几种香料资源的开发利用

几种香料资源的开发利用刘国声一、小茴香酮开发分子式Ｃ（１０）Ｈ（１６）Ｏ分子量１５２，２３［来源］小茴香酮ｄ－Ｆｅｎｃｈｏｎｅ存于形科植物小茴香ＦｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｖｕｌｇａｒｅＭｉｌｌ果实的挥发油中。小茴香有两个亚种，一是苦小茴香Ｆ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ...     

小茴香及其混淆品山小茴的鉴别

小茴香及其混淆品山小茴的鉴别郭文菊,和建国（山西省药品检验所,０３０００１）小茴香为常用中药,中国药典１９９０年版收载的为伞形科植物茴香Ｆｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｕｕｌｇａｒｅ的干燥成熟果实。笔者在工作中发现有部分地区将另一种伞形科植物的果实山小茴作小茴香...     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法：应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果：小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论：小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果:小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论:小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香果实中总黄酮含量测定方法研究

目的：测定小茴香果实中的总黄酮含量,以利于后续的提取操作。方法：采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准样品,测定小茴香中的总黄酮含量;通过单因素和正交试验确定果实中总黄酮的最佳提取条件。结果：总黄酮的最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度70%,提取时间2h,料液比1∶30,提取温度70℃,在此条件下提取率可达2.871。结论：试验结果可能为以后小茴香资源的开发利用提供重要的理论依据。     

小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放和透皮性能的研究

本文主要对小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放和透皮性能进行了研究。用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定小茴香挥发油在不同释放介质中的溶解度,选择30%聚乙二醇400-生理盐水作为满足漏槽条件的释放介质。按《中国药典》规定方法测定含不同稀释剂的小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放量,24 h体外释放累积量依次为二乙二醇单乙基醚(Transcutol P)己二酸二异丙酯辛癸酸甘油酯空白肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,说明不同稀释剂对小茴香挥发油贴剂的释放影响较大。Transcutol P的释放效果最好,24 h体外释放百分含量为64.16%,其体外释放过程符合Higuchi方程,释放速率常数为1762.2μg/cm~2·h~2。因此,选择Transcutol P作为小茴香挥发油贴剂的稀释剂。用选定的稀释剂贴剂进行大鼠和小型猪腹部皮肤体外透皮性能的研究,体外透皮过程符合零级动力学方程,透皮速率分别为63.943μg/cm~2·h、6.134μg/cm~2·h,说明不同皮肤对体外透皮速率有影响。     

两种新的茴香脑资源植物

茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是我国新近发现的特有植物,全株具有浓郁的茴香味。用气相色谱和色谱—质谱对这两种植物的根茎和叶挥发油进行了分析并与我国传统的香料和调味料—小茴香和大茴香的果实的挥发油进行了比较。发现:茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲的根茎和叶挥发油的主要成分是异茴香脑,分别为94.54(?)96.70％和60.29(?)86.20％;而小茴香和大茴香果实的挥发油的主要成分是反式—茴香脑,分别为80.29％、92.10％。异茴香脑的香味比反式—茴香脑弱,但它和醇碱液共热时即可发生异构化变成反式—茴香脑。且茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是草本植物,容易栽培和繁殖。所以这是两种至今未被利用的,有发展前途的香料植物。     

安络小皮伞(Marasmlus androsaceus)的研究

我国民间利用野生小皮伞菌治疗跌打刀伤、麻风性神经痛等病症,疗效良好。遵照伟大领袖毛主席关于理论联系实际的教导,我们学习群众的经验,实行生产、使用和科研单位三结合,对民间利用的野生小皮伞菌进行了分离、鉴定、培养和应用的研究,证明民间作药用的菌株主要是安络小皮伞(Marasmius androsaceus)。在自然界中,它生于深山密林、阴凉潮湿、近水、酸性土壤上的枯枝、枯木或竹枝上。利用它治疗多种神经痛疾病,效果显著。     

金荞麦的药理作用

金荞麦Ｆａｇｏｐｙｒｕｍｃｙｍｏｓｕｍ也称野荞麦、苦荞头,为蓼科植物,它是我国民间常用的一种中草药,药用其根茎。性平,微凉,味苦,酸涩,民间用于治疗肺脓疡。金荞麦根茎中有效成份是一类原花色素的缩合性单宁混合物〔１〕,包括（一）表儿茶素（ｅｐｉｃａｔ...     

八角和茴香

<正>八角茴香在食用香料中很常见,又称大茴香、八角、大料。八角茴香也可入药,药用部位是果实,一种聚合蓇葖果,呈向四周辐射的八角形。八角茴香味道浑厚,炒菜做饭尤其是炖肉时必不可少。生活中还有一种常见的调味料叫五香粉,用料组成其实是花椒、肉桂、丁香、八角茴香和小茴香。八角茴香的药用功效在《本草纲目》中便有记载,但李时珍把八角茴香和小茴香列在了一个条目中。它们的气味、功效比较类似,     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.