温度对鸭跖草负泥虫发育、取食量和繁殖力的影响

在温度为19±0.5℃、22±0.5℃、25±0.5℃、28±0.5℃、31±0.5℃和34±0.5℃及光照周期为18L6D条件下,分别研究了温度对鸭跖草负泥虫LemadiversaBaly.各虫态发育、幼虫取食量及变温对其成虫繁殖力的影响,建立了发育速度、发育历期的理论模型,同时得出温度与幼虫取食量无明显相关关系及31±0.5℃转至25±0.5℃(幼虫)和19±0.5℃转至25±0.5℃(成虫)两种变温条件能显著提高其室内成虫繁殖力。     

温度对江黄颡鱼性分化的影响

通过组织学方法观察江黄颡鱼原始生殖细胞(PGCs)迁移、生殖嵴生成和性腺分化，并且探讨在不同温度培育下性腺分化的差异。实验结果显示：1日龄仔鱼PGCs位于鱼体中肠背方的脏壁中胚层中；5日龄时，PGCs迁移到背方的腹膜上皮；8日龄时，生殖嵴形成；14日龄时，原始性腺形成；23日龄时，性腺开始分化。从孵化后的第10天开始，分别用(20±0.5)、(24±1.0自然水温、对照组)、(30±0.5)和(34±0.5)℃4种水温培育仔鱼达25天。实验结束后统计结果显示：对照组和(20±0.5)℃组的雌、雄性比接近1∶1(分别为1∶1.09和1.22∶1)；(30±0.5)℃组的为1∶4.89，雄性率达(83.3±0.7)%；(34±0.5)℃组的为2.85∶1，雄性率仅为(26.4±0.4)%。提示(30±0.5)℃可使幼鱼性腺发育趋向雄性，(34±0.5)℃则使幼鱼性腺发育趋向雌性。实验结果表明，江黄颡鱼的性分化是属于温度依赖型性别决定。     

太平鸟和灰头鹀的代谢产热特征及体温调节

采用封闭式流体压力呼吸仪,测定了在环境温度5、10、15、16、18、20、22、25、26、28和30℃时,捕自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市的太平鸟(Bombycillagarrulus,1♀、7♂)和灰头(Emberizaspodocephala,8♂)的代谢率(MR),计算每个温度点的热传导(C)、MR和C的体重预期值。结果显示:在环境温度(Ta)为5~30℃时,太平鸟的体温(Tb)基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·20±0·05)℃;热中性区(TNZ)为18~27℃,基础代谢率(BMR)为(2·33±0·47)mLO2/(g·h);Ta在5~18℃,MR与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为:MR=5·46(±0·19)-0·17(±0·01)Ta;Ta在5~22℃,C最低且基本保持恒定,平均为(0·13±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃)。5~30℃时,灰头Tb也基本维持恒定,平均Tb为(38·25±0·05)℃;TNZ为20~26℃,BMR为(4·75±0·18)mLO2/(g·h),最低C为(0·26±0·00)mLO2/(g·h·℃);在5~20℃时,MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR=9·54(±0·52)-0·23(±0·03)Ta。两种鸟具有BMR和Tb较高、下临界温度较低和TNZ较宽、热传导稍高的北方地区小型鸟类的代谢特点,通过自身的物理和化学调节(代谢产热)以更好地适应其生存环境。     

云南不同菜区小菜蛾的产卵规律与发育起点温度

在室内不同温度条件下(15～27℃,RH60%～70%),系统测定了云南不同菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)的产卵规律、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,云南不同菜区小菜蛾的产卵规律、发育起点温度和有效积温有所不同,差异显著,呈现不同的区域性种群特征。(1)玉溪市通海县、昆明市呈贡县、红河州石屏县和曲靖市陆良县的小菜蛾单雌产卵量分别为213.0、182.5、132.2和71.6粒,区域间差异显著,以通海县小菜蛾种群的产卵量为最高,陆良县的最低;产卵天数分别为7.76、5.81、7.0和3.63d。(2)玉溪市通海县、昆明市呈贡县、红河州石屏县、曲靖市陆良县和大理州弥渡县的小菜蛾全世代发育起点温度分别为:(9.5±0.5)、(10.0±0.5)、(9.3±1.0)、(9.2±0.7)和(9.4±0.8)℃;有效积温分别为:(407.2±17.2)、(404.5±15.4)、(419.2±29.6)、(383.0±20.5)和(398.0±23.9)日·度。     

马麝生理生化正常值的测定

对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区人工养麝场的马麝 3项临床指标、6项血液生理指标和 1 3项血清生化指标进行了测定。结果表明 ,成麝体温为 ( 39 94± 0 87)℃ ,呼吸 ( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min ,心率( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min;红细胞 ( 2 0 1 9± 4 95 )× 1 0 12 L ,白细胞计数 ( 1 2 4 76± 5 4 96)× 1 0 9 L ,PCV 0 5 78±0 0 3;血糖 ( 8 2 64± 2 0 5 6)mmol L ,K( 4 4 85± 0 2 4 3)mmol L ,Na ( 1 38 2± 1 6 64)mmol L ,Ca ( 2 75 8± 0 31 )mmol L ,总蛋白 ( 74 70 5± 8 1 5 9)g L ,白蛋白 ( 5 2 77± 2 2 32 )g L ,球蛋白 ( 2 1 4 8± 7 2 76)g L等。     

温度对两种野生禾本科植物体细胞胚胎发生的影响

取雌雄蕊分化期到小孢子母细胞期的苏丹草(Sorgkum sudanense)及双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)幼穗,消毒后在无菌条件下接种于附加2mg/L 2,4-D的N_6培养基(pH 5.8)上,苏丹草幼穗分别置于26±2℃,33±2℃,36±2℃温度下持续培养20天,6±2℃温度预培养2天或6天后接入26±2℃的常温下培养;双穗雀稗幼穗分别置于6±2℃,26±2℃,33±2℃,36±2℃下预培养6,8,11,15天后,接入26±2℃常温下     

萹蓄齿胫叶甲发育起点温度和有效积温

蓄齿胫叶甲 Gastrophysa polygoni (Linnaeus)是蓼科杂草蓄上的一种重要天敌昆虫。本文研究了该虫的发育起点温度和有效积温 ,结果表明 ,在 19～ 31℃范围内 ,该虫的发育历期随温度升高而缩短 ,反之则延长。经测定 ,卵的发育起点温度为 (10 .4 5± 0 .14 )℃ ,有效积温为 56 .2 4日度 ;幼虫期的发育起点为 (8.12± 0 .2 4 )℃ ,有效积温为 12 2 .2 0日度 ;蛹的发育起点为 (9.70± 0 .82 )℃ ,有效积温为91.70日度 ;产卵前期的发育起点和有效积温分别是 (16 .17± 0 .96 )℃和 52 .83日度 ;全世代的发育起点为 (12 .6 0± 0 .4 3)℃ ,有效积温为 2 90 .4 0日度     

桑尺蠖的发育起点温度和有效积温

在室内恒温条件下测定了桑尺蠖的发育历期。对试验结果采用 2种方法计算 ,并用变异系数来检验。结果表明 ,对于早春出蛰后的越冬幼虫和非越冬代 ,用直接最优化法计算所得的结果更接近实际 ;越冬幼虫的发育起点温度 (C)为 (3.4± 0 .7)℃ ,有效积温 (K )为 4 97.5日度 ;非越冬代幼虫和全世代发育起点温度 (C)分别为 (4 .2± 1.4 )℃和 (6 .0± 1.3)℃ ,相应的有效积温 (K)分别为 50 5.8日度和 781.7日度。     

温度和体重对中国对虾碳收支的影响

于 1996年 5～ 9月 ,测定了 3种规格 ( 0 .2 71± 0 .0 41g、3 .5 0 9± 0 .3 0 1g、11.0 62± 1.0 2 7g)池塘养殖中国对虾 (Penaeuschinensis)在 2 0℃、2 5℃和 3 0℃下 ,摄食日本刺沙蚕 (Neanthesjaponica)的C收支 .结果表明 ,温度和体重对摄食C有显著影响 ,随温度升高和体重的下降 ,C的摄食量显著增大 ,在 2 0℃、2 5℃和 3 0℃下的平均C摄食量分别为 12 .41、19.12和 2 6.0 8mg·g-1·d-1,在 3个规格下的平均C摄食量分别为 3 6.0 6、12 .17和 9.3 8mg·g-1·d-1.不同规格中国对虾对摄食C的分配比例无显著影响 ,温度是影响中国对虾摄食C分配的主要因素 .在 3个温度下摄食沙蚕的生长C、排粪C、蜕壳C和代谢C占摄食C的平均分配比例分别为 3 1.2 3 %、4.3 8%、7.94%、5 6.45 % ;2 6.83 %、2 .92 %、6.69%、65 .79% ;16.86%、2 .3 8%、5 .99%和 74.76% .     

贮藏条件对益母草、桔梗和白术种子发芽率的影响(简报)

益母草、桔梗和白术3种药用植物种子均不耐贮藏,在收到种子后初始发芽率较低.益母草与桔梗种子萌发适温是25±1℃,而白术种子为15±1℃.在适温下,益母草、桔梗与白术种子的发芽率分别是69.8%、39.8%和46.8%.在15%RH下(硅胶密闭),种子贮藏较适宜,43%RH下贮藏种子的发芽率次之.益母草种子宜在15℃中贮藏,桔梗种子则宜在5℃中贮藏,在5℃下75%RH和43%RH贮藏后的发芽率相近.用PEG6000引发处理桔梗种子可以明显地提高发芽率,但益母草种子则出现负效应.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.