干姜超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏工艺比较研究

目的：比较干姜的超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏两种工艺的差别,为其在复方制剂中的应用提供工艺设计参考。方法：分别用超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏处理干姜药材,采用GC、TLC对产物进行分析比较。结果：超临界CO2萃取产物得率为8．0％,水蒸气蒸馏得率为0．2％,GC、TLC显示超临界CO2萃取物比水蒸气蒸馏样品有较多的成分。结论：干姜的超临界CO2萃取工艺较水蒸汽蒸馏工艺的产物量高,成分较多。     

干姜浸膏中总酚的含量测定方法

本文采用紫外分光光度法对干姜浸膏中总酚进行了含量测定。其加样回收率为99.77％± 1.2,RSD为1.2％。此法不但简单,快速,而且为干姜浸膏的质量控制也进行了有益探讨。     

干姜挥发油纳米乳的制备与表征

为提高干姜挥发油的水溶性及在制剂过程中的稳定性,尝试将干姜挥发油制备成纳米乳载药形式,并对其进行表征。本文将提取的干姜挥发油进行成分分析并测定HLB值,通过处方筛选确定乳剂配比,并对所得干姜挥发油纳米乳的类型、粒径分布、表面电位及稳定性进行表征。经实验测得干姜中含挥发油2.1%,为淡黄色或黄色液体,HLB值为8,以吐温-80和司盘-80为表面活性剂,乳剂的最佳体积配比为油∶乳化剂∶水=6∶1∶13,激光粒度仪测得平均粒径为41.4 nm,表面电位为-10.31±1.51 mv,离心稳定常数为21.83%。此方法所得干姜挥发油纳米乳稳定性好,在水中分散性能好、稳定,可有效减少挥发油的损失。     

超临界流体中酶催化的研究进展

阐述了充当反应介质的超临界流体、固定化酶的载体以及反应温度和压力对超临界流体中酶催化反应的影响 ,并介绍了超临界流体中酶催化反应在工业上的应用现状和发展前景。     

超临界萃取技术及其在食品工业中的应用进展

本文概述了超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,简要介绍了其在食品工业中的最新运用动态,并对超临界二氧化碳萃取技术作了展望。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B在离子液体/超临界流体体系中的稳定性模拟

脂肪酶在离子液体/超临界流体体系中的结构稳定性是影响其活性的重要因素。本文采用分子动力学方法分别研究了南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)在离子液体CYPHOS IL-201/极性超临界流体CHF_3两相体系和离子液体CYPHOS IL-201/非极性超临界流体CO_2两相体系中的结构稳定性,揭示影响CALB结构稳定性的因素。研究结果表明,在超临界CHF_3中,CHF_3破坏蛋白维持α螺旋结构的氢键是蛋白结构不稳定的主要原因;在超临界CO_2中,CALB蛋白的结构紧密性降低,有序二级结构发生了变化,导致稳定性下降。离子液体和两种超临界流体均形成了两相体系,蛋白处于离子液体相中,离子液体不溶于超临界流体,但超临界流体部分进入离子液体相,降低了离子液体相的黏度。其中,相比于CYPHOS IL-201/CO_2体系,CYPHOS IL-201/CHF_3体系的黏度降低多。在离子液体CYPHOS IL-201与超临界流体(CHF_3、CO_2)形成的两相体系中,离子液体CYPHOS IL-201具有保护蛋白结构的作用,使CALB蛋白结构更加稳定。     

不同方法提取的艾叶挥发油指纹图谱分析

采取超临界CO2、微波和水蒸气蒸馏三种方法提取艾叶挥发油,利用GC-MS分析了不同方法提取的 艾叶挥发油指纹图谱。超临界CO2和微波萃取的艾叶挥发油的化学成分相似,水蒸气蒸馏与前两种方法提 取的挥发油的化学成分有些差异。超临界CO2萃取的艾叶挥发油更具天然性,超临界CO2萃取法为提取艾 叶挥发油的较理想方法;微波辅助萃取也不失为一种可行的方法。     

不同方法提取光皮树籽油的GC-MS分析

目的 :利用GC-MS分析了三种方法提取的光皮树籽油化学成分。方法 :采取超临界CO₂ 、超声波和微波三种方法提取光皮树籽油。结果 :超临界CO₂ 萃取的光皮树籽油与超声波和微波的主要化学成分有差异 ,超临界CO₂ 萃取的油酸含量最高 ,并且品质高 ,质量稳定 ,处理工艺简单 ;而后二者亚油酸含量最高 ,品质较低 ,质量不稳定 ,需要脱色 ,处理工艺复杂。结论 :超临界CO₂ 萃取的光皮树籽油更具天然性和稳定性 ,超临界CO₂ 萃取法为提取光皮树籽油的较理想方法。     

干姜化学成分和药理作用研究进展

干姜(Zingiberis Rhizoma)为姜科姜属植物姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)的干燥根茎,是药食两用的常用中药,具有抗炎杀菌、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集和抗肿瘤等多种药理活性,可用于消炎、镇痛及止呕等。其化学成分复杂,主要包括挥发油、姜辣素、二苯基庚烷等结构类型。本文就干姜的化学成分和药理作用研究现状作一综述。     

不同方法提取的荷叶挥发油化学成分分析

采取超临界CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏提取荷叶挥发油,利用GC-MS对它们进行了定性、定量分析。结果表明这两种方法提取荷叶挥发油的化学成分及含量皆有很大差别。超临界CO2萃取的荷叶挥发油更具天然性,超临界CO2萃取法为提取荷叶挥发油的理想方法。     

Enhancement of anti-candidal activity of endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. ED2, isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, by incorporation of host plant extract in culture medium

This study examined the effect of host extract in the culture medium on anti-candidal activity of Phomopsis sp. ED2, previously isolated from the medicinal herb Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Interestingly, upon addition of aqueous host extract to the culture medium, the ethyl acetate extract prepared from fermentative broth exhibited moderate anti-candidal activity in a disc diffusion assay. The minimal inhibitory concentration of this extract was 62.5 μg/ml and it only exhibited fungistatic activity against C. albicans. In the time-kill study, a 50% growth reduction of C. albicans was observed at 31.4 h for extract from the culture incorporating host extract. In the bioautography assay, only one single spot (Rf 0.59) developed from the extract exhibited anti-candidal activity. A spot with the a similar Rf was not detected for the crude extract from YES broth without host extract. This indicated that the terpenoid anti-candidal compound was only produced when the host extract was introduced into the medium. The study concluded that the incorporation of aqueous extract of the host plant into the culture medium significantly enhanced the anti-candidal activity of Phomopsis sp. ED2.     

黄荆提取物对小菜蛾幼虫毒力及对成虫的产卵忌避作用

系统地研究了黄荆种子和叶片的二氯甲烷、石油醚和甲醇提取物对小菜蛾2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力及其对成虫的产卵忌避作用.结果表明,6种提取物中,以二氯甲烷种子提取物对幼虫的毒力最高,二氯甲烷叶片提取物次之,甲醇叶片提取物的毒力最低.二氯甲烷种子提取物对2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力分别是甲醇叶片提取物的2.62倍和3.09倍,对4龄幼虫的毒力达辛硫磷的0.73倍,杀虫活性较高.甲醇叶片提取物和二氯甲烷种子提取物对小菜蛾成虫有较高的产卵忌避作用,在4 000 mg·L^-1浓度下,处理后24 h,产卵忌避率分别为60.6％和55.2％,且持效性也较好,处理后72 h忌避率仍分别达50.9％和46.1％.     

十二种药用植物乙醇提取物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗成虫的驱避效应

采用滤纸药膜选择法研究了蛇床子、茵陈、萹蓄等12种药用植物乙醇提取物对谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica(Fab.)和赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst成虫的驱避效应。12种药用植物以蛇床子(Cnidium monnieri)提取物对谷蠹成虫的驱避效果最佳,786μg/cm2处理24h对谷蠹的驱避率达93%;茵陈(Artemisia capillaries)提取物对赤拟谷盗成虫的驱避效果最佳,用393μg/cm2处理72h的驱避率为95%,茵陈提取物以262μg/cm2放置7d后对赤拟谷盗成虫的驱避率可达Ⅴ级水平。茵陈提取物对赤拟谷盗的驱避持效期长、效果好,具有一定的开发前景。     

Regulation of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Leaves of Soybean Bragg and Its Nodulated Mutants

The extracts from leaves of nodulated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) cv. Bragg and its nodulated mutants i. e. non-nodulated Nod 49, supernodulated nts 382 and nts 246 contained inhibitors of activities iNR, c1NR and c2NR in vitro. Both white light illumination of 300 μE · m-2 · s-1 and inoculation with strain USDAll0 were essential conditions for ac- cumulating these inhibitors in leaves. Comparing inhibiting activities of the extracts from different varieties indicated that Nod 49 extract showed stronger inhibition than Bragg extract did, but nts 382 extract had only weakest inhibitory effect. The inoculated Bragg root extract possessed the same inhibitory activity as its leaf extract. The inoculated nts 382 root extract, like its leaf extract, showed only a little inhibitory activity. However inoculated Nod 49 root extract lead to an inhibition of leaf c2NR activity, which was different from its leaf extract that inhibited three kinds of NR activities. The above results suggested that both leaf and root extracts contained common inhibitory factor which was accumulated after inoculation.     

蒲公英抗肿瘤活性部位的GC-MS分析研究

目的：考察蒲公英提取物对MCF-7增殖作用的影响,研究蒲公英抗肿瘤活性部位的化学成分。方法：采用MTT法比较蒲公英水提物、醇提物和不同极性提取物对MCF-7增殖的影响;以气相色谱．质谱（GC-MS）联用技术对具有抑制MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞增殖的部位进行分离和鉴定。结果：蒲公英水提物和醇提物对MCF-7细胞均有抑制作用,体外最大抑制率分别达到92．95％、93．59％,蒲公英不同极性溶剂提取物中,氯仿部位抑制MCF-7的增殖,且抑制作用高于醇提和水提物,乙酸乙酯和石油醚部位促进MCF-7的增殖。从蒲公英氯仿提取物中鉴定出80种化合物,占其总量的98．07％。结论：蒲公英氯仿部位具有抗肿瘤活性,为蒲公英抗肿瘤活性成分的研究提供了依据,拓展了筛选中药活性成分的方法。     

The recombinant Omp31 from Brucella melitensis alone or associated with rough lipopolysaccharide induces protection against Brucella ovis infection in BALB/c mice

Immunogenicity and protective activity against Brucella ovis of detergent-extracted recombinant Omp31 (rOmp31 extract) from Brucella melitensis produced in Escherichia coli, purified rough lipopolysaccharide from B. ovis (R-LPS) and a mixture of rOmp31 extract and R-LPS (rOmp31 extract + R-LPS) were assessed in BALB/c mice. The experimental vaccines were compared with a hot saline extract (HS extract) from B. ovis mainly composed of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and R-LPS, and known to be protective in mice against a B. ovis infection. Serum antibodies to Omp31 and R-LPS were detected in the corresponding mice using Western blotting with B. ovis whole-cell lysates and ELISA with purified antigens. Protection was evaluated by comparing the levels of infection in the spleens of vaccinated mice challenged with B. ovis. A significantly lower number of B. ovis colony-forming units in spleens relative to unimmunized (saline injected) controls were considered as protection. Mice immunized with rOmp31 extract or rOmp31 extract mixed with R-LPS developed antibodies that bound to the B. ovis surface with similar titers. Vaccination with rOmp31 extract plus R-LPS provided the best protection level, which was comparable with that given by HS extract. Similar protection was also obtained with rOmp31 extract alone and, to a lesser degree, with R-LPS. Comparisons between groups showed that an extract from E. coli-pUC19 (devoid of Omp31) provided no protection relative to either HS extract, rOmp31 extract or rOmp31 extract mixed with R-LPS. In conclusion, the recombinant Omp31 associated or not with B. ovis R-LPS, could be an interesting candidate for a subcellular vaccine against B. ovis infection.     

Plant-growth regulators from common starfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Asterias amurensis</Emphasis> Lütken) waste

Starfish waste has been shown to be an effective compost material not only in the promotion of plant growth but also in terms of having insecticidal activity. In the present study, plant growth regulation by chemicals from starfish was examined. The aqueous fraction from a hot water extract of the starfish Asterias amurensis Lütken showed plant-growth activity, while the aqueous fraction from a methanol extract inhibited growth of Brassica campestris. The lipophilic fraction from the methanol extract also exhibited a plant growth-promoting effect. The active components from each extract were identified. Asterubine from the hot water extract promoted plant growth. A ceramide from the lipophilic fraction showed root growth promoting effect, and three glucocerebrosides had promotive effects on the entire plant. Asterosaponins were identified as the main growth inhibitors in the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract. These active compounds from starfish waste could be analyzed as potential plant growth regulators in agricultural applications in the future.     

菊苣提取物和菊粉降脂活性研究

以300日龄商品代尼克T粉壳蛋鸡为试验动物,研究了菊苣提取物和菊粉对血清脂质、蛋黄总脂和胆固醇的影响.结果显示,0.1%菊苣提取物组、2.0%菊苣提取物组和0.1%菊粉组血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中0.1%菊苣提取物组TC降低36.47%,TG降低40.71%,LDL-C降低36.09%,0.1%菊粉组LDL-C降低16.23%,差异极显著(P<0.01);2.0%菊苣提取物组高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)比对照组高23.19%,差异极显著(P<0.01);2.0%菊苣提取物组蛋黄总脂和蛋黄胆固醇显著降低(P<0.05).表明菊苣提取物和菊粉均具有降血脂活性,但菊苣提取物比菊粉活性更强;菊苣提取物还具有降低蛋黄总脂和胆固醇的作用.     

鲍姆纤孔菌（桑黄）不同方式发酵的菌丝体生物活性比较

利用液体发酵、木屑固体发酵和米饭固体发酵3种方式培养鲍姆纤孔菌（桑黄）菌丝体,对菌丝体醇提物的体外抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗衰老生物活性进行了研究。结果表明,木屑固体发酵、液体发酵和米饭固体发酵的菌丝体醇提物清除H2O2自由基的IC50值分别为78.28±0.32、27.73±0.57和7.84±0.37;米饭培养的桑黄菌丝体醇提物在低浓度500μg/mL下对超氧阴离子自由基清除作用到达80%,在相同的浓度下对DPPH自由基清除率也明显高于其他两种方法,表现出较高的抗氧化活性。木屑以及米饭培养方法得到的菌丝体对PC12神经细胞损伤修复均有较好的效果,液体培养的桑黄菌丝体表现的修复作用较低;液体发酵培养的菌丝体醇提物浓度在100μg/mL时,对肿瘤细胞HepG2的抑制率达70%,高于其他两种培养方法的抑制作用。