新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究

采用相似性系数和物种多样性指数对新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物的物种多样性进行了研究．结果表明,博格达山地区苔藓植物区系具有丰富性和复杂性的特点,共有地面生苔藓植物32科73属186种(含变种、变型);山地荒漠带和山地草原带苔藓植物物种相似性最高,为0．6809,山地森林带和高山垫状植被带相似性最低,仅为0．1342;山地森林带苔藓植物在整个博格达山地面生苔藓植物群落中占据优势地位;山地森林带苔藓植物物种多样性最为丰富,为该山地苔藓植物多样性的分布中心,是苔藓植物多样性保护的关键地区．     

新疆繁缕亚科和裸果木亚科植物地理分布和区系特点的研究

新疆石竹科的繁缕亚科、裸果木亚科共有植物１４属６３种３变种。占新疆石竹总属数６６．７％总种数４８．２％。从垂直分布来看,主要分布于阿尔泰山和天山的亚高山草甸带和森林草甸带,昆仑山的高寒荒漠草原也有一定的分布。从水平分布看,主要有五个分布较集中的区域,即：阿尔泰泰山地,准噶尔西部山地,天山中西部山地、天山东部山地、昆仑山和帕米尔高原。在区系组成中,北温带成分２１种,占３１．９％;温带亚洲成分１４种,     

阿尔泰山温泉沟森林公园地衣区系的比较研究

为了查明阿尔泰山温泉沟森林公园地衣物种组成及区系特征, 对不同海拔采集的地衣进行了种类鉴定和区系分析, 同时对其他11 个地区的地衣区系进行了比较。不同地区间的地衣种属相似性采用Czehanowski 系数; 地衣的区系丰富性采用左家哺综合系数; 地衣区系地理成分的相关性采用主成分分析和聚类分析法进行了比较。结果表明, 阿尔泰山温泉沟森林公园地衣区系中, 单种科和单种属的比例在该地区地衣种类组成中较高, 分别占该地区地衣总科属数的40%和56.52%。属的相似性与额尔齐斯河大峡谷最高为64.15%, 种的相似性与哈纳斯国家级自然保护区最高为33.96%, 与武夷山地衣的属种相似性最低分别为27.12% 和2.27%。地衣科、属、种的丰富度指数, 还是综合性丰富性指数较低, 所比较的12 个地区中排在我国第9 位。地衣区系地理成分中, 环北极成分占优势, 其次为温带成分和世界广布成分, 与高等植物区系特征相符。     

中国与北美苔藓植物区系关系的探讨

关于中国和北美间苔藓植物区系关系的研究是在20世纪90年代开始的。研究表明中国和北美苔类和藓类的种间关系疏远,这一事实说明两个大陆在第三纪后期分离后,由于地质、地理、气候等因素的差异致使苔藓植物区系成分也产生明显分异。虽然它们在科、属方面差异较小,但两个大陆已各自形成地区特有的苔类和藓类的属。已知的中国特有及东亚特有的苔类属有5个,藓类属有22个;而已知北美地区特有的苔类属有4个、藓类属有5个。北美东部和西部形成于不同地质时期,在苔藓植物方面与中国共同分布的科、属和种存在一定差异。从神农架藓类植物研究表明,从共同分布的种来看,北美东部与中国比北美西部与中国的相似性系数高约6％。从两地区间苔类和藓类植物的雌雄同株或雌雄异株及孢子直径大小而论,这两个因素似乎并不是影响苔藓植物在两大地区间分布的主要原因,但对苔藓植物的分布仍然十分重要。本文作者认为结合中国和北美的地史、地理条件及苔藓植物自身的特点,可以认为白令海峡不是阻碍中国和北美苔藓植物交流的绝对自然屏障;中国和北美苔藓植物区系关系目前的状况,是长期多次交流融合和分异的结果。     

四川金佛山藓类植物区系的研究

通过半个世纪以来对金佛山近2000号藓类植物标本的鉴定,现确定金佛山藓类植物有40科,133 属和245种(包括4亚种、9变种和1变型)。其区系成分以东亚成分为主(33．77％),其次为温带成分 (28．57％)及热带、亚热带成分(24．68％)。文内还全面分析了金佛山藓类植物区系及我国南北8个山区藓 类植物区系之间的关系,用排序方法统计它们之间的相似性与非相似性系数,并着重就金佛山藓类植物区 系的过渡性特点作了探讨,提出在该山区与其邻近地区,存在一个苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。     

重庆市主城区苔藓植物区系研究

对采集的1500份标本进行鉴定并查阅相关文献,共统计出重庆市主城区苔藓植物34科65属206种(含苔类13科14属25种,藓类21科51属181种,重庆市新记录80种),并整理了重庆市主城区苔藓植物名录。其中优势科有丛藓科、青藓科、真藓科、灰藓科、绢藓科和羽藓科,占总种数的62.14%;优势属有青藓属Brachythecium、真藓属Bryum、绢藓属Entodon、美喙藓属Eurhynchium、毛口藓属Trichostomum、凤尾藓属Fissidens、湿地藓属Hyophila和灰藓属Hypnum,占总种数的41.26%。区系成分以北温带和东亚成分为主,分别占32.75%和30.41%;其次是热带成分和中国特有成分。通过与临近4个地区的苔藓植物区系比较发现,重庆市主城区与同纬度的杭州市区苔藓植物区系属、种相似性系数最高;而与其地理距离较近的3个区县的属、种相似性系数较低,这主要是由于重庆市主城区与杭州市区处于同纬度,且均以城市人工生境为主。本研究丰富了重庆市苔藓植物资料,为重庆市苔藓植物区系研究奠定了基础。     

江西九岭山国家自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究北大核心CSCD

九岭山国家级自然保护区南连罗霄山脉,东、北、西三面与武夷山脉、大别山脉、武陵山脉隔水相望。笔者于2020年9至12月间,对九岭山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物进行了野外调查及标本采集,共采集标本562号,对保护区苔藓植物标本进行鉴定及统计,分析研究区苔藓植物区系地理特征,并与江西7个地区苔藓植物的相似性和热带性质/温带性质(R/T)值进行了比较。结果表明:(1)九岭山国家级自然保护区共有苔藓植物58科100属179种(变种、亚种和变型),其中藓类植物34科64属113种,苔类植物23科34属64种,角苔类植物1科2属2种。(2)九岭山苔藓植物区系成分复杂,区系成分以东亚分布最高;温带成分略高于热带成分,该区表现出明显的过渡性。(3)九岭山苔藓植物与大部分地区科、属的相似性都较高;九岭山与阳际峰种的相似性最高,而与鄱阳湖湿地种的相似性最低。(4)九连山自然保护区苔藓植物R/T值最高为1.32,鄱阳湖湿地R/T值最低为0.50;九岭山国家级自然保护区与铜钹山自然保护区的R/T值最接近,且都是温带性质略高于热带性质,具有明显过渡性。总体来看,江西从南到北热带成分逐步减少,温带成分不断增加,中部呈现出明显的过渡性。     

贵州红水河谷地区苔藓植物区系研究

对贵州红水河谷地区的500余号苔藓植物标本进行了调查、采集和分类鉴定,得到苔藓植物36科,78属,204种(包括8亚种4变种和1变型)。其中藓类植物23科60属163种,苔类植物13科18属41种。为贵州增加新记录5种。划为13种类型。其中具热带性质的区系成分最丰富,占总数的38.02%,构成该区苔藓植物区系成分的主体;具温带性质的成分占总数的33.85%;东亚成分、特有成分、东亚-北美成分占该区的1.56%。选择9个地区,通过属和种的相似性系数全面比较,表明该地区与同纬度茂兰自然保护苔藓植物的相似性最高,关系最密切;与低纬度鼎湖山的相似性较高,关系较近;与高纬度小五台山和长白山相似性最低,关系最远。还统计了各地区的植物区系谱,分析该地区与其它地区的藓类植物区系关系。并着重就该区的热带边缘性的特点进行了讨论。     

贵州施秉喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地苔藓植物区系特征

由于地理环境优越、海拔跨度大、生境异质性高、人为影响小等原因,贵州施秉喀斯特世界自然遗产提名地的苔藓植物丰富,共有50科128属286种（含变种和亚种）,其中苔类17科23属43种,藓类33科105属243种。其优势科、属均反映了该区系的温带向热带过渡的性质。区系地理成分分析结果显示,该区苔藓植物北方温带成分、热带成分和东亚成分分别占37．12％、31．82％和30．30％,其中中国特有分布型占12．12％,反映了施秉喀斯特苔藓植物区系具有温热并重、东亚色彩浓厚、特有性较高的特征。通过对施秉喀斯特与其它五个区域的苔藓区系进行对比发现．施秉苔藓区系丰富度高,与同为云贵区的香纸沟、马岭河、罗平喀斯特地区亲缘关系最近。     

祁连山不同景观类型中苔藓植物物种多样性研究

通过对祁连山不同景观类型中的苔藓植物进行样方调查与物种组成统计,采用物种相似性系数、多样性指数对苔藓植物物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,30个10 m×10 m的样地内共计苔藓植物19科34属48种,其中优势科(≥3种)有6科,含19属31种,分别占本地区苔藓植物总属数和总种数的55.88%和64.58%。在5种景观类型中,针叶林带和高山灌丛带分布的苔藓植物物种相似性最高(相似性系数为0.5357);河岸带和高山草甸带分布的苔藓植物物种相似性最低(为0),表现出祁连山地区苔藓植物分布的丰富性和复杂性;高山灌丛带分布的苔藓植物物种多样性指数最高,但针叶林带苔藓植物最为丰富,是祁连山苔藓物种多样性保护的关键区域。     

气候变化下耐旱藓类连轴藓属在新疆的分布模拟

该研究基于耐旱藓类连轴藓属5种53条在新疆的地理分布信息和7个气候变量,利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS 10.2软件,分别模拟现代气候和未来气候情景下连轴藓属在新疆的适生分布区,为探讨气候变化对干旱、半干旱区苔藓植物物种分布的影响提供参考。结果表明:(1)Maxent模型预测连轴藓属在新疆适生区的准确性非常高(AUC=0.957)。(2)年降雨量、最干季度降雨量和最暖季度平均气温是影响连轴藓属分布的主要气候因子。(3)连轴藓属在新疆的适生区主要集中在阿尔泰山和天山沿线,在未来(2061~2080年)气候情景下,连轴藓属分布面积将比现代气候下减少10.39%,其绝大部分现有南部适生区将丧失。     

中国西北地区种子植物区系相似性的定量研究

以中国西北部的阿尔泰山（哈纳斯自然保护区）、准噶尔盆地、天山、塔里木盆地、阿尔金山、阿拉善、阿西、柴达木盆地及阿里等９个地区作为植物区系定量分析的单位。在对以上地区种子植物种数建立模糊矩阵的基础上,分别应用Ｐ Ｊａｃｃａｒｄ系数、Ｐ Ｆ Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ与Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｒａｏ系数及Ｒ Ｒ Ｓｏｋａｌ和Ｃ Ｄ Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ系数建立模糊相似矩阵Ｒ,再分别对这三个矩阵Ｒ建立模糊等价矩阵Ｒ＾＊,最后作归类处理     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in grasslands of Xinjiang北大核心CSCD

Aims: Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian arid areas, with grasslands widely distributed. Grasslands in Xinjiang provide significant economic and ecological benefits. However, research on evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the grasslands is still relatively weak. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics on ET and WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang in the context of climate change. Methods: The Biome-BGC model was used to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of ET and WUE of the grasslands over the period 1979-2012 across different seasons, areas and grassland types in Xinjiang. Important findings: The average annual ET in the grasslands of Xinjiang was estimated at 245.7 mm, with interannual variations generally consistent with that of precipitation. Overall, the value of ET was lower than that of precipitation. The higher values of ET mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Altun Mountains and the low mountain areas on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. The lower values of ET mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and the desert plains. Over the period 1979-2012, average annual ET was 183.2 mm in the grasslands of southern Xinjiang, 357.9 mm in the grasslands of the Tianshan Mountains, and 221.3 mm in grasslands of northern Xinjiang. In winter, ET in grasslands of northern Xinjiang was slightly higher than that of Tianshan Mountains. Average annual ET ranked among grassland types as: mid-mountain meadow < swamp meadow < typical grassland < desert grassland < alpine meadow < saline meadow. The highest ET value occurred in summer, and the lowest ET value occurred in winter, with ET in spring being slightly higher than that in autumn. The higher WUE values mainly distributed in the areas of Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. The lower WUE values mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and part of the desert plains. The average annual WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang was 0.56 g kg-1, with the seasonal values of 0.43 g kg-1 in spring, 0.60 g kg-1 in summer, and 0.48 g kg-1 in autumn, respectively. Over the period 1979-2012, the values of WUE displayed significant regional differences: the average values were 0.73 g kg-1 in northern Xinjiang, 0.26 g kg-1 in southern Xinjiang, and 0.69 g kg-1 in Tianshan Mountains. There were also significant differences in WUE among grassland types. The values of WUE ranked in the order of mid-mountain meadow < typical grassland < swamp meadow < saline meadow < alpine meadow < desert grassland.     

哈纳斯自然保护区植被特点及植物区系形成的探讨

哈纳斯自然保护区的植被充分反映了欧洲——西伯利亚区系成分的特色。山地针叶林带与天山相比显著下降,为阴暗泰加林类型。植被类型丰富多样,与天山的植被特点迥然不同。本区植物区系形成于第四纪。其区系组成以温带成分为主,并含有少量的古地中海成分。以本土发生的安加拉区系成分为主体;发源于华夏地台的亚洲温带成分渗透至本区;残存的古地中海成分有小部分通过相邻地区向本区渗入     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in grasslands of Xinjiang

Aims Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian arid areas, with grasslands widely distributed. Grasslands in Xinjiang provide significant economic and ecological benefits. However, research on evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the grasslands is still relatively weak. This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics on ET and WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang in the context of climate change.Methods The Biome-BGC model was used to determine the spatio-temporal characteristics of ET and WUE of the grasslands over the period 1979-2012 across different seasons, areas and grassland types in Xinjiang.Important findings The average annual ET in the grasslands of Xinjiang was estimated at 245.7 mm, with interannual variations generally consistent with that of precipitation. Overall, the value of ET was lower than that of precipitation. The higher values of ET mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Altun Mountains and the low mountain areas on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. The lower values of ET mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and the desert plains. Over the period 1979-2012, average annual ET was 183.2 mm in the grasslands of southern Xinjiang, 357.9 mm in the grasslands of the Tianshan Mountains, and 221.3 mm in grasslands of northern Xinjiang. In winter, ET in grasslands of northern Xinjiang was slightly higher than that of Tianshan Mountains. Average annual ET ranked among grassland types as: mid-mountain meadow > swamp meadow > typical grassland > desert grassland > alpine meadow > saline meadow. The highest ET value occurred in summer, and the lowest ET value occurred in winter, with ET in spring being slightly higher than that in autumn. The higher WUE values mainly distributed in the areas of Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains. The lower WUE values mainly distributed in the highland areas of Kunlun Mountains and part of the desert plains. The average annual WUE in the grasslands of Xinjiang was 0.56 g·kg^-1, with the seasonal values of 0.43 g·kg^-1 in spring, 0.60 g·kg^-1 in summer, and 0.48 g·kg^-1 in autumn, respectively. Over the period 1979-2012, the values of WUE displayed significant regional differences: the average values were 0.73 g·kg^-1 in northern Xinjiang, 0.26 g·kg^-1 in southern Xinjiang, and 0.69 g·kg^-1 in Tianshan Mountains. There were also significant differences in WUE among grassland types. The values of WUE ranked in the order of mid-mountain meadow > typical grassland > swamp meadow > saline meadow > alpine meadow > desert grassland.     

Molecular phylogeography of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations in Xinjiang of China: comparison with other Asian,European, and North American populations

To illustrate phylogeography of red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations of Xinjiang, we determined their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences, and then investigated geographic variations and phylogenetic relationships between Xinjiang populations and other populations from Asia, Europe, and North America. The C. elaphus mtDNA control region shared different copy numbers of tandem repeats of 38 to 43-bp motifs which clearly distinguished the Western lineage from the Eastern lineage of this species in Eurasia. The western lineage comprised the Tarim populations from southern Xinjiang and the European populations, all of which had four copies of the motifs. By contrast, the Eastern lineage consisted of populations from northern Xinjiang (Tianshan and Altai Mountains), other Asian areas (Alashan, Gansu, Tibet, Mongolia, and northeastern China), and North America, all of which shared six copies of the motifs. MtDNA phylogenetic trees showed that there are two major clusters of haplotypes which referred to the Western and Eastern lineages, and that subgroupings of haplotypes in each cluster were congruent with their geographic distributions. The present study revealed that a boundary separating the Western lineage from the Eastern lineage occurs between Tarim Basin and Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Meanwhile, North American populations were genetically closer to those of northern Xinjiang, northeastern China, and Mongolia, supporting that C. elaphus immigrated from northeastern Eurasia to North America through the glacier-induced land-bridge (Beringia) which had formed between the two continents after Late Pleistocene.     

江西水浆自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究

江西水浆自然保护区地处赣中雩山山脉,紧邻中亚热带南北分界线,保护区苔藓植物丰富.该研究对2019年水浆自然保护区综合科学考察(采用样线、样方法调查)所采集的700余份苔藓植物标本进行鉴定统计以及查阅相关文献,分析研究区内苔藓植物类群的区系地理特征,并与邻近12个自然保护区进行比较.结果表明:(1)鉴定苔藓植物197种,...     

新疆兽类分布格局及动物地理区划探讨

通过整理文献资料,依据Wilson 和Reeder (2005)兽类分类系统,共收集到新疆兽类138 种,分别隶属8目22 科。根据兽类在各个特定分布区的分布特点,采用Ward 的方法对各特定分布区进行聚类,依据特定分布区的相似性聚类结果,并结合自然地理条件,对新疆兽类动物地理分布格局进行了探讨,并将全疆兽类动物地理区划划分到第Ⅲ级。结果表明,物种丰富度与分布区的环境异质性密切相关,同时,区域环境一致性较高的地区,其兽类区系成份相似度亦较高,聚类结果的一致性较强;新疆兽类的分布受地形因素的影响较显著,天山和塔克拉玛干沙漠等明显的地理界限对兽类的交流、扩散起到明显的阻隔作用。