THE CHANGE IN STATE OF THE PROTEINS OF MUSCLE IN RIGOR

1. When myosin is exposed to a typical denaturing agent (acid) it becomes insoluble and its SH groups are activated. 2. The same number of active SH groups is found in the soluble myosin of resting muscle as in the insoluble myosin of muscle in rigor. No activation of SH groups accompanies the formation of insoluble protein in rigor. 3. When the insoluble myosin of muscle in rigor is treated with a denaturing agent its SH groups are activated. 4. Protein coagulation as brought about by denaturing agents (heat, acid, alkali, alcohol, urea, salicylate, surface forces, ultraviolet light) is a distinctly different change from the coagulation of myosin brought about by the unknown agent in muscle.     

楠木名称考订

<正> 经过多年对楠木的研究,我们发现楠木的正确学名应该修订。驰名中外的“楠木”,是很有趣的珍贵树种,它包括樟科润楠属(Machilus Nees)和楠属(Phoebe Nees)植物的一些近缘种,在四川及云南,一般把Phoebe zhennan,Phoebe hui和Machilus pingii通称为楠木,而在福建、浙江、贵州及广东、广西,却把Phoebe bournei称为楠木。自1877年英人A.Davenport在Kew Report报道了关于中国楠木的消息后,楠木的名称开始在植物学界造成乱混。D.Oliver于1879年把A.Davenport、E.Bradford和F.Vincot     

关于茭白黑粉菌的正名问题*

茭白黑粉菌在文献中出现Yenia esculenta(P.Henn.)Liou及Ustilago esculenta P.Henn.两个名字。现经形态发生学的研究以明确新名字是否有效。此菌冬孢子没有休眠期,孢子成熟后在适宜的环境中即可萌发。萌发的最适pH值为6;最适温度为25％;不需要外界光的诱导,在黑暗条件下也能正常萌发;培养基中的营养成份对孢子萌发的速率有一定影响。冬孢子在不同的环境条件下,其萌发形态及方式都是稳定的:孢子萌发时产生有隔的担子或先菌丝(promycelium)。该先菌丝起初可以是无隔的,但生长到一定程度,便产生分隔,分隔多为2—4个。初生的先菌丝和小孢子是单核的,但成熟的先菌丝、小孢子及短菌丝细胞内均是双核的。可以认为,该菌的双核期在整个生活史中占有相当长的时间,它只有短暂的单核期。没有发现先菌丝、小孢子彼此之间或相互间融合的现象;未见到双核的融合及减数分裂过程。茭白黑粉菌在人工组合培养基上生成厚壁的孢子,较自然界中的冬孢子为大,但萌发方式则相同。最后作者等认为茭白黑粉菌仍应保留在Ustilago属中,而Yenia esculenta(P.Henn.)Liou的名字是无效的。     

关于茭白黑粉菌的正名问题

茭白黑粉菌在文献中出现Yenia esculenta(P.Henn.)Liou及Ustilago esculenta P.Henn.两个名字。现经形态发生学的研究以明确新名字是否有效。此菌冬孢子没有休眠期,孢子成熟后在适宜的环境中即可萌发。萌发的最适pH值为6;最适温度为25％;不需要外界光的诱导,在黑暗条件下也能正常萌发;培养基中的营养成份对孢子萌发的速率有一定影响。冬孢子在不同的环境条件下,其萌发形态及方式都是稳定的:孢子萌发时产生有隔的担子或先菌丝(promycelium)。该先菌丝起初可以是无隔的,但生长到一定程度,便产生分隔,分隔多为2—4个。初生的先菌丝和小孢子是单核的,但成熟的先菌丝、小孢子及短菌丝细胞内均是双核的。可以认为,该菌的双核期在整个生活史中占有相当长的时间,它只有短暂的单核期。没有发现先菌丝、小孢子彼此之间或相互间融合的现象;未见到双核的融合及减数分裂过程。茭白黑粉菌在人工组合培养基上生成厚壁的孢子,较自然界中的冬孢子为大,但萌发方式则相同。最后作者等认为茭白黑粉菌仍应保留在Ustilago属中,而Yenia esculenta(P.Henn.)Liou的名字是无效的。     

雌性川金丝猴尿中生殖激素变化的研究

用人促黄体生成素／绒毛膜促性腺激素诊断药盒及雌激素诊断药盒,定期测定４只雌性川金丝猴尿中黄体生成素和绒毛膜促性腺激素的活性及其与雌激素含量的关系。实验证明,两种人用诊断药盒可以测出金丝猴尿中的促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）／绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＣＧ）及雌激素（Ｅ）的变化情况。基本上反映了金丝猴的卵泡形成、排卵和黄体生成的时间以及妊娠的情况。ＬＨ／ＣＧ及Ｅ,每月有一个大的峰值,其后１－４天内有月经或尿潜血出现。妊娠初期ＬＨ／ＣＧ急剧上升,持续一个月达到最高峰后即急剧下降。Ｅ在ＬＨ／ＣＧ下降后开始升高,持续３－４个月达到最高峰,高峰下降后半个月左右分娩,分娩后重新升高,但低于原水平。金丝猴的繁殖行为,主要表现为邀配和交配,９－１２月频率最高。根据ＬＨ／ＣＧ曲线的变化可以推断受精的大约日期。     

树突棘素在大鼠小脑中的表达和年龄变化

目的 观察树突棘素在大鼠小脑中的表达及年龄相关性变化。方法 应用免疫组织化学和Western blot方法,显示树突棘素在不同年龄组的大鼠小脑中的表达,并用图像分析系统对阳性免疫反应结果进行定量分析。结果 在中年组大鼠小脑中,树突棘素呈高表达,而在老年组和青年组大鼠小脑组织中表达水平相对较低。在小脑树突棘素的表达以分子层为主,其次表达在颗粒层细胞周围,少量树突棘素在大鼠小脑的蒲肯野细胞也有表达。结论 树突棘素的表达随着年龄的改变而变化;这种变化可能与不同年龄段大鼠小脑组织中突触的可塑性变化有关。     

EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY OF THE MAMMALIAN VERTEBRAL COLUMN

The notion that morphological complexity increases in evolution is widely accepted in biology and paleontology. Several possible explanations have been offered for this trend, among them the suggestion that it has an active forcing mechanism, such as natural selection or the second law of thermodynamics. No such mechanism has yet been empirically demonstrated, but testing is possible: if a forcing mechanism has operated, the expectation is that complexity would have increased in evolutionary lineages more frequently than it decreased. However, a quantitative analysis of changes in the complexity of the vertebral column in a random sample of mammalian lineages reveals a nearly equal number of increases and decreases. This finding raises the possibility that no forcing mechanism exists, or at least that it may not be as powerful or pervasive as has been assumed. The finding also highlights the need for more empirical tests.     

THE CHANGE IN INOSITOL PHOSPHATES DURING THE RIPENING OF RICE GRAINS

Inositol phosphates were analyzed by ion exchange chromatographyusing the chloride ion gradient elution method, which was foundto be satisfactory for complete separation of individual inositolphosphates. Only inositol-hexa-phosphate and inorganic phosphatewere recognized in the ripening rice grains. Inositol hexa-phosphateshowed a markedly rapid increase in the early ripening phasefollowed by the gradual increase in the later phase, while inorganicphosphate decreased in the later stages of the ripening. (Received April 15, 1964; )