嗜碱细菌NTT36嗜碱基因的亚克隆及其在大肠杆菌和农杆菌中的 …

将大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１嗜碱转化子中质粒ｐＧＣＡ所携带的嗜碱基因亚克隆至双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１质粒中,构建了植物表达载体ｐＬＧＣ重组质粒。用其转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１获得了能在碱性和卡那霉素抗性平板上生长的转化子,再通过三亲交配法将亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ转化进农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４,又获得能在碱性平板和卡那霉素及利福平双抗平板上生长的转化子,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明ＨＢ１０１转化子亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ是由来自     

耐热芽孢杆菌E2菌株纤维素酶基因克隆的研究

用质粒ｐＢＲ３２２作载体,大肠杆菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＤＨ５αＦ’作受体,克隆到耐热孢杆菌Ｅ２菌株的羧甲基纤维素酶基因。重组质粒ＰＢＧ３从产生ＣＭＣａｓｅ的转化子中分离得到。克隆到的ＣＭＣａｓｅ基因位于４．０ｋｂＨｉｎｄⅠⅠⅠ片段上。功能状态ＣＭＣａｓｅ基因被亚克隆到２．４ｋｂＤＮＡ片段上。     

短芽孢杆菌α—乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

用ＰＣＲ方法扩增短芽孢杆菌α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因,引入原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０中,得到重组质ｐＡＬＤ１．ｐＡＬＤ１的ＡＬＤＣ基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达,每毫升发酵液产酶８０单位以上,双原始菌株提高２００余倍。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ蛋白质分析表明,大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α表达的ＡＬＤＣ占细胞总蛋白量的４０％以上。研究了重组质粒稳定性,大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α和ＨＢ１０１分别大无选择压力下３０℃连续培养５０代以上,４１℃诱导     

转基因培育抗除草剂水稻

以ｐＡＨＣ２０（含Ｂａｒ基因）和ｐＷＲＧ１５１５（含ＧＵＳ基因和潮霉素抗性基因）以及含Ｂａｒ基因和雪莲凝集素（ＧＮＡ）基因的ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ３３００ ＲＧ为供体ＤＮＡ,选用水稻品系８７２０３、上农香糯及鄂宜１０５的成熟胚诱导出的愈伤组织及微不定芽为受体材料,分别采用基因枪和根癌农杆菌（ＬＢＡ４４０４,含ｐＡＬ４４０４）导入法进行基因转化;经抗性筛选、ＧＵＳ检测和ＰＣＲ分析。结果表明,外源基因已通过基     

绿色荧光蛋白基因在青蒿转基因芽中的表达

将改良的绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）基因,插入到植物表达载体中,构建双ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子驱动下的植物表达载体ｐＢＩＧＦＰ,在Ｋａｍ浓度为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的筛选培养基上,用含有ｐＢＩＦＰ质粒的根癌农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４感染青蒿叶片,获得５个抗Ｋａｎ阳性丛生芽系。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析表明,外源ＧＦＰ基因已整合到青蒿转基因芽Ｇ－１系的基因组中。在ＯＬＹＭＰＵＳ－ＢＨ２型荧光显微镜下,观察到转基因     

具有真细菌基因启动子活性的盐生盐杆菌质粒DNA片段

利用大肠杆菌启动子探测质粒ｐＫＫ２３２－８为载体、用两组限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ－ＳａｌＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＳａｌＩ分别消化盐生盐杆菌Ｊ７（Ｈａｌｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｈａｌｏｂｉｕｍ）的质粒ｐＨＨ２０５,在体外进行重组,转化Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＨＢ１０１感受态细胞,在含氨苄青霉素和氯霉素的选择平板上筛选转化子,并从随机挑选的２０株转化子中,获得抗氯霉素水平达到１１０μｇ／ｍｌ的转化子Ｔ１和Ｔ２,所含重组质粒分别被命名为ｐＪＨ和ｐＪＢ。经限制性酶切分析及杂交分析表明,ｐＪＨ质粒上插入了一段来源于ｐＨＨ２０５质粒的ＤＮＡ片段,其大小为８００ｂｐ左右。通过重新转化实验进一步表明,该ＤＮＡ片段在大肠杆菌中具有启动子功能,从而证明,在古细菌（盐生盐杆菌）的质粒ＤＮＡ中存在具有真细菌（大肠杆菌）基因启动子活性的ＤＮＡ片段。     

phbB,phbC基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及对马铃薯植株的转化和检测

利用从真养产碱杆菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ）Ｈ１６染色体ＤＮＡ中克隆到的催化聚β羟基丁酸酯（ｐｏｌｙβｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｂｕｔｙｒａｔｅ,ＰＨＢ）生物合成的两个关键酶基因：依赖ＮＡＤＰＨ的乙酰乙酰ＣｏＡ还原酶基因（ｐｈｂＢ）以及ＰＨＢ合酶基因（ｐｈｂＣ）,同时利用大肠杆菌高效表达载体ｐＫＫ２２３３,构建了嵌合有ｐｈｂＢ和ｐｈｂＣ基因的表达载体ｐＫＣＢ,转入大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９,通过显微镜观察及气相色谱分析检测ＰＨＢ的合成。在确证克隆基因正确的基础上构建了马铃薯块茎特异性表达载体ｐＰＳＡＧＢ（含ｐｈｂＢ基因）、ｐＢＩＢＧＣ（含ｐｈｂＣ基因）和ｐＰＳＡＧＣＢ（含ｐｈｂＢ和ｐｈｂＣ双基因）,转化５个马铃薯品种,经检测获得２０个转基因阳性株系。     

Ti质粒介导的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶cDNA转化烟草植株

将玉米Ｃ４－磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（ＰＥＰ羧化酶）ｃＤＮＡ亚克隆至穿梭质粒ｐＢｉｎ１９,通过在杆菌Ｔｉ质粒（ＬＢＡ４４０４）介导的时圆片共培养法将其转入Ｃ３植物烟草中。在获得的抗性转化植株中,８０％具有较强的ＮＰＴⅡ报道基因表达。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交表明Ｃ４－ＰＥＰ羧化酶ｃＤＮＡ已被整合到了烟草核基因组中。     

植物表达载体pKC—3的构建及大分子DNA连接策略

以根癌农杆菌双元载体ｐＣＡＭＢＬＡ１３００为基础,先后连接含有马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂－Ⅱ基因（ＰⅡ）、苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因（Ｂ．ｔ ｃｒｙＩ（Ａ））及雪花莲外源凝集素基因（ＧＮＡ）的完整表达片段,构建了抗多种稻田害虫的表达载体ｐＫＣ－３,将其导入根癌农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４,可进一步用于水稻抗虫基因转化的研究。载体构建进程采用多次的大分子ＤＮＡ片段连接,总结出了一套适合大片段连接转化的可行策略。     

嗜麦芽假单胞菌酪氨酸酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

酪氨酸酶基因（ｍｅｌ）编码的酪氨酸酶是合成黑色素的关键酶。用鸟枪法分离嗜麦芽假单胞菌的ｍｅｌ基因：以ｐＵＣ１８为载体,Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＨＢ１０１为受体菌,在加有一定量的Ａｍｐ和Ｌ－ｔｙｒ的酪素平板上筛选到分泌可溶性黑色素的转化子,所含重组质粒ｐＷＳＹ约７００ｂｐ的外源ＤＮＡ片段上携有ｍｅｌ基因,该片段无ＢａｍＨＩ、ＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＢｃｌＩ等酶的识别位点。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实此片段确实     

Molecular cloning and expression of a xylanase gene of alkalophilic Aeromonas sp. no. 212 in Escherichia coli

A gene coding for a xylanase activity of alkalophilic Aeromonas sp. no. 212 (ATCC 31085) was cloned in Escherichia coli HB101 with pBR322. Plasmid pAX1 was isolated from transformants producing xylanase, and the xylanase gene was located in a 6.0 kb Hind III fragment. The pAX1-encoded xylanase activity in E. coli HB101 was about 80 times higher than that of xylanase L in alkalophilic Aeromonas sp. no. 212. About 40% of the enzyme activity was observed in the periplasmic space of E. coli HB101. The pAX1-encoded xylanase had the same enzymic properties as those of xylanase L produced by alkalophilic Aeromonas sp. no. 212, but its molecular weight was lower (135 000 vs 145 000, as estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).     

Cloning of the BamHI methyl transferase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

We wish to report the initial characterization of a recombinant clone containing the BamHI methylase gene. Genomic chromosomal DNA purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was partially cleaved with HindIII, fractionated by size, and cloned into pSP64. Plasmid DNA from this library was challenged with BamHI endonuclease and transformed into Escherichia coli HB101. A recombinant plasmid pBamM6.5 and a subclone pBamM2.5 were shown to contain the BamHI methylase gene based on three independent observations. Both plasmids were found to be resistant to BamHI endonuclease cleavage, and chromosomal DNA isolated from E. coli HB101 cells harboring either of the plasmids pBamM6.5 or pBamM2.5 was resistant to cleavage by BamHI endonuclease. In addition, DNA isolated from lambda phage passaged through E. coli HB101 containing either plasmid was also resistant to BamHI cleavage. Expression of the BamHI methylase gene is dependent on orientation in pSP64. In these clones preliminary evidence indicates that methylase gene expression may be under the direction of the plasmid encoded LacZ promoter.     

Construction of a novel suicide vector: selection for Escherichia coli HB101 recombinants carrying the DNA insert.

We constructed a new type of cloning vector, pERISH2, that transforms Escherichia coli HB101 only when a foreign DNA fragment is ligated into the cloning site of the plasmid vector. Plasmid pERISH2 carries the rcsB gene which is derived from the chromosome of E. coli HB101 and is involved in the regulation of colanic acid production. When E. coli HB101 is transformed by this vector carrying the intact rcsB gene, the gene product RcsB blocks bacterial growth. However, if the rcsB gene is inactivated by the insertion of a foreign DNA fragment, this recombinant plasmid no longer inhibits the growth of E. coli HB101. Although E. coli HB101 is not stably transformed by pERISH2, E. coli K-12 strains such as JM109 and C600 can harbor this vector. Therefore, pERISH2 can be amplified in JM109 and be prepared from this strain in a large quantity using conventional methods. A chromosomal gene library of Klebsiella pneumoniae is constructed easily and efficiently by the utilization of this new cloning vector.     

Resistance plasmids in Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9.

Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9 utilizes 2-tridecanone as its sole carbon source and has been shown to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics. To ascertain whether any of these characteristics were plasmid mediated, Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed with plasmid DNA isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia 4G9. No 2-tridecanone-utilizing transformants were obtained. Tetracycline (Tc)- and ampicillin (Ap)- resistant transformants were obtained at a low frequency. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from antibiotic-resistant E. coli HB101 transformants had molecular weights of 2.9 x 10(6) for pJW2 Tcr and 5.4 x 10(6) for pJW3 Apr as determined by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from P. cepacia 4G9 revealed a single plasmid species, pJW1 of 1.78 x 10(6). Tetracycline resistance in both P. cepacia 4G9 and E. coli HB101(pJW2) was inducible, whereas ampicillin resistance in P. cepacia 4G9 was constitutive. The level of ampicillin resistance coded by pJW3 was lower in P. cepacia 4G9 than in the transformant E. coli HB101(pJW3).     

High spontaneous mutation frequency in shuttle vector sequences recovered from mammalian cellular DNA.

The recombinant shuttle vector pSV2gpt was introduced into V79 Chinese hamster cells, and stable transformants expressing the Escherichia coli gpt gene were selected. Two transformants carrying tandem duplications of the plasmid at a single site were identified and fused to simian COS-1 cells. Plasmid DNA recovered from the heterokaryons was used to transform a Gpt- derivative of E. coli HB101, and the relative frequency of plasmids carrying a mutation in the gpt gene was determined. The high frequency of Gpt- plasmids (ca. 1%) was similar to that observed when plasmid was recovered from COS-1 cells which had been transfected with pSV2gpt. Most of the mutant plasmids had rearrangements in the region containing the gpt gene.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀蚊基因在鱼腥藻中克隆和表达的初步研究

将苏云金芽胞杆菌以色列亚种的杀蚊晶体蛋白基因cry11A亚克隆到大肠杆菌－蓝藻的穿梭质粒载体pRL25C,然后用三亲本杂交的方法将重组质粒转移到一种具有固氮能力且可被蚊幼虫吞食的鱼腥藻（Anabaena）PCC7120中。Southernblot及Westernblot分析表明cry11A基因在鱼腥藻PCC7120中得以克隆和表达,但生物测定未能检测到转基因鱼腥藻对库蚊（Culex）的毒性,可能是因为带有苏云金芽胞杆菌自身启动子的Cry11A基因在鱼腥藻PCC7120中表达量不够高的缘故。     

苎麻CCoAOMT基因cDNA反义转化模式烟草'WS38'

苎麻咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)是其木质素合成过程的一种关键酶,运用克隆的该酶基因cDNA及植物表达载体pBI121、pWM101,分别构建了35S启动子控制的苎麻CCoAOMT基因反义cDNA基因质粒(pBI121-antiBnCCoAOMT)和cDNA全长表达质粒(pWM101-BnCCoAOMT),并通过根癌农杆菌介导法将其转化至模式烟草WS38,获得了转基因烟草.对转基因植株进行分子分析和组织学初步研究表明,转反义RNA基因植株叶柄木质素含量较野生烟草或转正义基因烟草叶柄木质素含量降低.说明运用反义RNA技术对CCoAOMT基因的表达进行基因工程调控,一定程度上可以对木质素的合成产生干扰,为获得低木质素或木质素组分改良的苎麻基因工程奠定基础.     

Construction of an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens

A stable shuttle vector which replicates in Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pBR322 with C. perfringens plasmid pHB101 (3.1 kb). The marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid pHR106. The resulting shuttle vector, designated pAK201, is 8 kb in size and codes for resistance to 20 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml in both E. coli and C. perfringens. Following shuttle vector construction in E. coli, plasmid pAK201 was transformed into E. coli HB101 and C. perfringens ATCC 3624A, using intact cell electroporation. The transformation frequencies were 10(6) and 10(4) transformants per microgram of DNA in E. coli and C. perfringens, respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chimera isolated from transformants of both microorganisms suggested that the plasmids were identical. Reciprocal transformation experiments in E. coli and C. perfringens indicated no difference in transformation frequency. Plasmid pAK201 was stable in C. perfringens following repeated transfer in the absence of chloramphenicol pressure. The restriction map of plasmid pAK201 shows six unique cut sites which should be useful for future genetic analysis and C. perfringens gene library construction.     

Construction of an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens.

A stable shuttle vector which replicates in Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pBR322 with C. perfringens plasmid pHB101 (3.1 kb). The marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid pHR106. The resulting shuttle vector, designated pAK201, is 8 kb in size and codes for resistance to 20 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml in both E. coli and C. perfringens. Following shuttle vector construction in E. coli, plasmid pAK201 was transformed into E. coli HB101 and C. perfringens ATCC 3624A, using intact cell electroporation. The transformation frequencies were 10(6) and 10(4) transformants per microgram of DNA in E. coli and C. perfringens, respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chimera isolated from transformants of both microorganisms suggested that the plasmids were identical. Reciprocal transformation experiments in E. coli and C. perfringens indicated no difference in transformation frequency. Plasmid pAK201 was stable in C. perfringens following repeated transfer in the absence of chloramphenicol pressure. The restriction map of plasmid pAK201 shows six unique cut sites which should be useful for future genetic analysis and C. perfringens gene library construction.     

Development and use of cloning systems for Bacteroides fragilis: cloning of a plasmid-encoded clindamycin resistance determinant.

Chimeric plasmids able to replicate in Bacteroides fragilis or in B. fragilis and Escherichia coli were constructed and used as molecular cloning vectors. The 2.7-kilobase pair (kb) cryptic Bacteroides plasmid pBI143 and the E. coli cloning vector pUC19 were the two replicons used for these constructions. Selection of the plasmid vectors in B. fragilis was made possible by ligation to a restriction fragment bearing the clindamycin resistance (Ccr) determinant from a Bacteroides R plasmid, pBF4;Ccr was not expressed in E. coli. The chimeric plasmids ranged from 5.3 to 7.3 kb in size and contained at least 10 unique restriction enzyme recognition sites suitable for cloning. Transformation of B. fragilis with the chimeric plasmids was dependent upon the source of the DNA; generally 10(5) transformants micrograms-1 of DNA were recovered when plasmid purified from B. fragilis was used. When the source of DNA was E. coli, there was a 1,000-fold decrease in the number of transformants obtained. Two of the shuttle plasmids not containing the pBF4 Ccr determinant were used in an analysis of the transposon-like structure encoding Ccr in the R plasmid pBI136. This gene encoding Ccr was located on a 0.85-kb EcoRI-HaeII fragment and cloned nonselectively in E. coli. Recombinants containing the gene inserted in both orientations at the unique ClaI site within the pBI143 portion of the shuttle plasmids could transform B. fragilis to clindamycin resistance. These results together with previous structural data show that the gene encoding Ccr lies directly adjacent to one of the repeated sequences of the pBI136 transposon-like structure.