用马铃薯淀粉水解物代替油脂

食品专家在开发低热能食物的研究中,可能用麦芽糖糊精代替人体通常需要的成份——油脂。其代替量大于50%。一种称为帕苏里 SA 2的油脂替代品,它以马铃薯淀粉为原料,经特殊加工而成。它与油脂以及其他食物相混合,用于各种食品中。如液态食品、膏状食品、奶制品和面包食品等。当用量和调配温度适中,替代品会形成一种耐热胶液,这种液胶柔和、无味,具有类似     

我国天然食用色素的生产现状、发展趋势及存在问题

一、天然色素的现状及发展趋势食品都要讲究“色、香、味”,色字当头,可见其重要性,悦目的色泽不仅能引起人们的食欲,而且也能提高食品的商品价值。随着人类社会的高度发达,形形色色的食品,首先必须考虑有诱人的色泽,再配以优美的香味,才能吸引顾客。食品诱人的色泽,不能光靠食品自身本来的颜色,而必须人为地进行必要的修饰、强化,这就需要有能供食用的各种色素。十八世纪50年代,人们开始将合成色素使用到食品中,近代由于环境的严重污染及食物污染给人类健康带来不容忽视的危害,一部分合成色素已被证实对人类健康有明显的影响而被禁用,目前美国只剩9种、日本11种、中国9种质量好的合成色素还允许用于食品中。食     

茶多酚在食品中的应用

茶多酚广泛应用于食品贮藏保鲜,是一种天然高效的食品添加剂。本文中,笔者介绍了茶多酚的主要成分、生物活性及其在食品工业(包括水产品、肉类及肉制品、果蔬、油脂、功能性食品等)中的应用,并展望了茶多酚在食品贮藏保鲜领域中的应用前景。     

转基因食品具有良好的安全性

消费者对转基因食品的了解一般来自媒体．其对转基因食品的担心与媒体对转基因食品的宣传不全面、公众对转基因食品的不了解有关。媒体往往片面夸大了某些假想的东西．对公众的影响较大。实际上．转基因食品是一种很安全的食品。     

天然食品防腐保鲜剂的发展现状及前景

食品防腐保鲜剂的应用,能够保证食品的营养,利于食品的长期保存,主要是由于食品在物理、生化等条件的作用下,其营养成分可能会流失,甚至会变质,但食品防腐保鲜剂是一种重要的添加剂,在食品加工与贮藏中进行应用,从而保证产品的无毒、无害与高效。本文将分析天然食品防腐保鲜剂发展的现状及前景,旨在促进天然食品防腐保鲜剂的持续发展,保证食品的安全。     

天然食品防腐剂乳链菌肽的性质及其应用

乳链菌肽是一种天然食品防腐剂。本文概述了乳链菌肽的理化性质、抑菌性能、作用机制及在食品防腐中的应用。     

速溶豆粉的研究现状

随着科学技术的进步和发展,先进国家的食品已经进入第四期-舒适时期。这个时期的特点是:一是增加了食品中蛋白质含量,二是食品加工化。加工食品包括速溶食品、冷餐、罐头。其中速溶豆粉就是速溶食品之一。我国是大豆之国,盛产大豆,所制造的大豆加工产品很多,大部分都受到消费者的喜欢,速溶豆粉就是其中一种。虽然速溶豆粉食用方法很简单,但是它的工艺流程却十分复杂。因此,本文主要从速溶豆粉生产工艺出发,探讨其研究现状。     

生物芯片在食品检测中的应用

生物芯片是上世纪末发展起来的一种微量分析技术,因具有准确、快速、信息量大等特点而发展迅速。简要介绍了生物芯片的基本原理、种类及其X-作原理与应用前景,并深入探讨了生物芯片在食品检测中的应用,包括对转基因食品、食品微生物、食品营养成分、食品原料等的检测;对现今生物芯片应用中存在的问题与未来的发展前景做了分析展望。     

食品微生物学检验实验操作

食品微生物不但影响着食物的质量、口感,还关系着食品安全。一般情况下包括食品的微生物发酵(如蒸馒头)和食品中微生物的检验(如菌落种数、治病微生物检验等)。对于食品微生物的检验是不容忽视,必须有一种严谨、认真、细心的检验心态,微生物学检验实验亦应如此。做好微生物微观领域的研究,为人类提供更营养、更安全的食品。这就是食品微生物研究的目的,也是食品微生物检验的重点。本文通过对食品微生物检验实验的若干实验的总结,阐述了如何做好食品微生物的检验试验。     

微流控芯片技术在食品领域中的应用

微流控芯片技术是一种全新的微量分析技术。介绍了微流控芯片技术的基本原理、特点及分类,并深入讨论了该技术在食品安全、营养、加工和风味等食品领域中的应用,包括有害化学物质、食品添加剂、转基因食品和食源性致病微生物等的检测,营养物质和功能成分的分析鉴定,食品工艺参数的调控以及食品风味成分的检测,展望了微流控芯片技术在食品领域的广阔应用前景。     

桑椹红色素纯化的动态吸附条件研究

桑椹红色素是一种安伞、无毒的食用天然色素。本实验埘8种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定了吸附桑椹红色素的最佳操作条件。结果表明,LSA-21树脂对桑椹红色素的吸附和解吸性能较好;确定的最佳吸附条件为：料液浓度(以吸光度计)为0．425Abs,上柱速度3．5BV／h,料液pH1．57。     

果桑资源研究利用现状与展望

我国保存有桑树种质资源近3000份,其中可作果桑用的资源超过60份.已对桑果的营养成分、桑椹红色素及果桑的栽培管理技术进行了比较全面的研究,开发出桑果饮料、罐头、桑椹膏、桑椹酒等产品.以桑椹为主要原料的防病保健方剂在我国民间广泛应用,但对桑果药理作用的研究还处于初期阶段.今后应加强果桑资源的收集、整理、鉴定及改良创新,加强桑椹药理作用的研究,加快桑果产品的开发,实现桑果综合利用的产业化.     

Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into mulberry dwarf responses in mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Mulberry dwarf (MD) is a serious infectious disease of mulberry caused by phytoplasma. Infection with MD phytoplasma results in stress phenotypes of yellowing, phyllody, stunting, proliferation, and witches' broom. Physiological and biochemical analysis has shown that infection with MD phytoplasma causes an increase in soluble carbohydrate and starch content, and a decrease in the net photosynthesis rate, carboxylation efficiency, and pigment content of leaves. Furthermore, damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure was detected in infected leaves. To better understand the pathogen‐stress response of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to MD phytoplasma, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis using 2‐DE of infected and healthy leaves. Among 500 protein spots that were reproducibly detected, 20 were down‐regulated and 17 were up‐regulated. MS identified 16 differentially expressed proteins. The photosynthetic proteins rubisco large subunit, rubisco activase, and sedoheptulose‐1,7‐bisphosphatase showed enhanced degradation in infected leaves. Based these results, a model for the occurrence mechanism of MD is proposed. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mulberry response to MD phytoplasma infection.     

Interspecific seed discounting and the fertility cost of hybridization in an endangered species

Hybrid fertilizations can have negative demographic effects on taxa by usurping ovules that would otherwise give rise to nonhybrid offspring. The consequent reduction in conspecific matings may be exaggerated in rare taxa and constitutes a fertility cost that has rarely been quantified. Here, the effect of interspecific mating was estimated on the fecundity of locally rare red mulberry (Morus rubra), which hybridizes with introduced white mulberry (Morus alba) and red yen white hybrids. First, the asymmetry in pollen production among red, white and hybrid mulberry in two sympatric populations was quantified. The fertility cost of hybridization was then assessed experimentally by estimating seed production and rates of interspecific mating in red mulberry trees from plots where white and hybrid mulberry trees were selectively removed. On average, the percentage of mulberry pollen per plot produced by red mulberry (8%) was significantly lower than the mean for white and hybrid mulberry combined (92%). Experimentally removing white and hybrid mulberry increased the siring fertility of red mulberry by 14% but produced no change in seed set. Results indicate that seeds of red mulberry, ordinarily sired by conspecific pollen, are being discounted through fertilization of ovules by heterospecific pollen, which may contribute to local decline of red mulberry.     

模拟干旱胁迫下构树和桑树的生理特征比较

在不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)的处理下,测定构树和桑树的碳酸酐酶活性、光响应曲线、二氧化碳响应曲线和叶绿素荧光等指标,比较它们的抗干旱能力.结果表明:(1)构树的碳酸酐酶活力变化不显著,而桑树的碳酸酐酶活力不同的PEG 6000浓度间差异较大.(2)构树的净光合速率受PEG 6000的影响较小,而桑树受到抑制较...     

大气氟污染源附近食桑昆虫中氟的积累和分布

对大气F污染源附近野桑蚕,桑赤蠖和桑蚕体内的氟化物含量和器官分布进行了研究,结果表明,污染源附近食桑昆虫体有较高的氟化物含量,且食桑昆虫体的氟化物含量随着离污染源的距离增大而降低,野桑蚕,桑赤蠖和桑蚕的氟化物含量与桑叶的氟化物含量有极显著的线性正相关性,食桑昆虫不同器官间的氟化物积累量也存在较大差异,其消化管是食桑昆虫的主要氟化物积累器官。     

Isolation of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene from mulberry (Morus alba L.) and analysis of the function of this gene in plant development and stresses response

Mulberry (Morus alba) is an important crop tree involved in sericulture and pharmaceuticals. To further understand the development and the environmental adaptability mechanism of mulberry, a cDNA of the gene MaACO1 encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase was isolated from mulberry. This was used to investigate stress-responsive expression in mulberry. Developmental expression of ACC oxidase in mulberry leaves and spatial expression in mulberry flowers were also investigated. Damage and low-temperature treatment promoted the expression of MaACO1 in mulberry. In leaves, expression of the MaACO1 gene increased in cotyledons and the lowest leaves with leaf development, but showed reduced levels in emerging leaves. In flowers, the pollinated stigma showed the highest expression level, followed by the unpollinated stigma, ovary, and immature flowers. These results suggest that high MaACO1 expression may be predominantly associated with tissue aging or senescence in mulberry.     

Chalcomoracin prevents vitreous-induced activation of AKT and migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are the major cell type in the epi- or sub-retinal membranes in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which is a blinding fibrotic eye disease and still short of effective medicine. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether Chalocomoracin (CMR), a novel purified compound from fungus-infected mulberry leaves, is able to inhibit vitreous-induced signalling events and cellular responses intrinsic to PVR. Our studies have revealed that the CMR IC50 for ARPE-19 cells is 35.5 μmol/L at 72 hours, and that 5 μmol/L CMR inhibits vitreous-induced Akt activation and p53 suppression; in addition, we have discovered that this chemical effectively blocks vitreous-stimulated proliferation, migration and contraction of ARPE-19 cells, suggesting that CMR is a promising PVR prophylactic.     

桑树激光育种方法的研究

激光应用于桑树育种起于七十年代,通过我所二十多年来对桑树激光育种方法的研究与探讨,激光对桑树营养器官和生殖器官都可产生生物学效应,但这种效应的大小,多少与供试材料,供试品种和激光种类,功率大小有关,而且激光较电离辐射有它独特的优点。实践证明,激光育种与杂交育种相结合,或激光与其它理化因素相结合,处理桑树的无性器官冬芽能产生较多的有益突变,为桑树激光育种的最佳途径。     

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Morus alba L.

Morus alba L. (mulberry) is a perennial woody tree and a species with great potential for Cd phyremediation owing to its large biomass and extensive root system. The mechanisms involved in Cd detoxification were investigated by analyzing the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in mulberry in the present study. These results indicated that 53.27–70.17% of Cd mulberry accumulated was stored in the root and only about 10% were in the leaves. Lots of the Cd was located in the cell wall of the mulberry root and in soluble fraction of the mulberry leaf. Moreover, in roots, the largest amount of Cd was in the form of undissolved Cd-phosphate. While in mulberry leaves and stems, most of the Cd was extracted by 2% Acetic acid and 0.6 M HCl, representing Cd-phosphate and Cd-oxalate. It could be concluded that the Cd combination with peptides and organo-ligands in vacuole of leaf or complexed with proteins or cellulose in the cell wall of root might be contributed to the tolerance of mulberry to Cd stress. The mulberry could be used to remediate the Cd polluted farmland soils.