Na~(+)、Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与HSA相互作用的~(23)(Na)-NMR研究

 本文应用~23Na-NMR波谱技术,研究了Na~(+)、Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与人体血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用。在实验基础上,通过引入两位快交换模型,拟合计算获得了Na~(+)与HSA相互作用的结合常数和处于结合状态Na~(+)的相关时间;实验表明Ca~(2+)能与Na~(+)竞争同HSA结合,拟合计算获得了两者与HSA相互作用结合常数的比值,棕榈酸钠能增强Ca~(2+)同Na~(+)竞争与HSA结合的能力;从实验上未能观察到Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)能同Na~(+)竞争与HSA相互作用的证据。     

咖啡因和茶碱对大鼠皂素蜕膜心肌肌钙蛋白Ca~(2 )敏感性和肌浆网Ca~(2 )释放的影响

在低浓度皂素（50μg／ml）制备的浆膜蜕变（通透性增高）而肌浆网（SR）膜无损的蜕膜心肌标本上,以其收缩的幅度作为SRCa(2 )释放的半定量指标;高浓度皂素（500μg／ml）制备的浆膜和SR膜均蜕变的蜕膜心肌标本,以其张力-PCa关系曲线以及产生50％最大张力所需的Ch(2 )浓度（PCa50）分别作为肌钙蛋白（TN）Ca(2 )敏感性的定性和定量指标。结果观察到：（1）在低浓度皂素蜕膜心肌标本上,5和10mmol／L咖啡因分别引起约89．2±12．7和142．5±17mg（n＝4,P＜0．05）张力的强直收缩,而5mmol／L茶碱未能引起明显的强直收缩;（2）在高浓度皂素蜕膜心肌标本上,5和10mmol／L咖啡因及5mmol／L茶碱均使张力-pCa关系曲线左移;PCa50较对照分别增加了0．261,0．274和0．212PCa单位（P均小于0．001）。上述结果提示：咖啡因和茶碱均能增高TNCa(2 )敏感性;此外,咖啡因尚有促使SR释放Ca(2 )的作用。     

介质Ca~(2 )和La~(3 )对酿酒酵母生长的影响

采用正交实验研究了外加Ｃａ~(２＋)和Ｌａ~(３＋)对酿酒酵母生长的影响。结果表明：外加Ｃａ~(２＋)和Ｌａ~(３＋)对酿酒酵母的生长均有显著的影响,都呈现出低浓度时正效应和高浓度时负效应,当Ｃａ~(２＋)浓度为１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及Ｌａ~(３＋)浓度为１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酿酒酵母生长最好。     

两类Ca~(2 )通道拮抗剂对脑缺血时Ca~(2 )/CaM PK Ⅱ活性抑制的保护作用

本文以蒙古沙土鼠双颈总动脉结扎（ＢＣＡＯ）前脑缺血模型Ｃａ２＋／ＣａＭＰＫⅡ活性变化为指标,研究了以氯胺酮（ＫＴ）、右美沙芬（ＤＭ）、苄丙咯（ＢＰ）及硝苯吡啶（ＮＤ）为代表的配体门控Ｃａ２＋通道（ＬＧＣＣ）及电压门控Ｃａ２＋通道（ＶＧＣＣ）两类Ｃａ２＋通道拮抗剂对缺血性脑损伤的保护作用。结果如下：（１）脑缺血后,胞浆型及颗粒型Ｃａ２＋／ＣａＭＰＫⅡ活性均明显下降;（２）缺血前单独用药,ＫＴ、ＤＭ、ＢＰ及ＮＤ对酶活性均具有剂量依赖性的保护作用;（３）与单独用药相比,联用异类药,ＫＴ＋ＢＰ、ＫＴ＋ＮＤ及ＤＭ＋ＢＰ的保护作用显著增高,而联用同类药,ＢＰ＋ＮＤ及ＫＴ＋ＤＭ的保护作用无明显增高。结果提示：脑缺血中,ＬＧＣＣ及ＶＧＣＣ两类Ｃａ２＋通道均参与了缺血性脑损伤过程;两类Ｃａ２＋通道的单一拮抗对缺血性脑损伤均有保护作用,而联合拮抗效果更佳。     

水霉(Soprolegnia fer ax)生长菌丝顶端细胞内游离Ca~(2 )和膜结合Ca~(2 )的分布

本文比较和研究了水霉(Saprolegnia ferax)生长菌丝顶端胞内Fluo-3游离Ca~(2 )和CTC膜结合Ca~(2 )的荧光分布影像。激光共焦扫描显微镜下观察可见:Fluo-3荧光有房室化现象,Fluo-3荧光反映的是细胞质游离Ca~(2 )与细胞器游离Ca~(2 )总的分布状况,Fluo-3游离Ca~(2 )的最大荧光强度出现在菌丝顶端2—10μm区域,10μm以后荧光强度逐渐下降,约40μm以后荧光降到很低,值得注意的是菌丝顶端2μm以前存在一个低荧光强度区。CTC膜结合Ca~(2 )的荧光影像显示:pH6.8或8.0的条件下菌丝最顶端2μm以前的区域都不能被染色,但pH8.0条件下的荧光较pH6.8弥散而强烈,代表线粒体的蠕虫状荧光斑点不再能够清晰辨认,说明其它细胞器也被染色,但菌丝顶端仍然不能被着色。结合菌丝顶端DIC和超微结构分析说明,菌丝顶端泡囊不是一个Ca~(2 )库,线粒体和内质网等是菌丝胞内重要的Ca~(2 )库。本文结果还澄清了有关菌丝内细胞质游离Ca~(2 )分布的矛盾报道。     

外源Ca~(2 )预处理对高温胁迫下辣椒叶片细胞膜透性和GSH、AsA含量及Ca~(2 )分布的影响

以辣椒 (Capsicum annuum)幼苗的叶片为材料 ,研究了外源 Ca2 预处理对热胁迫下细胞质膜透性和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)、抗坏血酸 (As A)含量变化及 Ca2 分布的影响。结果表明 :外源 Ca2 预处理能减轻热胁迫引起的细胞膜破坏 ,能够减少叶片中 GSH和 As A的破坏。热胁迫后 ,Ca2 具有从胞外转运到胞质内和叶绿体中的趋势 ;外施Ca2 预处理能够明显增加细胞间隙、液泡和叶绿体中的 Ca2 颗粒密度 ,能够稳定热胁迫下叶肉细胞膜和叶绿体的超微结构。结果表明 ,外施 Ca2 预处理可能通过改变细胞内外的 Ca2 分布 ,减轻热胁迫对叶肉细胞的伤害     

硒对心肌质膜(Ca~(2+)·Mg~(2+))-ATPase和肌浆网Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力的影响

本文以豚鼠和大白鼠心肌肌浆网膜(SR)Ca~(2+)-ATPase的活力,心肌质膜(SL)(Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+))-ATPase的活力和电子显微镜的方法探索克山病病区粮中低硒与心肌细胞钙转运调控的共系,实验结果为硒对克山病有预防作用的观点提供了新的理论依据,并进一步支持了“克山病是一种心肌线粒体病”的观点。     

线粒体Ca~(2 )转运与细胞代谢调节

线粒体具有一套完整的Ca2 转运系统 ,包括两条摄取途径和三条释放途径。生理条件下 ,它们在细胞胞质与线粒体钙稳态维持以及细胞能量代谢中起重要作用 ,线粒体从胞质摄取的Ca2 可激活某些Ca2 敏感的呼吸酶和代谢过程。病理条件下 ,线粒体Ca2 转运发生紊乱 ,通过线粒体通透性转换导致细胞坏死或凋亡     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌肌浆网Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATPase基因转录调节的影响

观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）对心肌肌浆网Ｃａ２＋,Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ基因（ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ）转录调节的影响,评价ＤＭＰ８１１对此效应的干预作用．６周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组,每组６只．组１：生理盐水输注;组２：ＡｎｇⅡ输注＋ＤＭＰ８１１管饲（３ｍｇ·ｄ－１·ｋｇ－１）;组３：ＡｎｇⅡ输注（２００ｎｇ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｋｇ－１．１周后称其体重,取心脏并称重,提取心脏总ＲＮＡ后采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ的方法检测ＳＥＲ－ＣＡ２ａ的转录水平,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ＡｎｇⅡ１型受体（ＡＴ１）ｍＲＮＡ水平．实验后,组３心重（ＣＷ）、心重／体重（Ｃ／Ｂ）、ＡＴ１受体转录水平均高于组１（分别增加４．７±０．４％,４．９±０．９％和２４．７±３．５％;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ基因转录水平显著低于组１（降低２０．１±３．０％,Ｐ＜０．０１）,并且ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａｍＲＮＡ水平与ＡＴ１受体ｍＲＮＡ水平呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７４,Ｐ＜０．０１）．ＡｎｇⅡ导致的上述改变能被ＤＭＰ８１１完全阻断．ＡｎｇⅡ通过其Ⅰ型受体的介导,诱导了ＳＥＲＣＡ２ａ的转录下调     

L-型钙电流在血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大中的作用

目的:探讨血管紧张素II(Ang II)诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌细胞中L-型钙电流的功能在分子水平改变。方法:在血管紧张素II诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌细胞中,应用全细胞膜片钳技术检测L-型钙电流的密度及门控动力学变化;应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测L-型Ca2+通道α1C亚单位mRNA的表达量。结果:Ang II在引起新生大鼠心肌肥大的同时,也增加了心肌细胞ICa,L电流密度,但并不影响ICa,L电流的激活、失活和复活特征。另外,Ang II还增加了L-型Ca2+通道α1C亚单位mRNA表达量。Ang II的这些作用都可被其1型受体阻断剂losartan所抑制。结论:在Ang II诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌中,L-型Ca2+通道的功能在分子水平发生了显著变化,这些变化是通过激活心肌细胞上Ang II 1型受体所介导的。     

氨甲酰胆碱增加大鼠心室肌细胞收缩机制的初步研究

目的:本文研究非选择性M受体激动剂氨甲酰胆碱(Cch)对心肌细胞收缩的作用,并同时观察L-型钙流,探讨其机制.方法:以分离大鼠的单个心室肌细胞为对象,采用膜片钳和单细胞收缩测量技术,在35℃恒温,细胞外钙离子浓度1.8 mmol/L,0.2 Hz,1.0 Hz刺激下测量细胞收缩幅度和ICa(L)、INa/Ca.结果:①大鼠心肌细胞收缩与刺激频率呈负相关;②选择△L0.2 Hz/△L1.0 Hz≥1.25(n=6)的细胞给予1.0 Hz的刺激,100 μmol/L Cch增加大鼠心室肌细胞收缩28%.③ Cch作用能被非选择性M受体阻滞剂阿托品阻滞,选择性M1受体激动剂MCN-A-343 100 μmol/L对细胞收缩无影响.④ 100 μmol/L Cch对ICa(L)无影响,但增加从 10 mV复极到-40 mV所产生的晚期尾电流,提示INa/Ca加大.结论:Cch能加强大鼠心室肌细胞收缩,它的作用由M2受体介导,其机制可能是通过加强INa/Ca,增加肌质网(SR)内的钙内容和钙释放,导致细胞收缩加强,而非通过L-型钙流.     

Na+和Ca2+对拟南芥根原生质体质膜内向K+通道电流的影响

以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia)根为材料,利用膜片钳技术测定其根细胞原生质体质膜内向K^ 电流,并对Na^ 对其K^ 电流的影响进行了初步研究,发现Na^2 可明显抑制拟南芥根细胞原生质体的内向K^ 电流,外施Ca^2 可缓解Na^ 对内向K^ 电流的抑制．说明Ca^2 参与了质膜上K^ 通道对K^ ／Na^ 的选择性吸收的调节,从而使植物适应盐胁迫．     

Phospholemman modulates Na+/Ca2+ exchange in adult rat cardiac myocytes

Previous studies have shown that overexpression of phospholemman (PLM) affected contractile function and Ca(2+) homeostasis in adult rat myocytes. We tested the hypothesis that PLM modulated Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) activity. PLM was overexpressed in adult rat myocytes by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. After 72 h, the half-time of relaxation from caffeine-induced contracture, an estimate of forward NCX1 activity, was prolonged 1.8-fold (P < 0.003) in myocytes overexpressing PLM compared with control myocytes overexpressing green fluorescent protein alone. Reverse NCX1 current (3 Na(+) out:1 Ca(2+) in) was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in PLM myocytes, especially at more positive voltages. Immunofluorescence demonstrated colocalization of PLM and NCX1 to the plasma membrane and t-tubules. Resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and duration, myocyte size, and NCX1 and calsequestrin protein levels were not affected by PLM overexpression. At 5 mM extracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](o)), the depressed contraction amplitudes in PLM myocytes were increased towards normal by cooverexpression with NCX1. At 0.6 mM [Ca(2+)](o), the supranormal contraction amplitudes in PLM myocytes were reduced by cooverexpression with NCX1. We conclude that PLM modulated myocyte contractility partly by inhibiting Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange.     

L型钙流和反向钠-钙交换在豚鼠心室肌细胞兴奋-收缩偶联中的作用

目的 :比较和探讨L型钙流 [ICa(L) ]和反向钠—钙交换 (NCX)在触发豚鼠心室肌细胞兴奋—收缩偶联中的作用。方法 :以分离的豚鼠单个心室肌细胞为对象 ,采用膜片钳和单细胞收缩测量技术 ,给予 35℃的各种含药物细胞外液快速灌流 ,同时记录ICa(L) 和细胞收缩。结果 :①在 +10mV的钳制电压 ,使用硝苯地平 (Nif) 10～ 10 0 μmol/L和Nif 30 μmol/L +Cd2 +30 μmol/L ,阻滞ICa(L) 越多 ,细胞收缩被阻滞得越多 ,呈线性相关。②在 +5 0mV的钳制电压 ,Nif 10 0 μmol/L以及Nif 30 μmol/L +Cd2 +3 0 μmol/L仅能抑制部分细胞收缩 ,但剩余的细胞收缩起始时间明显延迟 ,且能被 5mmol/LNi2 +所阻滞。③在 +10 0mV的钳制电压 ,细胞收缩起始时间较 +5 0mV明显延迟 ,且不能被Nif 10 0 μmol/L和Nif 30 μmol/L +Cd2 +30 μmol/L所阻滞。结论 :在生理条件下 ,ICa(L) 是触发心室肌细胞兴奋—收缩偶联的主要途径 ,但在膜电位 >+5 0mV时 ,反向NCX也参与兴奋—收缩偶联。     

Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity in neonatal rabbit ventricular myocytes

Much less is known about the contributions of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger (NCX) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ pump to cell relaxation in neonatal compared with adult mammalian ventricular myocytes. Based on both biochemical and molecular studies, there is evidence of a much higher density of NCX at birth that subsequently decreases during the next 2 wk of development. It has been hypothesized, therefore, that NCX plays a relatively more important role for cytosolic Ca²⁺ decline in neonates as well as, perhaps, a role in excitation-contraction coupling in reverse mode. We isolated neonatal ventricular myocytes from rabbits in four different age groups: 3, 6, 10, and 20 days of age. Using an amphotericin-perforated patch-clamp technique in fluo-3-loaded myocytes, we measured the caffeine-induced inward NCX current (I_NCX) and the Ca²⁺ transient. We found that the integral of I_NCX, an indicator of SR Ca²⁺ content, was greatest in myocytes from younger age groups when normalized by cell surface area and that it decreased with age. The velocity of Ca²⁺ extrusion by NCX (V_NCX) was linear with [Ca²⁺] and did not indicate saturation kinetics until [Ca²⁺] reached 1–3 µM for each age group. There was a significantly greater time delay between the peaks of I_NCX and the Ca²⁺ transient in myocytes from the youngest age groups. This observation could be related to structural differences in the subsarcolemmal microdomains as a function of age. ontogeny of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling; sodium/calcium exchanger; cytosolic calcium concentration; subsarcolemmal calcium concentration; sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content     

Kinetic properties of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ pump and the Na+/Ca2+ exchange system in basolateral membranes from rat kidney cortex

Summary Basolateral plasma membranes from rat kidney cortex have been purified 40-fold by a combination of differential centrifugation, centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient followed by centrifugation in 8% percoll. The ratio of leaky membrane vesicles (L) versus right-side-out (RO) and inside-out (IO) resealed vesicles appeared to be LROIO=431. High-affinity Ca²⁺-ATPase, ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport and Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange have been studied with special emphasis on the relative transport capacities of the two Ca²⁺ transport systems. The kinetic parameters of Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in digitonin-treated membranes are:K _m =0.11 m Ca²⁺ andV _max=81±4 nmol P_i/min·mg protein at 37°C. ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport amounts to 4.3±0.2 and 7.4±0.3 nmol Ca²⁺/min·mg protein at 25 and 37°C, respectively, with an affinity for Ca²⁺ of 0.13 and 0.07 m at 25 and 37°C. After correction for the percentage of IO-resealed vesicles involved in ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport, a stoichiometry of 0.7 mol Ca²⁺ transported per mol ATP is found for the Ca²⁺-ATPase. In the presence of 75mm Na⁺ in the incubation medium ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake is inhibited 22%. When Na⁺ is present at 5mm an extra Ca²⁺ accumulation is observed which amounts to 15% of the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport rate. This extra Ca²⁺ accumulation induced by low Na⁺ is fully inhibited by preincubation of the vesicles with 1mm ouabain, which indicates that (Na⁺–K⁺)-ATPase generates a Na⁺ gradient favorable for Ca²⁺ accumulation via the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. In the absence of ATP, a Na⁺ gradient-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake is measured which rate amounts to 5% of the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ transport capacity. The Na⁺ gradient-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake is abolished by the ionophore monensin but not influenced by the presence of valinomycin. The affinity of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange system for Ca²⁺ is between 0.1 and 0.2 m Ca²⁺, in the presence as well as in the absence of ATP. This affinity is surprisingly close to the affinity measured for the ATP-dependent Ca²⁺ pump. Based on these observations it is concluded that in isolated basolateral membranes from rat kidney cortex the Ca²⁺-ATPase system exceeds the capacity of the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger four- to fivefold and it is therefore unlikely that the latter system plays a primary role in the Ca²⁺ homeostasis of rat kidney cortex cells.     

MCI-154对大鼠心肌细胞的变力作用

钙增敏剂具有正性肌力作用,同时不增加细胞内钙浓度,因此可避免导致心律失常和最终心肌细胞死亡的钙超载。然而大部分钙增敏剂对心肌舒张功能有损害作用。MCI-154是一种钙增敏剂,但不损害舒张功能。为阐明其变力作用机制,我们应用离子成像技术研究了MCI-154对分离的单个大鼠心室肌细胞钙瞬变和收缩的影响,利用膜片钳技术观察了MCI-154对大鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙电流和Na^ ／Ca^2 交换电流的影响。结果表明：(1)MCI-154在1μmol／L至100μmol／L的浓度范围内对L-型钙电流（ICa-L)无直接影响：(2)MCI-154在轻微增加钙瞬变幅度和缩短心肌钙瞬变TR50和TR90的情况下,呈剂量依赖性地增加大鼠心室肌细胞的缩短;(3)MCI-154剂量依赖性地增加正常大鼠心室肌细胞的Na^ ／Ca^2 交换电流。这些结果提示：MCI-154不仅剂量依赖性地发挥了正性变力作用,对舒张功能也没有损害作用,明显不同于其它钙增敏剂,而且还轻微改善了大鼠心室肌细胞的舒张。其对内向Na^ ／Ca^2 交换电流的激动作用会加快钙内流,导致TR50和TR90的缩短,提示MCI-154是通过正向Na^ ／Ca^2 交换改善舒张功能的。     

Amiloride和Ni2+抑制缺血/复灌引起的大鼠心肌细胞内钙的增加

本文旨在研究Na+/H+交换以及Na+/Ca2 +交换对模拟缺血 /复灌引起的大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙水平变化的调节作用。分别利用模拟缺血液和正常台氏液对大鼠心肌细胞进行缺血 /复灌处理 ,在缺血期间分别应用Na+/H+交换抑制剂阿米洛利 (amiloride)、Na+/Ca2 +交换抑制剂NiCl2 以及无钙液 ,观察它们对细胞内游离Ca2 +浓度变化的影响。利用Zeiss LSM 5 10激光共聚焦显微镜检测、采集细胞内游离Ca2 +的指示剂Fluo 3 AM的荧光信号 ,计算出相对于正常(缺血前 )的相对荧光强度 ,以表示胞内游离Ca2 +浓度的变化。结果显示 ,模拟缺血引起大鼠心肌细胞内游离Ca2 +持续上升 ,缺血前的相对荧光强度值为 10 0 % ,模拟缺血 5min后为 140 3± 13 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,复灌 15min后为 142 8±15 5 % (P <0 0 5 )。经 10 0 μmol/Lamiloride、5mmol/LNiCl2 和无钙液分别预处理 ,模拟缺血 5min后的相对荧光强度分别为 10 1 4± 16 3 % (P <0 0 5 )、110 4± 11 1% (P <0 0 5 )和 10 7 1± 10 8(P <0 0 5 ) ;复灌 15min后则分别为 97 8±14 3 % (P <0 0 5 )、10 6 2± 14 5 % (P <0 0 5 )和 10 6 6± 15 7(P <0 0 5 )。另外 ,与对照组细胞相比 ,再灌注期间NiCl2和无钙液处理的细胞钙振荡的产生幅度明显减弱 ,amilorid