重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)抑瘤活性及其对免疫作用的研究(英文)

目的:观察重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)对接种H22肝癌细胞小鼠的抑瘤活性及其免疫作用。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为5组(10只/组),即模型组、rAPC低、中、高剂量组(25,50,100mg/kg·d)、环磷酰胺组(CY对照组)。建立小鼠肝癌H22移植瘤模型,次日除模型组外,其余4组分别以不同剂量的rAPC、CY灌胃,于15d后处死,完整剥离出肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏,准确称重,计算抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾指数,并采用放免法(RIA)测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平。结果:rAPC低剂量组小鼠H22肿瘤质量增长较模型组缓慢(P<0.05),中、高剂量组较模型组显著缓慢(P<0.01),抑瘤率分别为25.2%、36.7%、43.1%;rAPC各剂量组能升高胸腺指数、脾指数和血清中细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平。结论:rAPC可有效抑制H22肝癌的生长,促进小鼠胸腺和脾脏的生长发育,提高小鼠的免疫功能,从而抑制肿瘤的生长。     

重组别藻蓝蛋(rAPC)抑瘤活性及其对免疫作用的研究

目的:观察重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)对接种H22肝癌细胞小鼠的抑瘤活性及其免疫作用.方法:昆明小鼠随机分为5组(10只/组),即模型组、rAPC低、中、高剂量组(25,50,100mg/kg·d)、环磷酰胺组(CY对照组).建立小鼠肝癌1422移植瘤模型,次日除模型组外,其余4组分别以不同剂量的rAPe、CY灌胃,于15d后处死,完整剥离出肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏,准确称重,计算抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾指数,并采用放免法(PIA)测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平.结果:rAPC低剂量组小鼠H22肿瘤质量增长较模型组缓慢(P＜0.05),中、高剂量组较模型组显著缓慢(P＜0.01),抑瘤率分别为25.2%、36.7%、43.1%;rAPC各剂量组能升高胸腺指数、脾指数和血清中细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平.结论:rAPC可有效抑制H22肝癌的生长,促进小鼠胸腺和脾脏的生长发育,提高小鼠的免疫功能,从而抑制肿瘤的生长.     

三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响

探索三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响。将60只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、三叶青黄酮高、中、低剂量组(100、50、25 mg/mL)各10只。连续干预14天后,检测各组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、移植瘤组织凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达,检测外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)比例。结果显示,与模型组比,三叶青黄酮高中剂量组胸腺指数、脾脏指数和移植瘤组织凋亡率升高(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞所占比例降低(P<0.05)。综上,三叶青黄酮可降低荷Lewis肺癌小鼠Treg细胞比例,提高免疫功能,诱导移植瘤组织凋亡。     

太子参参须提取物对免疫抑制小鼠免疫保护作用的研究

本试验旨在研究太子参参须提取物(RPFRE)对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫保护作用。选取3～4周龄,体重20±2 g的KM雄性小鼠,随机分为对照(CK)组、环磷酰胺(CY)模型组、黄芪多糖(APS)组、RPFRE低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。第1～14天,CK组、CY组小鼠灌服双蒸水;APS组小鼠灌服200 mg/kg黄芪多糖;RPFRE低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别灌胃100、200、400 mg/kg太子参参须提取物;第15～17天,CK组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水、其他五组小鼠腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺。第18天采样,碳粒廓清法检测小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力;ELISA法检测细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ)的含量;免疫比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)及补体(C_3和C_4)含量。结果显示,与模型组相比,RPFRE高剂量能显著升高小鼠脾脏指数和肝指数(P0.01),增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬能力(P0.05),促进脾淋巴细胞增殖(P0.01),促进细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ分泌(P0.01,P0.05),升高免疫球蛋白细胞IgA、IgM、IgG和补体C_3和C_4(P0.01)含量。上述结果表明,RPFRE能拮抗CY所致的脾脏、胸腺和肝脏的萎缩,提高免疫器官指数;高浓度RPFRE能干预CY损伤,维持巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,促进T淋巴细胞增殖,拮抗CY造成的免疫球蛋白和补体分泌水平降低,从而对免疫抑制小鼠发挥免疫保护作用。     

芪胶升白胶囊联合环磷酰胺对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠增效减毒作用研究

本文探讨芪胶升白胶囊(QSC)与环磷酰胺(CTX)联合应用对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠的增效减毒作用。造荷S_(180)肿瘤小鼠模型,60只荷瘤小鼠随机分为5组:模型组,CTX(30 mg/kg)组,CTX+QSC低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg)组。每日测量小鼠体重和肿瘤体积,分别连续给药15 d后,测小鼠血细胞计数,脏器指数和抑瘤率,HE染色法观察肿瘤组织形态,Annexin V/PI双染流式术测定肿瘤组织细胞的凋亡率。实验结果显示与CTX组比较,联合用药各剂量组的小鼠肿瘤体积均较小,抑瘤率以及肿瘤细胞凋亡率均有提高,胸腺、脾脏指数也较高,联合用药高剂量组白细胞计数增高统计学意义显著(P0.01),镜下观察肿瘤组织坏死明显,表明QSC与CTX联合使用对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠有一定的增效减毒作用。     

Celecoxib抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤淋巴管生成的作用机制及量效关系

目的:COX-2过度表达及淋巴管的生成与肺癌早期转移、不良预后密切相关。观察不同剂量COX-2特异性抑制剂Celecoxib对Lewis肺癌移植瘤生长、COX-2、VEGF-C表达和微淋巴管生成影响,探讨Celecoxib对Lewis肺癌移植瘤淋巴管生成可能作用机制及量效关系。方法:将Lewis肺癌细胞株接种于C57BL/6小鼠左侧腹股沟皮下建立移植瘤模型,随机分为4组:对照组、塞来昔布低剂量(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)、中剂量(90 mg·kg-1·d-1)、高剂量(180 mg·kg-1·d-1)组。观察荷瘤小鼠生存状态,瘤体积变化,计算抑瘤率,种瘤42天后牺牲小鼠,切取移植瘤组织,免疫组化染色检测COX-2、VEGF-C表达及微淋巴管密度(Lymphatic microvessel density,LMVD)。结果:塞来昔布低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为13.3%、46.8%和56.3%。塞来昔布高、中剂量组较对照组抑瘤作用明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但低剂量组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组织化学染色结果分析显示:塞来昔布高、中剂量组COX-2、VEGF-C的表达水平及微淋巴管密度均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),低剂量组略有减低但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑制程度呈明显的剂量依赖性。结论:塞来昔布抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤的生长及淋巴转移,可能与下调COX-2的表达,减少VEGF-C的产生,抑制微淋巴管生成有关,该抑制作用呈一定的剂量相关性,为抗肺癌早期淋巴转移,改善患者预后的药物研发提供了一定的实验基础。     

板蓝根多糖体内抗肿瘤作用与免疫功能调节实验研究

本研究主要探讨板蓝根多糖(RIP)对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及其对免疫功能的影响。通过建立S180小鼠移植瘤和腹水瘤模型,以环磷酰胺(CTX)为阳性对照药,观察RIP对其的影响。连续给药12 d后,测定移植瘤小鼠的瘤重,计算肿瘤生长抑制率和胸腺、脾脏指数;检测脾淋巴细胞的转化功能和NK细胞杀伤活性以及血清中的TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-2水平;并对肿瘤组织进行HE染色和细胞周期分析;对进行相同给药周期的腹水瘤小鼠继续正常饲养,记录各组小鼠自然死亡的时间。结果显示,不同剂量的RIP均可明显抑制小鼠肿瘤的生长,其100 mg/kg和50 mg/kg剂量组的抑瘤率分别为35.4%,38.5%;各剂量组移植瘤小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数与对照组比较有所提高,还能刺激脾淋巴细胞的转化及增强NK细胞的杀伤活性,升高血清中TNF-α、INF-γ和IL-2的含量,其50 mg/kg组与模型对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.01)。此外,移植瘤组织HE染色观察可见各给药组肿瘤组织坏死面积呈不同比例增大,流式细胞仪检测出给药后G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞比例降低,G_2/M期细胞周期未见明显变化。由此提示,RIP能够增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,对荷瘤小鼠具有抗肿瘤作用,能延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间。     

扶正化积方对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠化疗的增效减毒作用

目的:研究扶正化积方对H22荷瘤小鼠化疗的增效减毒作用。方法:建立小鼠皮下H22移植性肝癌模型,随机分为4组:模型对照组、FZHJF组(40.95g/kg)、5-氟尿嘧啶组(5-FU)(0.2 m L/10g)和联合给药组(FZHJF+5-FU),连续给药12 d后,采集肿瘤与脏器称重并计算抑瘤率、肝脏指数、脾脏指数和胸腺指数;并对各组肿瘤外观和肿瘤病理进行分析。结果:肿瘤病理结果显示均为典型的肝细胞癌。与模型对照组比较,其余三组瘤重均显著减小(P0.05);而联合用药组的瘤重显著小于5-FU组和FZHJF组(P0.05),肿瘤外观图也显示联合给药组瘤块小于FZHJF组和5-FU组。扶正化积方单独使用的抑瘤率为40.5%,联合5-FU后,抑瘤率达到66.7%,大于两者合并用药后的理论相加效应值65.6%;与5-FU组比较,FZHJF组与联合用药组的体质量显著增加(P0.05),FZHJF组与联合用药组的胸腺指数与脾脏指数均显著高于模型对照组和5-FU组(P0.05)。结论:扶正化积方对H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠的化疗具有增效和减毒双重作用。     

6种“桑黄”石油醚提取物的体内抗肿瘤活性

对6种＂桑黄＂的石油醚提取物进行了抗肿瘤体内试验,测定其对H22荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率、免疫器官指数、免疫因子含量和生存率的影响。试验结果表明：粗毛纤孔菌、鲍姆木层孔菌、火木层孔菌和瓦宁木层孔菌的石油醚提取物高、低剂量（100,50 mg/kg）以及黑壳目层孔菌石油醚提取物高剂量（100 mg/kg）对肿瘤均具有一定抑制作用,抑瘤率均〉40%;瓦宁木层孔菌石油醚提取物低剂量组（50 mg/kg）的抑瘤效果最佳,为76.82%,其脾指数、胸腺指数均明显高于阳性组（P〈0.01）,IL 2的含量也明显高于对照组和阳性组,能延长小鼠的生存期;椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌石油醚提取物也具有一定的抑瘤效果,高、低剂量（100,50 mg/kg）抑瘤率分别为39.30%和36.17%。     

大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤增效作用研究

目的 从免疫学角度研究大豆多糖对环磷酰胺的减毒增效作用及其机制.方法 选用昆明种小鼠80只,随机分为阴性对照;大豆多糖(SSPS)组:50、100、200 mg/(kg· d);阳性对照:环磷酰胺(CP) 25 mg/(kg·d);大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺组:(1)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS mg/(kg·d)、(2)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS 100 mg/(kg·d)、(3)CP25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS200 mg/(kg·d);0.2 mL/只,腋下接种S180,腹腔给药,连续给药10d.测定大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠瘤重、胸腺指数、脾指数的影响,ELISA法检测S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中细胞因子IL-2含量的影响.结果 大豆多糖能够抑制S180荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其抑瘤率分别为24.10％、35.39％和39.75％,与环磷酰胺合用后其抑瘤率为89.87％、91.91％和92.63％(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),q值0.99 ～1.00,具有协同作用;且合用后提高了环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数;并促进S180荷瘤小鼠分泌IL-2.结论 大豆多糖通过增加荷瘤小鼠免疫功能而减轻环磷酰胺对机体的毒副反应,增强其抗肿瘤作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.