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本文提出了一种基于非线性热扩散效应的光声二次谐波显微SH-PAM成像技术,用于实现亚衍射极限光声成像。生物组织受到强度调制的高斯激光束辐射时,组织吸收光子形成高斯分布的温度场,由于热扩散系数非线性热效应引起的非线性光声PA效应,从而产生光声二次谐波信号。模拟和试验结果均表明,重建后的光声二次谐波成像的横向分辨率超过了传统光学成像分辨率。本文通过仿体样品验证了该方法的可行性,并且对人表层皮肤细胞进行了成像,以证明其对生物样品的成像能力。该方法扩展了传统光声成像的范围,为超分辨成像开辟了新的可能性,为生物医学成像和材料检测提供了新的方法。 相似文献
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基于样品及点源光声信号逆卷积的光声成像方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
光声成像是一种新的生物组织成像方法,在目前的光声成像中,都是通过样品光声信号和超声探测器的脉冲响应来计算样品光吸收的投影,但是由于无法获得超声探测器较准确的脉冲响应,影响重建图像质量。提出一种新的计算样品光吸收投影的方法,从理论上给出了样品光吸收投影和样品及点源光声信号的关系,由样品及点源光声信号的逆卷积可直接计算样品光吸收的投影,点源光声信号通过聚焦入射激光直接测得。试验结果显示,重建图像和样品的相对位置、形状及尺寸完全吻合,成像系统空间分辨率达到0.3mm,证明这是一种有效的光声成像方法。 相似文献
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针对目前光声内窥成像中常用的基于压电陶瓷的中空聚焦超声换能器制作工艺复杂、定制费用高的问题,本文利用PVDF压电薄膜声阻抗低、频响宽、易于加工等优点,以及环氧树脂介于PVDF和生物组织的声阻抗特性,制作了一款基于110μm PVDF压电薄膜的中空声透镜聚焦超声换能器。声场测试实验表明,该换能器纵向分辨率为0.22 mm,焦点处横向分辨率约为0.65 mm,和理论设计值相符。随后又利用多模光纤和宽带介质膜反射镜,通过仿体实验对其内窥成像效果进行了初步验证。相比于基于压电陶瓷的聚焦超声换能器,本方案极大的降低了内窥光声成像中所需的中空聚焦超声换能器的设计和制作成本,方便了实验室条件下内窥光声系统的开发。 相似文献
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骨坏死是骨科临床常见的疾病,严重地影响人类健康及生存质量,临床研究表明骨坏死治疗效果取决该病的早期诊断.X线成像、计算机断层摄影(CT)及同位素骨扫描等一些传统的检查方法难以对骨坏死进行早期诊断,即使应用核磁共振成像(MRI)检测也存在很大的局限性,所以寻求一种简单易行、无创、价廉的早期诊断骨坏死的方法具有重要临床意义.光声层析成像是近年来发展起来的新技术,对哺乳动物组织可产生高对比、高分辨率影像.为探讨光声层析成像对骨坏死早期诊断的可行性,应用脉冲激光产生的光声成像技术对早期动物股骨头坏死模型及人股骨头坏死标本进行图像重建分析,实验结果显示,重建图像和股骨头坏死标本的部位、形状及尺寸完全吻合,成像系统空间分辨率为0.3 mm,表明光声层析成像技术有望成为一种有效的诊断早期骨坏死的新方法. 相似文献
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目的 声聚焦光声内窥成像具有成像深度大的优点,是一种非常有前景的功能成像技术,该技术被广泛应用于直肠、食道等内窥成像中。声聚焦光声内窥成像通常采用基于单个聚焦超声传感器的侧向扫描方式,同时采用传统的B扫描方法进行重建,会大大降低图像质量。为了获得高质量的图像,本文提出了几种动态聚焦的声聚焦光声内窥成像算法。方法 本文使用几种动态聚焦算法进行了数值仿真,并搭建系统进行了仿体实验验证,从横向分辨率和信噪比等多方面比较了各算法在动态聚焦中的成像效果。结果 相比B扫描方法,动态聚焦后的图像在离焦区域的横向分辨率与信噪比方面都有提升,仿真模拟中最高可将离焦区域的成像目标分辨率提升约26倍,其信噪比经动态聚焦后最高可提高2.3倍左右,实验中的远距离点目标经动态聚焦重建后分辨率提升3~6倍。结论 整体而言,基于时空响应的算法和合成孔径聚焦重建算法是在实验条件下更为适用的算法。本工作对后续的声聚焦光声内窥成像的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献
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光声成像及其在生物医学中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
光声成像是一种新近迅速发展起来、基于生物组织内部光学吸收差异、以超声作媒介的无损生物光子成像方法,它结合了纯光学成像的高对比度特性和纯超声成像的高穿透深度特性的优点,以超声探测器探测光声波代替光学成像中的光子检测,从原理上避开了光学散射的影响,可以提供高对比度和高分辨率的组织影像,为研究生物组织的结构形态、生理特征、代谢功能、病理特征等提供了重要手段,在生物医学临床诊断以及在体组织结构和功能成像领域具有广泛的应用前景.对光声成像技术的机理、光声成像技术和方法、光声图像重建算法以及光声成像在生物医学上的应用情况作一个简单介绍,希望有助于推动我国在该领域的科研和开发应用工作的迅速发展. 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献