狭翅夜蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)

本文记述狭翅夜蛾属一新种,新种的模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所 大狭翅夜Hermonassa gigantea新种(图1) 翅展38毫米。头部与胸、部棕色,颈板近基部有一白弧线,其下有黑点,颈板中部另有一白弧线;腹部褐色;前翅红褐色,大部带有黑色,基线双线黑色,直线内斜,线间浅黄色,内线双线黑色,在亚前缘脉处成一齿,线间浅黄色,剑纹长,梭形,黑色黄边,环纹大,近三角形,内、外端尖,肾纹大,黑色黄边,外线双线黑色,不规则波浪     

狭翅夜蛾属新种记述(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)

本文记述狭翅夜蛾属4新种,全部采自西藏。新种的模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 1.明狭翅夜蛾 Hermonassa nitella 新种 翅展35mm。头部与胸部黄褐色,颈板基部杂有黑色;腹部褐色;前翅黄褐色,基线双线黑色,二齿形自前缘至1脉,内线双线黑色,波浪形,剑纹黑色,淡黄边,外端尖,环纹大扁圆形,黑色黄边,内外侧另有黑色弧形纹,肾纹短肥,半圆形,黑色黄边,内侧另有黑色弧     

杀虫剂对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力研究

室内浸叶法试验表明,三种害虫中斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾对供试杀虫剂的敏感程度一般比甜菜夜蛾高。灭虫灵对小菜蛾有很高的潜力,LC50为0．09mg/L,甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾对灭虫灵敏度程度较低,LC50在150mg/L左右。除尽对甜菜夜蛾,毒死蜱对斜纹夜蛾毒力最高,LC50分别为1．48mg/L和0．49mg/L,除尽、锐劲特、抑太保对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾都具有很高的毒力,可作为兼治这三种害虫的首选品种。     

中国委夜蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目,夜蛾科,木冬夜蛾亚科)

通过对西藏夜蛾科标本的研究发现委夜蛾属2新种,墨脱委夜蛾Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.和汉密委夜蛾Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.。文中提供西藏地区委夜蛾属的分种检索表和新种特征图及新种的详细描述。模式标本保存在东北林业大学标本室。墨脱委夜蛾,新种Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.(图1,3,5,7)本种外部形态上与条委夜蛾相似,仅前翅基部、内横线区、外横线区、外缘区和中横线暗褐色。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突宽短;抱器端窄而圆;抱器背延伸发达,超过抱器腹缘,末端较细;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/4处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片脊部短而宽,中部平滑,下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,略呈V形;阳茎逐渐弯曲,在末端着生有硬化的齿,龙骨稍硬化且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,在角状突带的起始部位着生有5个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏墨脱,海拔2100m,2005-08-24~26,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1012。副模:5♂♂,3♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1011。词源:以新种模式产地命名。汉密委夜蛾,新种Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.(图2,4,6,8)本种外部形态上与A.suffusa(Yoshimoto,1994)相似,仅前翅红褐色明显。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突相对大一些;抱器端宽而平直;抱器背延伸发达,末端较细,在抱器腹缘末端伸出;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/5处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片较大,脊部长而宽,中下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,呈明显的V形;阳茎逐渐变细,龙骨硬化重且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,具有1个小角状突,在角状突带的起始部位着生有6个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏汉密,海拔2000m,2005-08-19~23,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1017。副模:4♂♂,6♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1016。词源:以新种模式产地命名。     

谢丽思夜蛾雄性描记

谢丽思夜蛾Autographa schalisema(Hampson,1913)隶属金翅夜蛾亚科Plusiinae,迄今仅知雌虫。本文首次描记采自重庆的雄虫,拍摄了雄虫整体图和外生殖器照片。     

夜蛾科卵的分类(二)

本文记述了14种夜蛾的卵。注明每种产卵日期,形状,尺寸,颜色,精孔区的形态特征,卵孔数目,纵脊与横脊的数目,小室的形状与斑纹,气孔的位置与形状,以及卵的腹面的细微构造[1-6]。     

苇锹额夜蛾和黑纹锹额夜蛾生物学特性及防治

苇额夜蛾ArchanaraphragmiticolaSta－udinger和黑纹锹额夜蛾ArchanaraneuricaHubner在山东南部于60年代末发现,自70年代起已成为全省芦苇的主要钻蛀性害虫。据调查,淄博市马踏湖芦苇被害株率25％～40％,严重的达96．8％。芦苇幼苗被害形成枯苗,植株被害遇风易折,损失严重。南起上海崇明岛,北至辽宁盘锦地区,东至黄河三角洲均有两害虫危害。我们从1990年起对两害虫进行了观察和研究,现将结果报告如下。1形态特征1．1苇锹额夜蛾成虫：全体灰褐色,雄蛾体长14～16mm,翅展28～30mm;雌蛾体长15～18mm,翅展30～32mm。头小,喙不发达…     

夜蛾科卵的分类(三)

本文记述了13种夜蛾卵的形态,从不同方向的电镜照片显示出它们的形状和分类特征。     

Segmented genome: elementary units of genome structure

Numerous observations, measurements and calculations strongly indicate that both eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes are built as linear arrays of units of rather uniform size, about 400 base pairs. The units are likely to correspond to early individual genes that existed, presumably, in form of DNA circles. Their combinatorial fusion resulted eventually in formation of the early segmented genomes. The segmented structure of the genomes is, apparently, still maintained by some structural selection pressures. Some of the units can be recognized in the sequences by characteristic sequence motifs at the borders of the units. Identification and characterization of the units, their mapping on the genomes should become an important prerequisite of genome comparisons and genome evolution studies.     

Rice genome organization: the centromere and genome interactions

Over the last decade, many varied resources have become available for genome studies in rice. These resources include over 4000 DNA markers, several bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, P-1 derived artificial chromosome (PAC) libraries and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries (genomic DNA clones, filters and end-sequences), retrotransposon tagged lines, and many chemical and irradiated mutant lines. Based on these, high-density genetic maps, cereal comparative maps, YAC and BAC physical maps, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) maps have been constructed, and 93 % of the genome has also been sequenced. These data have revealed key features of the genetic and physical structure of the rice genome and of the evolution of cereal chromosomes. This Botanical Briefing examines aspects of how the rice genome is organized structurally, functionally and evolutionarily. Emphasis is placed on the rice centromere, which is composed of long arrays of centromere-specific repetitive sequences. Differences and similarities amongst various cereal centromeres are detailed. These indicate essential features of centromere function. Another view of various kinds of interactive relationships within and between genomes, which could play crucial roles in genome organization and evolution, is also introduced. Constructed genetic and physical maps indicate duplication of chromosomal segments and spatial association between specific chromosome regions. A genome-wide survey of interactive genetic loci has identified various reproductive barriers that may drive speciation of the rice genome. The significance of these findings in genome organization and evolution is discussed.     

Bacterial genome mapper: A comparative bacterial genome mapping tool

Recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to a revolutionary increase in sequencing speed and costefficacy. Consequently, a vast number of contigs from many recently sequenced bacterial genomes remain to be accurately mapped and annotated, requiring the development of more convenient bioinformatics programs. In this paper, we present a newly developed web-based bioinformatics program, Bacterial Genome Mapper, which is suitable for mapping and annotating contigs that have been assembled from bacterial genome sequence raw data. By constructing a multiple alignment map between target contig sequences and two reference bacterial genome sequences, this program also provides very useful comparative genomics analysis of draft bacterial genomes. AVAILABILITY: The database is available for free at http://mbgm.kribb.re.kr.     

Conditioned genome reconstruction: how to avoid choosing the conditioning genome

Genome phylogenies can be inferred from data on the presence and absence of genes across taxa. Logdet distances may be a good method, because they allow expected genome size to vary across the tree. Recently, Lake and Rivera proposed conditioned genome reconstruction (calculation of logdet distances using only those genes present in a conditioning genome) to deal with unobservable genes that are absent from every taxon of interest. We prove that their method can consistently estimate the topology for almost any choice of conditioning genome. Nevertheless, the choice of conditioning genome is important for small samples. For real bacterial genome data, different choices of conditioning genome can result in strong bootstrap support for different tree topologies. To overcome this problem, we developed supertree methods that combine information from all choices of conditioning genome. One of these methods, based on the BIONJ algorithm, performs well on simulated data and may have applications to other supertree problems. However, an analysis of 40 bacterial genomes using this method supports an incorrect clade of parasites. This is a common feature of model-based gene content methods and is due to parallel gene loss.     

Meeting highlights: genome informatics

We bring you the highlights of the second Joint Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Wellcome Trust 'Genome Informatics' Conference, organized by Ewan Birney, Suzanna Lewis and Lincoln Stein. There were sessions on in silico data discovery, comparative genomics, annotation pipelines, functional genomics and integrative biology. The conference included a keynote address by Sydney Brenner, who was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (jointly with John Sulston and H. Robert Horvitz) a month later.     

GENESIS: genome evolution scenarios

Summary: We implemented a software tool called GENESIS for threedifferent genome rearrangement problems: Sorting a unichromosomalgenome by weighted reversals and transpositions (SwRT), sortinga multichromosomal genome by reversals, translocations, fusionsand fissions (SRTl), and sorting a multichromosomal genome byweighted reversals, translocations, fusions, fissions and transpositions(SwRTTl). Availability: Source code can be obtained by the authors, oruse the web interface http://www.uni-ulm.de/in/theo/research/genesis.html Contact: simon.gog{at}uni-ulm.de Associate Editor: Chris Stoeckert