植物的诱导抗病性

植物的诱导抗病性洪剑明邱泽生柴晓清（首都师范大学生物系,北京１０００３７）ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＤＩＳＥＡＳＥＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＨｏｎｇＪｉａｎ－ｍｉｎｇＱｉｕＺｅ－ｓｈｅｎｇＣｈａｉＸｉａｏ－ｑｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇ...     

植物的抗病性

每一个从事农艺的工作者都能遇见大量的植物病原菌,但是人们很少了解植物抵抗这些真菌,细菌,病毒和放线菌感染的特殊机制。其中最主要的是植物具有“先天的免疫系统”,即通过植物体中抗病基因（Ｒ）编码的可能受体与病原菌相互识别来实现的。然后引起一系列的细胞反应...     

植物诱导抗病性

本文概述植物诱导抗病性的概念、研究概况、特性和机理。     

植物病原细菌无毒基因与植物抗病性

植物诱导的防卫反应种类繁多 ,其中包括活性氧水平升高、植物抗毒素 (ｐｈｙｔｏａｌｅｘ ｉｎ)的生物合成、水解酶类和抑制蛋白的释放 ,以及超过敏性反应 (ｈｙｐｅｒｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｒｅ ｓｐｏｎｓｅ ,ＨＲ)等。ＨＲ被认为是植物对病原体抗性的一种普遍表现形式 ,是病原菌无毒基因 (ａｖｉｒｕｌｅｎｃｅｇｅｎｅ,简称ａｖｒ基因 )产生的诱导剂与植物抗性基因 (ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｇｅｎｅ ,Ｒ基因)产生的受体之间相互识别的结果。ａｖｒ基因是植物病原体中决定对带有相应抗病基因的寄主植物特异的不亲和无毒性基因。Ｓｔａｓｋａｕ…     

Elicitins与植物的抗病性

Elicitins是一类分子量约为 10kD的小分子蛋白激发子 ,由Phytophthora和Pythium两个属的植物病原卵菌胞外分泌产生 ,在烟草上引起过敏性反应 (hypersensitiveresponse,HR)和系统获得抗病性 (systemicacquiredresistance ,SAR)。文中从Elicitins结构与功能、生物学意义、基因表达调控 ,Elicitins在植物上诱发的信号传导和转Elicitins基因的抗病基因工程5个方面概述了E     

植物抗病性物质的研究进展

植物与病原菌相互作用后在植物体内会产生抗性物质。植物的抗病性物质包括两大类 :植物固有的抗菌物质和植物保卫素。本文就近年来对植物抗病性物质的化学组成、生物合成、代谢途径方面的研究进行了综述。     

植物抗病性物质的研究进展

植物与病原菌相互作用后在植物体内会产生抗性物质。植物的抗病性物质包括两大类：植物固有的抗菌物质和植物保卫素。本文就近年来对植物抗病性物质的化学组成、生物合成、代谢途径方面的研究进行了综述。     

植物诱导抗病性及应用前景

就植物诱导抗病性的概念、防御反应及功能事件和信号传导应用前景作了简单的总结。     

壳聚糖调节植物生长发育及诱发植物抗病性研究进展

综述了壳聚糖在调节植物生长发育和诱导植物抗病性方面所起的重要作用及其可能的作用机制。壳聚糖对植物氨同化关键酶具有明显的生理调节功能,可以提高植物同化NH4 的能力,有利于蛋白质的生物合成与积累,改善植物的营养品质及园艺性状;并能迅速激发植物的防卫反应,启动植物的防御系统,有效地提高植物的抗病性。同时通过壳聚糖结合蛋白的分离、纯化及其生化特性的研究为进一步确定壳聚糖的作用机制奠定了基础。     

Map-based cloning of the tomato genomic region that spans the Sw-5 tospovirus resistance gene in tomato

Two yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing genomic DNA from tomato have been isolated using CT220, an RFLP marker which is tightly linked to the tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene, Sw-5. High-resolution mapping of the YAC ends and internal YAC probes demonstrated that one of the YAC clones, TY257 (400 kb), spans Sw-5. By chromosome walking in a cosmid library, the position of Sw-5 has been delimited within the YAC to a maximal chromosomal segment of 100 kb, spanned by nine overlapping cosmid clones. Received: 13 March 1997 / Accepted: 11 may 1997     

利用转基因技术培育抗病虫水稻进展中的问题与对策

近年来,转基因技术在水稻抗病、虫育种的研究得到广泛开展。人们利用转基因手段,已获得一批对病、虫害有一定抗性的水稻植株。并利用这些抗性植株转育得到了一批具有应用潜力的籼、粳稻栽培品系。但要将这些品系真正应用于商品化生产仍有一段距离。针对国内外在这一领域的研究进展作一简单介绍,并就水稻抗虫、抗病分子育种中存在的问题发表一些看法,同时提出解决这些问题的初步思路。     

Interaction of cryptogein with its binding sites in tobacco plasma membrane studied using the piezoelectric biosensor

Elicitins are low-molecular-weight proteins representing the elicitor family secreted by many species of the oomycete Phytophthora. Elicitins induce a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco, a process that is triggered by binding of elicitin to the high-affinity site on the plasma membrane. Specific interaction of cryptogein with the binding sites on tobacco plasma membranes was studied using the piezoelectric biosensor in real time in a flow-through mode. Cryptogeins (wild-type and mutant forms) were covalently immobilized on the sensing surface, and membrane vesicles containing receptors were in solution. Kinetic characterization of the interaction provided values of kinetic rate association (k_a) = 5.74 · 10⁶ M¹ s⁻¹ and kinetic rate dissociation (k_d) = 6.87 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ constants, respectively. The kinetic equilibrium dissociation constant was calculated as K_D = 12.0 nM. The piezoelectric biosensor appeared to be a convenient tool for studying interactions of receptors embedded in membrane vesicles.     

宠物抗病育种

宠物的抗病育种研究具有重要的意义,本文对开展抗病育种的必要性、宠物免疫抗病系统、疾病抗性遗传机制、免疫反应的遗传控制、宠物抗病常规育种、宠物抗病分子育种以及抗病育种方法的现状、存在的问题、展望进行了介绍。说明了对疾病抗性的选择有一个坚实基础。抗病育种是控制疾病的有效方法,应用前景美好。     

A linkage map of diploid Avena based on RFLP loci and a locus conferring resistance to nine isolates of Puccinia coronata var. ‘avenae’

An F₂ oat population was produced by crossing the diploid (n=7) species Avena strigosa (CI 3815) with A. wiestii (CI 1994), resistant and susceptible, respectively, to 40 isolates of Puccinia coronata, the causal agent of crown rust. Eighty-eight F₂ individuals were used to construct an RFLP linkage map representing the A genome of cultivated hexaploid oat. Two hundred and eight RFLP loci have been placed into 10 linkage groups. This map covers 2416 cM, with an average of 12 cM between RFLP loci. Eighty-eight F₃ lines, derived from F₂ individuals used to construct the map, were screened for resistance to 9 isolates of P. coronata. One locus, Pca, was found to confer a dominant resistance phenotype to isolates 203, 258, 263, 264B, 290, 298, 325A, and 345. Pca also conferred resistance to isolate 276; however, an unlinked second gene may also be involved.Journal Paper No. 15143 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 3134 and 2447     

Isolation and linkage mapping of NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs in red raspberry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rubus idaeus</Emphasis> L.) and classification among 270 Rosaceae NBS-LRR genes

Plant R genes confer resistance to pathogens in a gene-for-gene mode. Seventy-five putative resistance gene analogs (RGAs) containing conserved domains were cloned from Rubus idaeus L. cv. ‘Latham’ using degenerate primers based on RGAs identified in Rosaceae species. The sequences were compared to 195 RGA sequences identified from five Rosaceae family genera. Multiple sequence alignments showed high similarity at multiple nucleotide-binding site (NBS) motifs with homology to Drosophila Toll and mammalian interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) and non-TIR RNBSA-A motifs. The TIR sequences clustered separately from the non-TIR sequences with a bootstrap value of 76%. There were 11 clusters each of TIR and non-TIR type sequences of multiple genera with bootstrap values of more than 50%, including nine with values of more than 75% and seven of more than 90%. Polymorphic sequence characterized amplified region and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for nine Rubus RGA sequences with eight placed on a red raspberry genetic linkage map. Phylogenetic analysis indicated four of the mapped sequences share sequence similarity to groupTIR I, while three others were spread in non-TIR groups. Of the 75 Rubus RGA sequences analyzed, members were placed in five TIR groups and six non-TIR groups. These group classifications closely matched those in 12 of 13 studies from which these sequences were derived. The analysis of related DNA sequences within plant families elucidates the evolutionary relationship and process involved in pest resistance development in plants. This information will aid in the understanding of R genes and their proliferation within plant genomes. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

植物抗病基因克隆的进展

抗病基因是抗病分子生物学和抗病育种的基因,本文介绍了近几年植物抗病基因克隆的进展,抗病基因克隆的新策略以及抗病基因结构特点与抗病机制的研究进展,讨论了抗病基因克隆的应用前景。     

苯并恶唑嗪酮类化合物功能与生物合成研究进展

苯并恶唑嗪酮(benzoxazinoids,BXs)是植物体内一种重要的次生代谢物,因其具有防御作用和化感作用得到了广泛的关注和研究。随着基因组学及分子生物学的发展,苯并恶唑嗪酮的生物合成在分子领域的研究取得了很大的进展。介绍了苯并恶唑嗪酮概况、苯并恶唑嗪酮的功能以及苯并恶唑嗪酮生物合成参与基因及表达调控。     

寄生疫霉parA1基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据已报道的寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica)parA1基因的序列设计引物,从4株寄生疫霉中国菌株(3株来自烟草,1株来自刺槐)中克隆到此基因并进行了重组表达。序列分析表明4株寄生疫霉parA1基因序列高度保守。对表达载体pET30a(+)双酶切,构建表达Parasiticein蛋白的表达载体pETeli,用CaCl-2法转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21,通过诱导在大肠杆菌中进行非融合表达,表达产物在烟草上引起过敏性反应。性质测定表明,表达产物有一定的耐热性,并对蛋白酶K敏感。