New species and records of Neotropical Cardiocladius Kieffer, 1912 (Diptera: Chironomidae,Orthocladiinae)

Cardiocladius moreloensis sp. n. is described and figured based on adult males collected in Morelos State in Mexico. Males of C. brasiliensis Oliveira, 1949 and C. travassosi Oliveira, 1951 are redescribed and figured based on new material from São Paulo State in Brazil. The generic diagnosis is expanded, and a key to the males of the Neotropical Cardiocladius species is presented.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EE8B2267-3362-4A1F-BED6-0A1E35D7D480     

A new genus and species of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) with wood-mining larvae

Abstract  Xylochironomus kakadu , a new genus and species of wood-mining chironomid, is described from northern Australia. Formerly known by a code 'unknown genus K1', the larvae mine soft immersed timber in tropical Australia. The basal striae on the larval mandible are observed otherwise only in Chironomus Meigen and likely close relatives currently placed in Einfeldia Kieffer. The adult male could key as a tanytarsine, and all stages superficially resemble Polypedilum Kieffer, except for the bare squama and the non-tapered male tergite VIII, and the dorsal larval head sclerites. However, analyses of a morphological data matrix derived from all life history stages support no such relationships. Instead, a relationship to Paralauterborniella Lenz and Apedilum Townes, and at one remove, to Fissimentum Cranston & Nolte and Imparipecten Kieffer is postulated. Larval wood-mining among the early branching Chironomini is evidently frequent, but taxa appear not to form a monophyletic clade.     

中国北摇蚊属一新纪录种——长毛北摇蚊

本文记述了寡脉摇蚊亚科北摇蚊属一中国新纪录种--长毛北摇蚊Boreochlus longicoxalsetosus Koba-yashi et Suzuki,2000.文中给出了详细描述和特征附图.该种可借生殖节下附器远端表面上有两根显著且长的刚毛而与本属其他已知种相区别.     

New species and records of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str. from China (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Chinese species of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str., 1874 is reviewed. M. (M.) calcaneum sp. n. is described and illustrated as adult male. M. (M.) albolineatus (Meigen) is recorded from China for the first time. M. (M.) beringensis (Cranston & Oliver), M. (M.) bilobatus Makarchenko & Makarchenko, M. (M.) caudigus Sæther, M. (M.) intergerivus Sæther, M. (M.) tamaokui Sasa and M. (M.) tristellus Edwards are recorded from the Oriental Region for the first time. A key to the males of 17 Chinese Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) species is given.     

New species of Oukuriella (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica

The males of three new species of Oukuriella Epler are described from Costa Rica. The genus had been previously recorded only from South America. Oukuriella annamae sp. nov. has genitalia similar to O. albistyla Epler, but differs in having transverse bands on abdominal segments In, IV, VI and VII, a lower AR, no humeral setae and fewer dorsocentral setae. Oukuriella costaricense sp. nov. differs from other described species in the genus by its brown abdomen, unnotched posterior margin of tergite IX and distinctive superior volsella, with its sharply bent, thin upper arm directed medially, and digitus small and directed caudad. Oukuriella rushi sp. nov. has apices of femora tipped with brown, a brown abdomen and distinctive superior volsella, with upper arm shorter and broader, and digitus longer then O. costaricense. The female of Oukuriella costaricense is also described. This is the first female described for the genus. Based on male and female genitalia, Oukuriella is closely related to Epedilum Townes and Zavreliella Kieffer. A key is provided to separate the males of the six described species.     

Adult female of Chaetocladius insolitus Caspers, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae) with notes on species distribution

The adult female of Chaetocladius insolitus Caspers, 1987 (Diptera, Chironomidae) is described and discussed in the context of the generic diagnosis of adult females of the genus Chaetocladius Kieffer, 1911. In addition, distributional notes on this rare chironomid species are included.     

New species and records of Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer from China (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Chinese species of Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer are reviewed. Two species, Parametriocnemus fortissp. n. and Parametriocnemus vittatussp. n. are described and illustrated as males, and Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer), Parametriocnemus scotti (Freeman) and Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay & Chaudhuri are recorded from China for the first time. A key to the males of the seven Chinese Parametriocnemus speciesis given.     

A New Hairy-Winged Pseudorthocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Luxemburg

Pseudorthocladius cristagus sp. n. is described as male imago. It differs from all other members of the genus Pseudorthocladius v. d. Wulp except P. pilosipennis Brundin by having setae on the wing membrane. It can be separated from P. pilosipennis by having a gonostylus with a prominent crista dorsalis and an outer corner or heel. The species was collected with emergence traps from a helocrene spring in northern Luxemburg.     

Bathymetric distribution of some Chironomidae (Diptera) in Rutland Water

The bathymetric distribution of the eight most abundant taxa of chironomid larvae is described from benthic grab samples collected in Rutland Water from May 1977 to April 1979. Cricotopus, Psectrocladius and Endochironomus larvae were generally restricted to water less than 9 m deep. Procladius, Chironomus, Microtendipes, Polypedilum and Tanytarsini larvae were all recorded at depths down to 25 m. However, the highest population densities of the latter five taxa were recorded in shallow water. The results are discussed in relation to the diet of trout and certain management practices at the reservoir. Also described is the application of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to the analysis of these data.     

Two unusual Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australian rainforest streams: One new genus and a neotropical genus new for the region

Two genera of chironomine Chironomidae are reported: Anuncotendipes , gen. n., type species Anuncotendipes australotropicus sp. n. and included Anuncotendipes kakadu sp. n., and Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss and Fittkau as new to Australia for the species Nandeva fittkaui sp. n. The pupa and adults are known for each genus, but the larvae only for Anuncotendipes . The female of Nandeva is described for the first time. Pupal exuviae of both genera occur in smaller streams in the wet tropics of Far North Queensland, and A. kakadu is lotic in the Northern Territory. Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Chironominae at generic level suggests that Anuncotendipes is a sister genus to Rheomus in the Harnischia -complex of genera. Nandeva shows convergent resemblance to the tribe Tanytarsini, but more likely belongs to an austral radiation of Chironomini including Nilodosis Keiffer, Fissimentum Cranston and Nolte and Imparipecten Freeman. These genera show tropical Gondwanan tracks linking Australia with the Afrotropics and Neotropics.     

Afrotropical montane midges (Diptera, Chironomidae, Diamesa)

The tribe Diamesini is a characteristic element of the chironomid fauna of the Holarctic alpine and montane areas. It is represented in the E African mountains by three species: Diamesa kenyae Freeman, Diamesa ruwenzoriensis Freeman and Diamesa freemani sp. nov. The adults of the three species, the pupa and larva of D. freemani , and the larva of D. kenyae , are all described in detail. Several morphological features indicate that the Afrotropical Diamesa are derived from a relatively plesiomorphic lineage of the genus. Other characters indicate possible sister-species occurring in the Alps, the Caucasus mountains and the Himalaya. Three lines of evidence suggest a northern origin of the Afrotropical Diamesa: the relatively young age of the E African mountain peaks, the proposed phylogeny of the genus, and the present distribution of the tribe Diamesini.     

From the mountains to the sea: assemblage structure and dynamics in Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in the Clyde River estuarine gradient, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia

Abstract  Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera: non-biting midges) were surveyed at five shallow riffle stations along the estuarine gradient of the Clyde River, southern New South Wales (35°45'S, 150°15'E). Benthic populations were sampled seasonally between April 2001 and January 2002, between an uppermost fully fresh station and 7 km south of the tidal limit at Shallow Crossing, encompassing a 23 km stretch. Biological structure and integrity of chironomid assemblages, which are essentially unknown in eastern Australia's estuarine environments, were elucidated. Assemblages were diverse: from 5732 chironomid larvae, 45 species belonging to four subfamilies were identified from riffles. All chironomid assemblages were strongly structured and non-random with respect to spatial position along the salinity gradient although relatively random with respect to temporal shifts between the five seasonal samples. Generally, the salinity gradient had strong effects on assemblage composition but no discrete brackish fauna was identifiable, and the abundance of many species declined gradually with distance from the freshest station. Dominant taxa in the brackish zone were Parakiefferiella ' variegatus ' and two species of Cladotanytarsus . Notably, the little-known Semiocladius crassipennis Skuse (Orthocladiinae) was abundant at the most marine-influenced station. Taxa present exclusively in freshwaters included several Tanypodinae notably absent from sites below Shallow Crossing at salinities normally tolerated in athalassic waters. Other species restricted to freshwaters included Nanocladius sp., Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) sp., Polypedilum vespertinus (Skuse), Zavrelliella fuscoguttata (Kieffer), Riethia stictoptera (Kieffer) and Podonomopsis sp.     

中国拟毛突摇蚊属一新种（双翅目：摇蚊科）

记述了采自中国西藏自治区的拟毛突摇蚊属1新种:三叉拟毛突摇蚊Paratrichocladius tridens sp.nov..该种与本属已知种的主要区别为:下附器发达并向外延伸,顶端圆形;阳茎内突色深部分明显骨化,呈三叉状,抱器端节细长,顶端有一小突状的业端背脊.     

Larval mouthpart deformities in Procladius paludicola Skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Murray and Darling Rivers,Australia

A high incidence of ligula (mouthpart) deformities is reported for the larvae of Procladius paludicola Skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected from sites on the Murray and Darling Rivers, Australia. This is the first report of deformities in Australian freshwater insects, and is discussed in relation to known toxic pollutants within the catchment.     

Two new species of Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 from China (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Two new species, Olecryptotendipes exilissp. n. and Olecryptotendipes melasmussp. n. are described and illustrated as males and Chinese males of Olecryptotendipes lenzi are re-examined. A key to all known males of Olecryptotendipes is provided.     

Midges and the electronic Ouija board The phylogeny of the Hydrobaenus group (Chironomidae, Diptera) revised

Cranston and Humphries (1988) expose Sæther's (1976) revision of the Hydrobaenus grou of enera (Chironomidae, Ditera) to the vagaries of quantitative phyletics. In the rocess they have clearly shown why at feast their method is not in accordance with the view of Hennig. In the qualitative Hennigian method the parsimony criterion is used when choosing among alternative hypotheses of explanation of single character distribution. The selection and interpretation equals the cladogenetic analysis. In neocladistic methods the parsimony criterion is usel in order to find the tree implying the fewest evolutionary ains and losses with the fewest lines. The explanation of characters enters as an afterthought. The differences between the methods are shown by analyzing a theoretical data matrix as well as by reassessment of the results obtained by Cranston and Humphries. Their data critique is met point by oint, their data matrix, which is to a large extent erroneous, is corrected, and their data reanalyzed using their and alternative outgroups. The tree topologies remain similar to each other as well as to the original qualitative analysis since there is little inside homoplasy but the changes proposed by Cranston and Humphries are shown invalid.     

Six new and two newly recorded species of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in Korea

Adult chironomids were collected by light trap operations, sweeping grasses with insect nets, and aspiration of light‐attracted adults at various localities. All collected specimens were slide‐mounted and identified. Six species new to science were found and named: Rheotanytarsus pseudopentapoda n. sp., Cricotopus byeonsanensis n. sp., Cricotopus parajogantertius n. sp., Limnophyes bukhandecimus n. sp., Limnophyes simensis n. sp. and Orthocladius jeongnungensis. Two species, Ainuyusuroka tuberculatum (Tokunaga) and Pseudosmittia nishiharaensis Sasa and Hasegawa, are found for the first time in Korea. All species are fully described with illustrations. This is the first report of the genus Ainugusurika in Korea.