连作对白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

以种植白肋烟1年、2年和4年的土壤为研究对象,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析根际土壤细菌群落的动态变化.结果表明:白肋烟根际土壤细菌群落香农指数和丰富度指数随着种植年限的增加呈现出先增后减的趋势,连作4年后细菌群落的多样性水平显著降低,细菌群落结构较单一.随着种植年限的增加,根际土壤细菌群落与对照的相似性指数逐渐降低.种植年限为1年、2年的土壤和对照土壤中放线菌门放线菌纲是优势类群,种植年限为4年的土壤中放线菌纲所占的比例下降,而厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌纲成为优势类群.白肋烟连作使根际鞘氨醇单胞菌属和链霉菌属等益生菌数量减少、蜡状芽孢杆菌等潜在致病菌增加,破坏了烟草根际土壤微生物群落的平衡,使其微生态环境恶化.     

水稻条斑病抗感品种根际微生物群落结构和功能分析

通过抗感水稻细菌性条斑病(简称细条病)的品种的水根际可培养细菌群落结构和代谢功能多样性分析, 探讨其根际细菌多样性差异与水稻抗细条病的相关性。采集孕穗期水稻品种CG2和IR24的植株根际土壤, 采用多种培养基进行可培养细菌的分离、鉴定, 并通过 16S rRNA序列构建系统进化树; 利用Biolog 技术分析不同品种根际微生物的代谢功能差异。结果显示: 不同水稻品种的根际土壤可培养细菌分析发现抗病品种CG2以芽孢杆菌为优势菌群, 而感病品种IR24以节杆菌为优势种群; 对条斑病菌有抑制的菌株, 筛选后以芽孢杆菌为主, 且抗病品种的比率达47%以上, 而感病材料中只有2.3%; 抗病品种根际微生物群落的Shannon多样性指数(H′), Shannon均匀度指数(SE), Simpson指数(D), McIntos指数(U)和McIntosh均匀度指数(ME)分别增加了8.80%, 48.49%, 11.76%, 41.88%和0.52%; 主成份分析表明抗病品种CG2的根际土壤微生物与感病品种IR24相比, 对碳水化合物, 氨基酸类、酯类、醇类、胺类和酸类的利用率分别提高了12.52%、66.53%、3.78%、7.49%、27.98%和40.67%。研究表明, 从根际土壤细菌数量和种类上看, 抗病品种CG2的根际土壤细菌数量和种类与感病品种相比, 细菌群落结构多样性更为丰富, 发挥生防作用的菌群更多, 为水稻条斑病的生物防治提供了思路和资源。     

苗期化感水稻对根际土壤微生物群落及其功能多样性的影响

水稻化感潜力的田间表现受根际微生物间接调控。以不种水稻的土壤为对照,通过平板计数法、氯仿熏蒸法和BIOLOG分析,探讨了水稻PI312777、IAC47Iguape Cateto和Lemont苗期根际土壤微生物的群落特征及其功能多样性。结果表明,水稻品种显著地影响其根际微生物生物量碳,不同品种水稻根际微生物生物量碳大小为:Iguape Cateto(441.0mg.kg-1)>IAC47(389.7mg.kg-1)>PI312777(333.2mg.kg-1)>Lemont(283.8mg.kg-1),对照土壤为129.3mg.kg-1;PI312777、IguapeCateto、IAC47、Lemont土壤的呼吸作用强度依次为1.404、1.019、0.671、0.488μgC.g-.1h-1,对照土壤仅为0.304μgC.g-.1h-1。不同品种水稻根际土壤微生物均以细菌占优势,占微生物总数的58.4%~65.6%,放线菌占32.2%~39.4%,占2.2%~2.8%。BIOLOG分析显示,不同水稻根际土壤的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)显著不同,总以强化感水稻PI312777最高,弱化感水稻Lemont最小,各土壤的AWCD值在培养144h时均达到最大值,此时PI312777、IAC47、Iguape Cateto和Lemont的AWCD值依次为对照土壤的1.89、1.79、1.60倍和1.43倍。主成分分析表明,从31个因素中提取的与碳源利用相关的主成分1、主成分2和主成分3依次能够解释变量方差的70.08%、11.33%和7.02%;与3个主成分显著正相关的碳源有19种,其中与主成分1显著相关的是酚酸、糖类、氨基酸和胺类,与主成分2显著相关的是酚酸、糖类和脂肪酸类,而与主成分3显著相关的是糖类和羟基酸,对各主成分起分异作用的主要碳源分别是胺类和氨基酸。相关分析表明,土壤微生物总量与细菌数量、莴苣根长抑制率IR、AWCD、MBC、MBR及Shannon指数间存在显著的正相关;土壤微生物总量与莴苣根长抑制率IR间的显著正相关与水稻品种有关。可见,水稻根际土壤微生物群落、活性和功能多样性与水稻品种密切相关,这些变化可能对水稻田间化感潜力起到重要的调节作用。     

转HrpN的工程菌E4对水稻根际细菌群落结构的影响

采用单一碳源回收菌群的方法与ERIC-PCR方法相结合,检测水稻(Oryza sativa L.)根际施用转基因微生物E4(Enterobacteria cloacae E4)后,其根际微生物的群落结构和多样性的变化,进而推测转基因微生物E4在田间施用的安全性。结果表明：转基因微生物E4施用到水稻根际后,水稻根际的代谢指纹图谱和。DNA指纹图谱都发生了改变,采用Sollthelxi blotting检测显示：E4成为根际的优势菌,这对植物生长有利,应该不会造成不利的影响。     

西藏青稞根际细菌群落结构及多样性

【目的】分析西藏不同种植区青稞根际土壤细菌群落结构及其影响因素,揭示特定环境下根际细菌生物标志物,为发掘研究优异根际促生菌及其作用提供参考。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术和数据统计分析,比较了西藏5个市青稞种植区根际土壤细菌群落组成和结构差异,分析了青稞根际细菌生物标志物及群落结构变化的驱动因素。【结果】通过测序45个根际土壤样品获得10 715个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTUs）,共43门、1 244属、2 783种,其中放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）、粘球菌门（Myxococcota）和髌骨细菌门（Patescibacteria）为优势菌门,相对丰度占比94.92%-96.56%。五个市的根际细菌群落结构存在明显的差异,组间差异大于组内差异（R=0.226 9,P=0.001）,其中放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门和髌骨细菌门丰度存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。五个市青稞根际土壤存在潜在生物标志物,拉萨和山南只有3个和6个特有细菌进化支,共现网络更为复杂、OTUs间联系更为紧密。变形菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门是青稞根际土壤中主要的关键细菌门,内生菌门、Methylomirabilota和蓝细菌分别是林芝市、日喀则市和山南市的特有关键类群。青稞根际细菌群落结构的变化主要与环境因子pH、全钾（total potassium,TK）、速效钾（available potassium,AK）、碳磷比（C：P）和海拔有关,其中TK是影响根际土壤细菌群落最重要的因子（r²=0.621 4,P=0.001）。【结论】西藏青稞根际细菌多样性丰富,5市间存在显著差异,且不同生长区青稞根际具有特有的生物标志物,为进一步研究特有根际细菌在青稞生长和环境适应中的作用,发掘优异根际促生菌提供参考。     

基于高通量测序考察甘肃黄芪种植区根际土壤微生物群落结构及多样性

采用高通量测序技术,考察分析甘肃6个不同黄芪种植区黄芪根际微生物菌群结构特征.结果表明,甘肃黄芪种植的六个地区其根际土壤细菌分属于31个门、97个纲、211个目、330个科、614个属、共1163个种,根际土壤真菌分属于13个门、46个纲、98个目、202个科、412个属、共656个种.细菌在门水平的群落结构特征主要为...     

大豆不同生育期根际土壤细菌群落结构的变化

为了解大豆根际细菌群落结构多样性及根际细菌群落结构的变化,该研究以大豆苗期和成熟期的根际土壤为材料,采用Illumina高通量测序技术测定细菌16S rRNA V3+V4区序列,探究大豆不同生育期根际土壤细菌群落结构的变化。对原始数据进行拼接、过滤、去除嵌合体序列和聚类分析等数据处理,并对OTU进行分类学注释。在此基础上运用ANOVA分析物种组成变化,Alpha多样性指数研究细菌多样性变化。结果表明:细菌丰富度和多样性在不同生育期有显著变化,其中成熟期土壤中的细菌丰富度和多样性指数均明显高于苗期; 变形菌、放线菌、酸杆菌是大豆根际的优势菌门,其含量在不同生育期也有显著变化; 假诺卡氏菌属、糖丝菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属是大豆根际的优势菌属,这些菌属中的部分菌群属于根际促生菌,具有潜在的促生效应。这些结果证实大豆的生育期对根际土壤细菌群落结构有重要影响。     

微生物菌剂对绞股蓝药效成分及根际细菌群落的影响

【目的】为缓解中药绞股蓝种植区由于连作导致的土壤微生态失衡,提高绞股蓝品质及产量,使用本课题组的娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei) D74菌剂及新构建的复合菌剂T3,研究微生物菌剂的施加对绞股蓝产量、品质以及根际细菌群落组成的影响,明确绞股蓝在连作和正茬不同种植条件下的适用菌剂。【方法】采用五点取样法,测定大田种植试验中各处理组绞股蓝单位面积的产量。采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定黄酮、多糖、皂苷等绞股蓝主要药效成分含量。利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析添加菌剂对绞股蓝根际细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】在正茬型Z区地块,T3菌剂处理组绞股蓝干重较对照组增加了63.44%,总黄酮含量提高12.50%,总多糖含量提高32.95%,增产提质效果均优于D74菌剂;而在连作型P区地块,D74菌剂处理组绞股蓝干重较对照组增加了77.41%,总黄酮含量提高112.50%,总多糖含量提高23.10%,效果优于T3菌剂。通过分析微生物群落组间差异发现,与对照组相比富集在T3菌剂组中的差异微生物为新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)、罗河杆菌属(Rhodanobacter) 等有益微生物,富集在D74菌剂组中的差异微生物为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)等有益微生物。【结论】研究表明T3复合菌剂及D74菌剂均能够通过招募土壤中有益微生物类群,优化根际土壤中微生物群落结构,改善绞股蓝根际微生态环境,显著提高绞股蓝药效成分含量及产量。D74菌剂在连作型地块施用效果更佳,T3菌剂对正茬型地块施用效果更佳。     

连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响

采用稀释平板计数法研究了不同连作年限处理芝麻根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、芽孢杆菌、尖孢镰刀菌(FO)和青枯劳尔氏菌(RS)数量的变化情况。结果表明,随着连作年限的增加,芝麻根际土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量下降,而真菌的数量则呈上升趋势。新种芝麻地根际土壤芽孢杆菌数量显著高于连作2a处理和连作5a处理,而连作2a处理又显著高于连作5a处理;连作5a芝麻根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量显著高于新种地、轮作1a和连作2a等3个处理;轮作1a、连作2a及连作5a等3个处理青枯劳尔氏菌数量显著高于新种地处理。说明连作导致土壤微生物环境恶化,引起根际微生物区系结构发生定向改变。连作2a与轮作1a相比,各菌群(类群)数量差异均不显著。     

茶园根际土壤细菌群落结构及多样性

【背景】茶园根际土壤的细菌群落结构与茶园生境土壤营养循环密切相关,其组成及多样性可以作为健康茶园的一个生物指标。【方法】采用PCR．变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR—DGGE）分子指纹图谱技术,检测安溪铁观音种植区不同海拔茶园根际土壤样本的细菌群落结构,利用Shannon．Wiener多样性指数分析其多样性,采用非加权组平均法进行聚类分析得到其分布特征,利用蒙特卡罗检验和冗余分析分别揭示影响细菌群落分布的环境因子及细菌群落分布和环境变量之间的关系。【结果】茶园根际土壤细菌的DGGE结果显示,检测到的14种主要细菌中有11种细菌是不可培养的,3种细菌是可培养的,分别属于根瘤菌属、中华根瘤菌属和苍白杆菌属。聚类分析得到,同一海拔梯度茶园根际土壤细菌群落结构相似。Shan-non—Wiener多样性指数分析表明,400m海拔处茶园根际土壤细菌群落多样性最高。蒙特卡罗检验分析得到环境因子协同作用对茶园根际土壤细菌群落结构贡献率为59．6％。冗余分析显示,茶园根际土壤细菌群落结构与海拔密切相关。【结论与意义】茶园根际土壤细菌群落结构分布与海拔梯度密切相关,考虑不同海拔高度土壤细菌群落对茶园营养循环的影响,在铁观音的健康栽培和管理过程中具有重要意义。     

十字花科作物根肿病对根际土壤微生物群落的影响

为探究根肿病对十字花科作物根际土壤微生物多样性的影响,以罹病大白菜和健康株根际土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对2组样本的细菌16S rDNA和真菌ITS基因进行序列测定,分析了样本间的微生物群落结构和组成差异,同时测定根际土壤理化性质,探讨根肿病、土壤微生物群落、土壤环境因子三者的相关性。研究表明:1)患病植株根际土壤pH和总磷、总钾、碱解氮、速效钾含量显著低于正常植株根际土,而交换性钙含量明显增加。2)根肿病的发生降低了根际土壤中细菌种群的丰富度和多样性程度,但对根际土壤中的真菌α-多样性无明显影响。3)变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门等是所测土壤样本的主要优势细菌种群,其中患病植株根际土壤中拟杆菌门丰度显著高于健康植株根际土壤,放线菌门丰度则显著降低(P<0.05)。优势细菌纲为γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲、α-变形菌纲、放线菌纲、酸杆菌纲等,2组土壤样本间多种优势细菌纲相对丰度差异显著。4)根际土壤优势真菌类群为子囊菌门、被孢霉门、担子菌门和壶菌门,其相对丰度在患病和健康株根际土壤样本中均有明显差异。主要真菌纲为散囊菌纲、被孢霉纲、锤舌菌纲等,并且土壤样本间的多种优势真菌纲相对丰...     

Impact of allelopathic rice seedlings on rhizospheric microbial populations and their functional diversity

Field performance of rice allelopathic potential is indirectly regulated by the microflora in the rhizosphere. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of microbial populations and their functional diversities in the seedling rhizospheres of rice cultivars with varied allelopathic activities by employing agar plate bioassay, fumigation and BIOLOG analysis. Rice cultivars significantly affected the microbial carbon content in their associated rhizospheric soil. The microbial carbon contents were ranked in a decreasing order as Iguape Cateto (441.0 mg·kg^–1) > IAC47 (389.7 mg·kg^–1) > PI312777 (333.2 mg·kg^–1) > Lemont (283.8 mg·kg^–1) with the nil-rice control soil of 129.3 mg·kg^–1. Similarly, the respiration rate of the soils was 1.404, 1.019, 0.671 and 0.488 μgC·g^–1· h^–1 for PI312777, Iguape Cateto, IAC47 and Lemont, respectively. The respiration rate was only 0.304 μ gC·g^–1·h^–1 for the control soil. The microbial flora in the rhizospheric soil of different rice cultivars was dominated by bacteria (58.4%–65.6%), followed by actinomycete (32.2%–39.4%) and fungi (2.2%–2.8%). BIOLOG analysis showed that the value of Average Well Color Development (AWCD) differed significantly among rice cultivars. It was always the highest in the rhizospheric soil of the strongly allelopathic rice cv. PI312777, and the lowest in the rhizospheric soil of the poorly allelopathic rice cv. Lemont. The AWCD value reached the maximum in all the sampled soils after 144 hours of incubation. The AWCD values from the rhizospheric soils of PI312777, IAC47, Iguape Cateto and Lemont were 1.89, 1.79, 1.60 and 1.43 times higher than that of the control soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified 3 principal component factors (PCF) in relation to carbon sources, accounting for 70.1%, 11.3% and 7.0% of the variation, respectively. 19 categories of carbon sources were significantly positively correlated to the 3 principal components. Phenolic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids and amides were significantly correlated to the principal component 1, phenolic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids to the principal component 2, and carbohydrates and hydroxylic acids to the principal component 3. Amino acids and amides were the two main carbon sources separating the 3 principal component factors. In addition, the total microbial population in the rhizospheric soil was significantly positively correlated with AWCD, microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and Shannon index. There was a significantly positive correlation between the total microbial population and the inhibition rate (IR) on the root length of lettuce owing to the different allelopathic activities of the rice cultivars. These results suggest that changes in microbial population, activity and functional diversity in the rhizospheres are highly cultivar-dependent. These changes might play an important role in governing the rice allelopathic activity in the field.     

Impact of allelopathic rice seedlings on rhizospheric microbial populations and their functional diversity

Field performance of rice allelopathic potential is indirectly regulated by the microflora in the rhizosphere. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of microbial populations and their functional diversities in the seedling rhizospheres of rice cultivars with varied allelopathic activities by employing agar plate bioassay, fumigation and BIOLOG analysis. Rice cultivars significantly affected the microbial carbon content in their associated rhizospheric soil. The microbial carbon contents were ranked in a decreasing order as Iguape Cateto (441.0 mg·kg^–1) > IAC47 (389.7 mg·kg^–1) > PI312777 (333.2 mg·kg^–1) > Lemont (283.8 mg·kg^–1) with the nil-rice control soil of 129.3 mg·kg^–1. Similarly, the respiration rate of the soils was 1.404, 1.019, 0.671 and 0.488 μgC·g^–1· h^–1 for PI312777, Iguape Cateto, IAC47 and Lemont, respectively. The respiration rate was only 0.304 μ gC·g^–1·h^–1 for the control soil. The microbial flora in the rhizospheric soil of different rice cultivars was dominated by bacteria (58.4%–65.6%), followed by actinomycete (32.2%–39.4%) and fungi (2.2%–2.8%). BIOLOG analysis showed that the value of Average Well Color Development (AWCD) differed significantly among rice cultivars. It was always the highest in the rhizospheric soil of the strongly allelopathic rice cv. PI312777, and the lowest in the rhizospheric soil of the poorly allelopathic rice cv. Lemont. The AWCD value reached the maximum in all the sampled soils after 144 hours of incubation. The AWCD values from the rhizospheric soils of PI312777, IAC47, Iguape Cateto and Lemont were 1.89, 1.79, 1.60 and 1.43 times higher than that of the control soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified 3 principal component factors (PCF) in relation to carbon sources, accounting for 70.1%, 11.3% and 7.0% of the variation, respectively. 19 categories of carbon sources were significantly positively correlated to the 3 principal components. Phenolic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids and amides were significantly correlated to the principal component 1, phenolic acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids to the principal component 2, and carbohydrates and hydroxylic acids to the principal component 3. Amino acids and amides were the two main carbon sources separating the 3 principal component factors. In addition, the total microbial population in the rhizospheric soil was significantly positively correlated with AWCD, microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and Shannon index. There was a significantly positive correlation between the total microbial population and the inhibition rate (IR) on the root length of lettuce owing to the different allelopathic activities of the rice cultivars. These results suggest that changes in microbial population, activity and functional diversity in the rhizospheres are highly cultivar-dependent. These changes might play an important role in governing the rice allelopathic activity in the field.     

望天树人工林根际土壤理化性质及微生物群落特征

以望天树纯林(WC)、望天树×降香黄檀(WJ)和望天树×尾巨桉(WA)混交林为研究对象,对比分析不同林分中望天树根际土壤理化性质,并利用Biolog-Eco微平板法和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)甲酯法研究根际微生物群落特征,探讨不同混交树种对望天树根际土壤微生态环境的改善作用。结果表明: 3种林分望天树根际土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均表现为WA显著高于WC和WJ,而WC和WJ差异不显著;硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量表现为WA和WJ差异不显著,二者均显著高于WC;全磷和速效磷含量表现为WJ>WA>WC,林分间差异显著。3种林分望天树根际土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD) 、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和McIntosh指数及6类碳源底物利用情况均表现为WA>WJ>WC;主成分分析表明,碳水化合物类、氨基酸类和酚酸类化合物是望天树人工林根际土壤微生物主要利用的碳源。3种林分望天树根际土壤微生物总PLFA及细菌、真菌、放线菌的PLFA含量均表现为WA>WJ>WC。相关性分析表明,土壤理化性质(包括含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、硝态氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量及蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性)与微生物特征(即代谢活性、功能多样性指数及PLFA含量)均存在显著正相关关系。从土壤理化性质及微生物群落功能和结构特征分析来看,3种林分中望天树×尾巨桉是最有利于改善望天树幼树期根际土壤微生态环境、提高土壤可利用养分的混交模式。     

Rhizodeposition shapes rhizosphere microbial community structure in organic soil

The aims of the study were to determine group specificity in microbial utilization of root-exudate compounds and whole rhizodeposition; quantify the proportions of carbon acquired by microbial groups from soil organic matter and rhizodeposition, respectively; and assess the importance of root-derived C as a driver of soil microbial community structure. Additions of 13C-labelled root-exudate compounds to organic soil and steady-state labelling of Lolium perenne, coupled to compound-specific isotope ratio mass spectrometry, were used to quantify group-specific microbial utilization of rhizodeposition. Microbial utilization of glucose and fumaric acid was widespread through the microbial community, but glycine was utilized by a narrower range of populations, as indicated by the enrichment of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis fractions. In L. perenne rhizospheres, high rates of rhizodeposit utilization by microbial groups showed good correspondence with increased abundance of these groups in the rhizosphere. Although rhizodeposition was not the quantitatively dominant C source for microbes in L. perenne rhizospheres, relative utilization of this C source was an important driver of microbial group abundance in organic soil.     

Fertilisation practice changes rhizosphere microbial community structure in the agroecosystem

Rhizosphere microbial community is important for the acquisition of soil nutrients and closely related to plant species. Fertilisation practice changed soil quality. With the hypothesis of stronger rhizosphere effect of plant on rhizosphere microbial community than fertilisation management, we designed this research based on a long‐term field experiment (1982–present). This study consists of no fertilisation (NF), mineral fertilisers (NPK), mineral fertilisers plus 7,500 kg/ha of wheat straw addition (WS) and mineral fertilisers plus 30,000 kg/ha of cow manure (CM). After analysing, we found that fertilisation management not only elevated crop yield but also affected crop rhizosphere microbial community structure. The influence of fertilisation practice on wheat rhizosphere microbial structure was stronger than that of wheat. For wheat rhizosphere bacterial community, it was significantly affected by soil water content (SWC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), pH, available phosphorus (AVP) and nitrogen (AVN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and carbon (DOC). Besides SWC, pH, AVP, AVN, TN, TP and DOC, the wheat rhizosphere fungi community was also significantly affected by soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium (AVK). Moreover, compared to rhizosphere bacterial community, the influences of soil physiochemical properties on rhizosphere fungal community was stronger. In conclusion, fertilisation practice was the primary factor structuring rhizosphere microbial community by changing soil nutrients availabilities in the agroecosystem.     

睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌对羊草根际土壤PAHs降解及细菌群落结构的影响

探究睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni,C.t)联合羊草修复多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染土壤过程中,羊草根际土PAHs降解及根际微生物的变化。用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测C.t联合羊草时根际PAHs的降解,通过高通量测序技术测定羊草根际土壤细菌群落及多样性,采用冗余分析及网络分析评价PAHs降解与细菌群落组分之间的相关性,用PICRUSt软件预测PAHs降解潜力。结果表明,C.t的接入在修复后期(60–120d)促进PAHs降解,使羊草根际细菌丰富度、多样性以及细菌与PAHs的相关性发生改变,并且提高了羊草根际PAHs的降解潜力。C.t主要通过影响变形菌门属水平中鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)、MND1和Nordella,放线菌门属水平上红色杆菌(Rubrobacter)和Gaiella,酸杆菌门属水平中RB41以及拟杆菌门中黄杆菌(Flavobacterium),从而加快羊草根际土中萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)、苯并芘(BaP)3种PAHs的降解。研究以期为C.t联合植物降解土壤...     

转基因棉花种植对根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

应用Biolog方法对两种转基因棉花及其亲本非转基因棉花根际土壤微生物的单一碳源利用水平进行了比较分析,探讨转基因棉花种植对其根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.结果表明：与非转基因亲本相比,在苗期、蕾期、吐絮期、衰老期转基因棉花种植对根际土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力、Shannon功能多样性指数和均匀度指数的影响均不显著,而在花铃期根际土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力和Shannon功能多样性指数显著降低.主成分分析表明,花铃期转基因棉花与非转基因棉花根际土壤微生物碳源利用在两主成分轴上的分异较大,碳源利用模式差异显著.     

Influence of plant developmental stage on microbial community structure and activity in the rhizosphere of three field crops

Seasonal shifts in rhizosphere microbial populations were investigated to follow the influence of plant developmental stage. A field study of indigenous microbial rhizosphere communities was undertaken on pea (Pisum satvium var. quincy), wheat (Triticum aestivum var. pena wawa) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. amythyst). Rhizosphere community diversity and substrate utilization patterns were followed throughout a growing season, by culturing, rRNA gene density gradient gel electrophoresis and BIOLOG. Culturable bacterial and fungal rhizosphere community densities were stable in pea and wheat rhizospheres, with dynamic shifts observed in the sugar beet rhizosphere. Successional shifts in bacterial and fungal diversity as plants mature demonstrated that different plants select and define their own functional rhizosphere communities. Assessment of metabolic activity and resource utilization by bacterial community-level physiological profiling demonstrated greater similarities between different plant species rhizosphere communities at the same than at different developmental stages. Marked temporal shifts in diversity and relative activity were observed in rhizosphere bacterial communities with developmental stage for all plant species studied. Shifts in the diversity of fungal and bacterial communities were more pronounced in maturing pea and sugar beet plants. This detailed study demonstrates that plant species select for specialized microbial communities that change in response to plant growth and plant inputs.     

不同种植模式下丹参根际土壤微生物群落结构变化

采用MiSeq高通量测序技术对连作、轮作、套作3种种植模式下丹参根际土壤中细菌的16S rDNA基因V3—V4区片段和真菌18S rDNA基因V4区片段进行了测序,研究了细菌和真菌群落结构的变化,并分析了其与土壤因子的关系,从根际微生态系统的变化阐释了丹参连作障碍的发生机理。总体上,细菌和真菌群落的大部分Alpha多样性指数在3种种植模式之间没有显著差异,但呈现轮作套作连作的趋势。与连作相比,轮作显著提高了细菌群落的香农-威纳指数和丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率。从细菌群落的组成上看,轮作模式下芽单胞菌门的相对丰度显著低于连作和套作。相反,轮作和套作时浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度则高于连作。轮作和套作模式下,真菌群落中的接合菌门、壶菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度显著高于连作。另外,不同种植模式下微生物之间的相互作用关系也有明显差异,轮作甚至会造成真菌之间的相互关系发生逆转。连作模式下检出了丹参枯萎病的病原菌镰刀菌,而有益菌枯草杆菌属的数量却呈下降趋势,这可能是引起丹参病害加剧的原因之一。主坐标成分分析表明,微生物群落在3种种植模式之间没有发生显著的分化,前两个主坐标成分的总解释能力均小于30%,表明没有显著的主导因子。轮作和套作可以提高土壤pH和部分矿质营养,降低ORP。但是,土壤性质的变化仅影响细菌群落,对真菌群落的影响不明显。套作模式下,总钾和有效钾会提高细菌和真菌群落的多样性;轮作和连作模式下的真菌群落则刚好相反,它们更适应低钾和高ORP的环境。研究结果表明,轮作和套作可以在一定程度上改善土壤质量,提高根际细菌群落多样性,改变微生物群落组成,以及微生物-微生物、微生物-丹参之间的相互关系,这些可能是缓解丹参连作障碍的重要原因。