Cistanches Herba aqueous extract affecting serum BGP and TRAP and bone marrow Smad1 mRNA, Smad5 mRNA, TGF-β1 mRNA and TIEG1 mRNA expression levels in osteoporosis disease

We studied molecular mechanism of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract (CHAE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, as an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Female rats were either sham-operated or bilaterally OVX; and at 60 days postoperatively. The OVX group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and treatment with normal saline for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomized +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy and were treated with Cistanches Herba aqueous extract of 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 22nd post ovariectomy day. The ovariectomy +CHAE (OVX + CHAE) group (n = 8) received an ovariectomy, and were treated with the of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days commencing from 20th post ovariectomy day. Serum BGP and TRAP, E2, FSH and LH level, bone marrow Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA expression levels were examined. Results showed that serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels were significantly increased, whereas E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels were significantly decreased in OVX rats compared to sham rats. 90 days of CHAE treatment could significantly decrease serum BGP and TRAP, FSH and LH levels, and increase E2, Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1 mRNA and proteins expression levels in OVX rats. It can be concluded that CHAE play its protective effect against OVX-induced bone degeneration partly by regulating some bone metabolism related genes, e.g. Smad1, Smad5, TGF-β1 and TIEG1.     

The m6A‑methylase complex and mRNA export

During synthesis, mRNA undergoes a number of modifications such as capping, splicing and polyadenylation. These processes are coupled with the orderly deposition of the TREX complex on the mRNA and subsequent recruitment of the NXF1-P15 heterodimer which stimulates the nuclear export of mature mRNAs. mRNAs also undergo a number of internal modifications, the most common of which is the N⁶?methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification. In this review we discuss the recent evidence of coupling between the m⁶A modification, RNA processing and export.     

DNA typing forHLA-DPB1*02 and−DPB1*04 in multiple sclerosis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

DP gene typing using in vitro DNA amplification combined with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) has recently been reported. The amplification step may be specific for theHLA-DPB locus, or it may be specific for one or a group ofHLA-DPB alleles, thus increasing the discriminatory power of the system. We report the combined use of group-specific DNA in vitro amplification followed by SSOP in typing forDPB1*02 andDPB1*04 variants. The method was used to type for these variants in 96 randomly selected, healthy Danes, in 37 patients with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (PJRA); and in 38 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Increased frequencies of the cellularly defined HLA-DPw2 in PJRA and of HLA-DPw4 in MS have previously been reported. In the patient groups, the frequencies of theDPB1*02 andDPB1*04 variants did not differ significantly from those expected based on the cellularly defined HLA-DP types of the patients and the frequencies of theDPB1*02 andDPB1*04 variants among healthy Danes.     

TEM1mRNA 在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义*

目的:揭示TEM1其与非小细胞肺癌侵袭和转移的可能关系,为靶向治疗提供理想的药物作用靶点。方法:实时荧光定量PCR方法检测56例非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织及癌旁组织中TEM1 mRNA表达水平,分析其在不同组中的表达差异。结果:TEM1在56例非小细胞肺癌组织中都有表达。TEM1表达水平在肿瘤组织中比癌旁组织表达高,并且其表达水平与淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期密切相关(P<0.05),但与患者的病理类型,年龄及性别无关(P>0.05)。结论:TEM1表达水平与非小细胞肺癌分期密切相关,表明其可能是一个参与非小细胞肺癌侵袭及转移有价值的分子标记物。TEM1可能成为潜在的基因治疗靶点。     

贵州山羊品种DQA1基因第3外显子遗传变异分析

目的:通过筛选3个贵州地方山羊种DQA1基因Exon3的SNPs位点并做相应的遗传变异分析,为今后山羊抗病育种及地方山羊品种的选育提供理论依据。方法:采用构建品种DNA池与直接测序的方法,对三个贵州地方山羊种群共514只个体的DQA1基因外显子3进行遗传变异分析。结果:在3个山羊品种中共筛选得到4个SNPs,G71A(同义突变)、T100C(Asn→Ser)、G202A(Pro→Leu)、A223G(Met→Thr)。生物信息学分析发现,G202A位点变异虽未引起mRNA二级结构的变化,但最小自由能降低,结构稳定性增强;DQA1基因Exon3的不同基因型的蛋白质二级结构中均不含有α螺旋。结论:三个贵州地方山羊种DQA1基因外显子3中含有较丰富的多态性,G202A位点变异在mRNA二级结构及蛋白质二级结构中与其他基因型具有较明显的差异。     

Induction of α1-antitrypsin mRNA and cloning of its cDNA

Local inflammation was inflicted in a baboon by turpentine administration in order to induce the plasma level of α1-antitrypsin, an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver. Comparison of the α1-antitrypsin mRNA activity in the induced and non-induced baboon liver indicated that the “acute phase” response to chemical-inflicted inflammation is mediated through an increase in the steady-state level of cellular mRNA. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was then enriched from the induced baboon liver to a purity of greater than 90% by specific immunoprecipitation of polysomes. Double-stranded DNA was synthesized from the enriched mRNA and inserted into the $\text{Pst}$ I site of pBR322. Recombinant clones containing α1-antitrypsin cDNA sequences were identified by hybridselected translation and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.     

大肠杆菌poly(A)化mRNA基因的芯片制备*

利用大肠杆菌mRNA中存在的一定程度的poly (A)现象 ,利用oligo (dT)与poly(A)特异结合的特性 ,纯化并逆转录mRNA ,并应用RD PCR方法获得了 1 70多条大肠杆菌poly (A)化mRNA的基因片段 ,利用这些片段打印成基因芯片 ,以供后续大肠杆菌的基因表达研究。     

A new allele of α1-antitrypsin: PI * NADELAIDE

The allele PI NADELAIDE (PI NADE) was named in accord with nomenclature guidelines and specifies a new co-dominant variant of alpha 1AT. Discovery was achieved by IEF and the isoelectric point of NADE is between N and NHAM. Familial inheritance of PI NADE was demonstrated and both PI M2NADE and PI M3NADE phenotypes were observed. The mobility of PI NADE is identical to PI M by both starch and agarose electrophoresis. PI NADE apparently confers normal alpha 1AT serum concentrations and is probably unrelated to disease.     

应用TaqMan定量方法研究巴马香猪CYP1A1、2A19、2E1 mRNA表达

目的巴马香猪是我国具有特色和优势的实验用小型猪资源品系,用于药物评价具有广阔前景。方法 以β-actin作校正,利用TaqMan定量技术对巴马香猪肝、肾、肾上腺、小肠、皮肤、脑、肺、睾丸、前列腺、子宫和卵巢等组织中CYP1A1、2A19和2E1 mRNA的表达水平进行检测,检测结果与报道的人体对应酶CYP1A2、2A6、2E1进行比较。结果巴马香猪CYP1A1、2A19、2E1 mRNA均以肝脏中最高,肝外组织明显较低,并且巴马香猪肝脏CYP1A1、2A19、2E1 mRNA均低于报道的人肝对应酶。结论巴马香猪CYP1A1、2A19、2E1与人体对应酶CYP1A2、2A6、2E1的mRNA组织表达存在一定差异,提示在其作为相应CYP亚型代谢的药物评价时应考虑这种种属差异对实验结果推广到人的影响。     

PGC-1α and FOXO1 mRNA levels and fiber characteristics of the soleus and plantaris muscles in rats after hindlimb unloading

Fifteen-week-old rats were subjected to unloading induced by hindlimb suspension for 3 weeks. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box-containing protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA levels and fiber profiles of the soleus and plantaris muscles in rats subjected to unloading (unloaded group) were determined and compared with those of age-matched control rats (control group). The body weight and both the soleus and plantaris muscle weights were lower in the unloaded group than in the control group. The PGC-1α mRNA was downregulated in the soleus, but not in the plantaris muscle of the unloaded group. The FOXO1 mRNA was upregulated in both the soleus and plantaris muscles of the unloaded group. The oxidative enzyme activity was reduced in the soleus, but not in the plantaris muscle of the unloaded group. The percentage of type I fibers was decreased and the percentages of type IIA and IIC fibers were increased in the soleus muscle of the unloaded group, whereas there was no change in fiber type distribution in the plantaris muscle of the unloaded group. Atrophy of all types of fibers was observed in both the soleus and plantaris muscles of the unloaded group. We conclude that decreased oxidative capacity and fiber atrophy in unloaded skeletal muscles are associated with decreased PGC-1α and increased FOXO1 mRNA levels.     

DRB1*LY10 — a newDRB1 allele and its haplotypic association

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession number M34372.     

Acute Cocaine Increases Interleukin-1�� mRNA and Immunoreactive Cells in the Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens

The cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL1β) is a sleep regulatory substance whose expression is enhanced in response to neuronal stimulation. In this study, IL1β mRNA and immunoreactivity (IR) are evaluated after acute cocaine. First, IL1β mRNA levels were measured at the start or end of the light period after saline or acute exposure to a low dose of cocaine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip)). IL1β mRNA levels after an acute exposure to cocaine (5 mg/kg, ip) at dark onset were significantly higher than those obtained from rats sacrificed after an acute exposure to saline in the piriform and somatosensory cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Acute exposure of cocaine at 5 mg/kg at dark onset also increased the number of IL1β-immunoreactive astrocytes in layer I-V of the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex and nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that IL1β mRNA and protein levels in some of the dopaminergically innervated brain regions are responsive to cocaine.     

U1A Regulates 3′ Processing of the Survival Motor Neuron mRNA

Insufficient expression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein causes spinal muscular atrophy, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons. Despite the importance of maintaining adequate SMN levels, little is known about factors that control SMN expression, particularly 3′ end processing of the SMN pre-mRNA. In this study, we identify the U1A protein as a key regulator of SMN expression. U1A, a component of the U1 snRNP, is known to inhibit polyadenylation upon direct binding to mRNA. We show that U1A binds directly and with high affinity and specificity to the SMN 3′-UTR adjacent to the polyadenylation site, independent of the U1 snRNP (U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein). Binding of U1A inhibits polyadenylation of the SMN pre-mRNA by specifically inhibiting 3′ cleavage by the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor. Expression of U1A in excess of U1 snRNA causes inhibition of SMN polyadenylation and decreases SMN protein levels. This work reveals a new mechanism for regulating SMN levels and provides new insight into the roles of U1A in 3′ processing of mRNAs.     

Typing forHLA-DPB1 * 03 andHLA-DPB1 * 06 using allele-specific DNA in vitro amplification and allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. Detection of “new” DPB1*06 variants

DP gene typing using in vitro DNA amplification combined with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes has recently been reported. The resulting DNA amplification was specific for theHLA-DPB locus. Typing for the individualDPB alleles was exclusively dependent on the hybridizations of the probes but hampered by close sequence homology between differentDP alleles yielding complex patterns of reactivity with a panel of probes. We report the combined use of allele-specific DNA in vitro amplification and allele-specific oligonucleotides in typing forDPB1 ^* 03 andDPB1 ^* 06. Complete concordance with PLT typing was observed for theDPB1 ^* 03 alleles, while in the DPB1^*06 group, at least three variantDPB1 ^* 06 alleles were identified which have not been described previously.     

Lanthionine Synthetase C-like Protein 1 Interacts with and Inhibits Cystathionine β-Synthase: A TARGET FOR NEURONAL ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE*

The finding that eukaryotic lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione-binding protein prompted us to investigate the potential relationship between LanCL1 and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). CBS is a trans-sulfuration enzyme critical for the reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and GSH-dependent defense against oxidative stress. In this study we found that LanCL1 bound to CBS in mouse cortex and HEK293 cells. Mapping studies revealed that the binding region in LanCL1 spans amino acids 158–169, and that in CBS contains N-terminal and C-terminal regulatory domains. Recombinant His-LanCL1 directly bound endogenous CBS from mouse cortical lysates and inhibited its activity. Overexpression of LanCL1 inhibited CBS activity in HEK293 cells. CBS activity is reported to be regulated by oxidative stress. Here we found that oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ or glutamate lowered the GSH/GSSG ratio, dissociated LanCL1 from CBS, and elevated CBS activity in primary rat cortical neurons. Decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio by adding GSSG to cellular extracts also dissociated LanCL1 from CBS. Either lentiviral knockdown of LanCL1 or specific disruption of the LanCL1-CBS interaction using the peptide Tat-LanCL1_153–173 released CBS activity in neurons but occluded CBS activation in response to oxidative stress, indicating the major contribution of the LanCL1-CBS interaction to the regulation of CBS activity. Furthermore, LanCL1 knockdown or Tat-LanCL1_153–173 treatment reduced H₂O₂ or glutamate-induced neuronal damage. This study implies potential therapeutic value in targeting the LanCL1-CBS interaction for neuronal oxidative stress-related diseases.