puc启动子上游DNA二元对称序列突变对Rhodobacter sphaeroides氧调节的影响

为了鉴定ｐｕｃＢＡ基因表达受氧调控的顺式调节位点,通过ＰＣＲ和多聚核苷酸定点、突变的体外操作,在ｐｕｃ转录子５＇上游非编码区产生了７个不同突变和５个不同１０ｂＰ缺失序列。构建了含有各种顺式突变的ｐｕｃ上游区、ｐｕｃ启动子和报告基因ｌａｃＺ的转录融合子。通过融合子β－半乳糖苷酶活性分析,发现位于ｐｕｃ启动子上游二元对称结构的突变使得ｐｕｃ基因在有氧条件下去阻遏表达。ＩＨＦ束缚位点的突变可使β－半乳糖苷酶活性提高。     

puc启动子上游DNA二元对称序列突变对Rhodobactersphaeroides…

为了鉴定ｐｕｃＢＡ基因表达受氧调控的顺式调节位点,通过ＰＣＲ和多了聚核苷酸定点突变的体外操作,在ｐｕｃ转录子５’上游非编码区产生了７个不同突变和５个不同１０ｂｐ缺失序列。构建了含有各种顺序突变的ｐｕｃ上游区,ｐｕｃ启动子和报告基因ｌａｃＺ的转录融合子。通过融合子β－半乳糖苷酶活性分析,发现位于ｐｕｃ启动子上游二元对称结构的突变使用ｐｕｃ启动子上游二元对称结构的突变使得ｐｕｃ基因在有氧条件下去阻遏表     

中国人肥胖基因真核表达载体的构建

为研究肥胖（ｏｂｅｓｉｔｙ）的病因及肥胖基因（ｏｂ）的表达与调控,根据文献报道的ｈｏｂ序列设计引物,经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增中国人的ｏｂ基因（包括信号肽在内的ｃＤＮＡ全长５４０ｂｐ）,ＰＣＲ产物采用Ｔ－Ａ克隆法首先连接到克隆载体ｐＵＣ１１９,然后定向转移到经改造的真核表达载体ｐＳＶ－β－ｌａｃＺ,酶谱分析表达克隆基因为的人肥胖基因。     

光合细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides glnB—lacZ融合子的构建

亚克隆了Ｒｈｏｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓｇｌｎＢ启动子,以ｐＭＰ２２０为载体构建成ｂｌｎＢ－ｌａｃＺ融合子。将ｇｌｎＢ－ｌａｃＺ、ｎｉｆＨ－ｌａｃＺ、ｎｉｆＡ＝ｌａｃＺ分别导入Ｒ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ谷氨酸合酶突变株ｇｌｔＢ、ｇｌｔＤ和野生型菌株中,分析了突变对固氮基因转录表达的影响,试验证明,在ｇｌｔＢＤ突变株中ｎｉｆＨ的表达受阻遏,ｎｉｆＡ表达水平很低。这证明ｇｌｔ基因的突变引     

优化外源基因在大肠杆菌中表达的翻译起始率的策略和方法(英文)

ｍＲＮＡ的翻译起始区（ＴＩＲ）的二级结构对翻译起始率有很大的影响。本文建立了一种改进外源基因在大肠杆菌中翻译起始率的系统。以人分裂细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）基因为模型,将ＰＣＮＡ基因５′端编码区的１１４ｂｐ的顺序插入质粒ｐＴＺ１９Ｒ中ＬａｃＺ′的５′端构成融合基因。用定点突变法在ＰＣＮＡ的ＡＵＧ的８位插入一个Ｓｈｉｎｅ／Ｄａｌｇａｒｎｏ（ＳＤ）顺序ＧＡＧＧＴ,再以合成的带部分随机序列寡核苷酸作引物,用ＰＣＲ法在ＳＤ顺序两侧,即ＳＤ上游６个碱基和ＳＤ与ＡＵＧ之间７个碱基,进行随机突变,它们与结构基因５′端序列形成各种可能的翻译起始区（ＴＩＲ）二级结构。重组质粒转化大肠杆菌株ＪＭ１０９（ＤＥ３）,５′ＰＣＮＡ－ｌａｃＺ′ｍＲＮＡ可通过诱导表达Ｔ７ＲＮＡ聚合酶而得到专一而有效的转录。通过在Ｘ－ｇａｌ板上蓝色筛选以及随后的杂交鉴定,共得到２６９个５′ＰＣＮＡ－ｌａｃＺ′融合质粒。从中选择８个不同蓝色的重组子进行β－ｇａｌ活性测定,结果表明它们的酶活性相差在２０倍以上。而ＲＮＡ点杂交表明它们在转录水平无明显的差异。由此提示,通过此策略和方法能得到一个在大肠杆菌中能高效表达的翻译起始区。     

HCV5′端非编码区cDNA的体外转录

采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）从广东省一例慢性丙型肝炎病人血清中获得丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）５′端非编码区（５′ＮＣＲ）３０２ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经补齐和提纯后插入ｐＵＣ１９质粒,获得的重组体ｐＵＮ进行序列测定,将ｐＵＮ的目的基因亚克隆进体外转录载体ｐＳＰＯＲＴＩ多克隆位点的ＥｃｏＲｆｆＩ和ＰｓｔＩ切点之间,所得重组体ｐＳＮ线性化后由Ｔ７ＲＮＡ多聚酶及ＳＰ６ＲＮＡ多聚酶引导体外转录反应,产物     

α－淀粉酶基因表达中启动子上游区EcoRI－BclI片段的生理功能

本文从ｐＡｍｙ４１和ｐＮＬ２０１出发,构建了一系列α－淀粉酶基因上游区ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＢｃｌＩ片段缺失或部分缺失的质粒,并构建了含有ｐＡｍｙ４１系列单质粒ｐＡｍｙ４１系列、ｐＮＬ２０１系列双质粒工程菌。通过对这些工程菌α－淀粉酶基因表达水平的分析显示,Ｂ．Ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓα－淀粉酶基因上游区ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＢｃｌＩ片段在α－淀粉酶基因表达中行使负的调控功能。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母LAC4启动子的克隆及UASⅡ功能的研究

用ＰＣＲ方法取得乳酸克鲁维酵母ＣＢＳ１４１和ＬＡＣ４基因从－６６１到＝２１ｂｐ区段与大肠杆菌ｌａｃＺ基因融合构建成表达载体ＹＦＤ１１４并转化Ｋ．ｌａｃｔｉｓＹ１６７。通过半乳糖,乳糖,山梨醇或ＩＰＴＧ诱导,我们研究了所克隆的ＡＬＣ４启动子的功能。     

α—淀粉酶基因表达中启动子上游区EcoRI—BclI片段的生理功能

本文从ｐＡｍｙ４１和ｐＮＬ２０１出发,构建一系列α－淀粉酶基因上游区ＥｃｏＲｉ－ＢｃｌＩＩ片段的人或部分缺失的质粒,并构建了ｐＡｍｙ４１系列质粒ｐＡｍｙ４１系列、ｐＮＬ２０１系列双质粒工程菌,通过对这些工和力α－淀粉酶基因表达水平的分析显示,Ｂ．ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ α－淀粉酶基因上游区ＥｃｏＲＩ－Ｂｃｌｌ片段在α－淀粉酶基因表达中行使负的调控功能。     

HCV5＇端非编码区cDNA的体外转录

采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）从广东省一例慢性丙型肝炎病人血清中获得丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）５＇端非编码区（５＇ＮＣＲ）３０２ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经补齐和提纯后插入ｐＵＣ１９质粒,获得的重组体ｐＵＮ进行序列测定。将ｐＵＮ的目的基因亚克隆进体外转录载体ｐＳＰＯＲＴＩ多克隆位点的ＥｏｏＲＩ和ＰｓｔＩ切点之间,所得重组体ｐＳＮ线性化后由Ｔ＿７ＲＮＡ多聚酶及ＳＰ６ＲＮＡ多聚酶引导体外转录反应,产物经凝胶电泳及特异引物ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,证实ＳＰ６引导的是正义ＲＮＡ,Ｔ７合成的是反义ＲＮＡ,其大小分别力４２９ｂｐ和３６２ｂｐ。并证实所得ＲＮＡ力ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲｃＤＮＡ转录而来。获得的ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲｃＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ在常规逆转录和ＰＣＲ步骤中用于设立有效的模板对照,对消除假用性及评估试剂有重要意义。同时,ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲ体外转录载体的构建可用于制各ＲＮＡ探针和反义ＲＮＡ,改进后还可作为定量ＰＣＲ的竞争性模板。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism