绿色荧光蛋白基因在青蒿转基因芽中的表达

将改良的绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）基因,插入到植物表达载体中,构建双ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子驱动下的植物表达载体ｐＢＩＧＦＰ,在Ｋａｍ浓度为２０ｍｇ／Ｌ的筛选培养基上,用含有ｐＢＩＦＰ质粒的根癌农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４感染青蒿叶片,获得５个抗Ｋａｎ阳性丛生芽系。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析表明,外源ＧＦＰ基因已整合到青蒿转基因芽Ｇ－１系的基因组中。在ＯＬＹＭＰＵＳ－ＢＨ２型荧光显微镜下,观察到转基因     

转BmK IT4基因烟草的抗虫性

用酶切方法从「ｐＢＳ－ＢｍＫ ＩＴ４质粒中获得ＢｍＫ ＩＴ４基因片段,并构建ＣａＭＶ ３５Ｓ启动子下的ＢｍＫ ＩＴ４基因表达质粒ｐＥ３－ＢｍＫ ＩＴ４,以根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｒｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导的叶盘法转化云烟（Ｎｉｃｏ－ｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．）Ｋ３２６叶片,获得４５株抗卡那霉素的再生植株。用这些再生植株进行抗虫     

转基因烟草中Bt毒蛋白基因的表达行为

构建了高效植物表达载体ｐＢｉｎＭｏＢｃ,该载体携带超强表达复合启动子ＯＭ及Ω因子控制下的ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）基因。采用根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导的方法转化烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．）,ＥＬＩＳＡ检测表明,大多数转基因烟草中ＣｒｙＩＡ（ｃ）基因表达量均超过０．１％,最高可达０．２５５％;转基因烟草     

嗜碱细菌NTT36嗜碱基因的亚克隆及其在大肠杆菌和农杆菌中的表达

将大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１嗜碱转化子中质粒ｐＧＣＡ所携带的嗜碱基因亚克隆至双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１质粒中,构建了植物表达载体ｐＬＧＣ重组质粒。用其转化大肠杆菌ＨＢ１０１获得了能在碱性和卡那霉素抗性平板上生长的转化子,再通过三亲交配法将亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ转化进农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４,又获得能在碱性平板和卡那霉素及利福平双抗平板上生长的转化子,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明ＨＢ１０１转化子亚克隆质粒ｐＬＧＣ是由来自于嗜碱芽孢杆菌ＮＴＴ３６染色体ＤＮＡ和双元载体ｐＢＩ１２１组成,且农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４转化子含有来自大肠杆菌亚克隆转化子的ｐＬＧＣ质粒。     

转基因培育抗除草剂水稻

以ｐＡＨＣ２０（含Ｂａｒ基因）和ｐＷＲＧ１５１５（含ＧＵＳ基因和潮霉素抗性基因）以及含Ｂａｒ基因和雪莲凝集素（ＧＮＡ）基因的ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ３３００ ＲＧ为供体ＤＮＡ,选用水稻品系８７２０３、上农香糯及鄂宜１０５的成熟胚诱导出的愈伤组织及微不定芽为受体材料,分别采用基因枪和根癌农杆菌（ＬＢＡ４４０４,含ｐＡＬ４４０４）导入法进行基因转化;经抗性筛选、ＧＵＳ检测和ＰＣＲ分析。结果表明,外源基因已通过基     

欧文氏菌2-酮基醛糖还原酶基因敲除的研究

根据已知基因序列,利用ＰＣＲ技术,从克隆质粒和欧文氏菌（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｓｐ．）ＳＣＢ１２５染色体中重新扩增得到含有２－酮基醛糖还原酶Ａ和Ｂ（２－ＫＲＡ和Ｂ）基因的片段,分别用于基因表达和敲除。用于表达的片段定向连接到表达载体ｐＢＬ并转化大肠杆菌ＢＨ５α后,获得高酶活表达。在证实发生了突变的基因表达产物仍具有酶活的基础上,对其进行基因敲除的研究。在体外将链霉素抗性基因插入到ｔｋｒＡ内部使其突变失活     

牛生长激素基因在马铃薯中的表达

将牛生长激素基因ｃＤＮＡ 与Ｐａｔａｔｉｎ ＣｌａｓｓＩ启动子及ＮＯＳ３终止子连接,构建了表达载体ｐＰＢＧＴ． 用直接法将表达载体转入农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ） ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＲＡＬ４４０４）菌株, 用此菌株转化马铃薯（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ ）得到再生植株． 经ＮＰＴⅡ活性检测,总ＤＮＡ ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证明目的基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中．ＲＮＡ 点杂交和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ表明牛生长激素基因已在转基因马铃薯块茎中转录和表达     

水稻重复序列RRD3在转基因植物中的启动子功能

来源于水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）的一个８２０ｂｐ多拷贝重复序列ＲＲＤ３,含有植物启动子ＴＡＴＡ－ｂｏｘ、ＣＡＡＴ－ｂｏｘ等特征保守基元。用ＲＲＤ３取代Ｔｉ载体ｐＢ１１２１中的ＣａｍＶ ３５Ｓ启动子,通过植物转化鉴定ＲＲＤ３的启动子功能。组织化学分析表明,根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ） Ｃｏｎｎ）ＬＢＡ４４０４转化后     

重组α—乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的表达及部分酶学特性

用聚合酶链式反应方法以短芽胞杆菌基因组ＤＮＡ为模板,克隆出０．９７ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,经ＤＮＡ测序证明α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因。将该基因重组到质ｐＢＶ２２０中,构建了重组表达质粒ｐＢＶＹＩ,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α后,经筛选得到了能表达０６３３－ＡＬＤＣ活性的转化子细胞。     

分泌载体pUS186的构建及地衣杆菌α－淀粉酶基因在枯草杆菌中的表达和分泌

利用枯草杆菌的分泌系统构建分泌型表达载体表达和分泌外源基因产物具有重要的商业价值。我们用鸟枪法克隆了枯草杆菌染色体的启动子和信号肽序列,将克隆的序列连接到能在枯草杆菌中复制的质粒ｐＵＢ１８上,获得分泌型表达载体ｐＵＳ１８６。为了测试构建的载体ｐＵＳ１８６的功能,将地衣杆菌α－淀粉酶基因的缺失了启动子和信号肽序列的片段重组进该质粒,经过Ｂａｌ３１酶切,Ｔ４ＤＮＡ聚合酶补齐等处理,获得ｐＵＳＡ１８６Ⅱ及ｐＵＳＡ１８６Ⅰ系列质粒,将这些重组质粒转化枯草杆菌ＱＢ１１３０（ａｍｙ－）后都能向胞外分泌淀粉酶,酶活测定结果表明,基因表达水平比用原有的启动子高１－２倍,蛋白质分泌率在８４－９６％之间。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism