抗癌药ADM与DNA嵌插复合物的模型化研究

通过对高效抗癌药阿霉素(Adriamycin)与三碱基片段理论DNA受体的嵌插相互作用的快速能量最小化计算,其中包括阿霉素以三种嵌插方式,与两种核酸受体(d(C—GC)和d(T—AT)的相互作用,以理论上论证了大沟平行嵌入方式,即Pigram-Fuller-Hamilton模型为能量最优模型,讨论了非嵌插相互作用在ADM—DNA(3bp)体系最优构象选择上的主导作用,同时,说明了阿霉素的嵌插选择性依赖于嵌插方式.     

DNA左手螺旋的意义

1979年底美国以里奇为首的一个研究小组用X射线衍射,在高达0.9埃的分辨水平上解析了一段人工合成的DNA晶体结构,结果发现了一种新的构象——DNA的左手螺旋。这个片段由六个交替的CG碱基对组成。1980年初     

鲤鱼、鲫鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶酶切图谱比较

鲤鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA经限制性内切酶Bam HI和Eco RI酶切后,皆被切成3个片段;鲫鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA经上述两种限制性内切酶酶切后,皆被切成2个片段。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳对这些片段进行测定,并分别画出它们的酶切图谱。鲤鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA的分子量约为10.50×10~6道尔顿,有16.99千碱基对;鲫鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA的分子量约为9.40×10~6道尔顿,有15.21千碱基对。     

DNA动力学柔性的统计力学模型

考虑碱基对之间的非紧邻相互作用、涨落的序列依赖效应和非对称涨落,提出了DNA构象的统计力学模型,给出了DNA柔性的新定义。作为模型的应用,对12种三核苷酸重复序列的动力学柔性作了预测。理论预测与其它方法得到的结论比较,有很好的一致性。对模型和结论的理论意义作了讨论。     

额外的错配碱基提高T4 DNA连接酶等位特异性连接

连接是一种主要的DNA处理过程。由于较低的商业成本以及核酸底物识别的灵活性,T4 DNA连接酶被广泛应用于生物分子工程,特别是特定核酸序列的等位特异性连接检测。本文评估了在T4 DNA连接酶介导的连接反应中,引入额外的错配碱基对所产生的影响。设计了超过150组DNA/DNA或DNA/RNA带有的额外错配碱基对的组合。结果发现,引入额外的错配碱基对后,T4 DNA 连接酶在DNA/DNA连接中特异性可提高60倍以上,而在DNA/RNA连接中特异性只能提高2倍。在等位特异性连接中,有的错配碱基对可使T4 DNA连接酶的特异性提高600多倍。     

抗菌肽BuforinⅡ衍生物与大肠杆菌基因组DNA的作用机制

【目的】研究抗菌肽BuforinⅡ的衍生物BF2-A/B与大肠杆菌基因组DNA的作用机制。【方法】琼脂糖电泳检测肽对DNA的断裂作用,凝胶阻滞实验研究肽与DNA的结合作用,圆二色谱考察结合肽后DNA结构的变化,荧光光谱分析肽与溴化乙锭竞争性嵌入DNA以及磷酸根对肽与DNA相互作用的影响。【结果】BF2-A/B不断裂基因组DNA而是结合DNA,使DNA双螺旋结构变得松散,削弱碱基对间的堆积作用,并取代EB,使EB-DNA复合体系荧光减弱。而PO43-的加入减弱了肽对DNA-EB荧光的淬灭作用。【结论】衍生肽与DNA的结合方式是先靠静电引力吸附到DNA磷酸基团上,随即插入双螺旋沟槽,嵌入碱基对间。BF2-B有更多的正电荷,更强的插入沟槽和嵌入碱基对的能力,使得其结合DNA的能力比BF2-A强。     

额外的错配碱基提高T4 DNA连接酶等位特异性连接（英文）

连接是一种主要的DNA处理过程。由于较低的商业成本以及核酸底物识别的灵活性,T4DNA连接酶被广泛应用于生物分子工程,特别是特定核酸序列的等位特异性连接检测。本文评估了在T4 DNA连接酶介导的连接反应中,引入额外的错配碱基对所产生的影响。设计了超过150组DNA/DNA或DNA/RNA带有的额外错配碱基对的组合。结果发现,引入额外的错配碱基对后,T4 DNA连接酶在DNA/DNA连接中特异性可提高60倍以上,而在DNA/RNA连接中特异性只能提高2倍。在等位特异性连接中,有的错配碱基对可使T4 DNA连接酶的特异性提高600多倍。     

线粒体基因组的研究——Ⅰ.猪肝线粒体基因组的限制性内切酶图谱

猪肝线粒体DNA 经限制性内切酶BamHI、BglI、EcoRI 和PstI 水解分别切成5、3、3和4个片段,对这些片段的分子量进行了测定.EcoRI 片段的顺序是以复制位移环(D-环)为基准通过部分水解产物的电泳和电镜分析确定的。BamHI、BglI 和PstI 的切割位点则根据双酶水解产物的分析,参照EcoRI 位点进行定位,从而得到了由15个片段组成的物理图谱。猪肝线粒体DNA 的分子量为10.40×10~6道尔顿,有15.76千碱基对。     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶用于分析和制备长度小于1,000碱基对的DNA片段。 根据所研究的DNA片段的大小,可以选用从3.5％到20％的不同浓度的聚丙烯胺凝胶。     

肠杆菌膜蛋白基因的研究——Ⅳ.大肠杆菌染色体DNA Hind Ⅲ酶解片段上

大肠杆菌野生株JE5506(1pp~ )和突变株JE5505(1pp~-)的染色体DNA的Hind Ⅲ酶解片段,与一带有大肠杆菌外膜脂蛋白信号肽基因的107bp探针,在20℃下进行DNA-DNA杂交,在25kb和3.4kb处各出现一杂交带。该两片段与载体质粒pBR322在体外进行DNA重组,分别得到pHWO14和pHWO15两个重组质粒。该两重组质粒的限制性内切酶酶切图谱,Southern印迹及与107bp探针杂交的实验结果,进一步证明了上述两个DNA片段上存在有与脂蛋白信号肽基因同源的序列。pHWO15质粒编码的蛋白质经鉴定证明是脂蛋白(见另文发表)。pHWO14质粒在微细胞内的表达产物虽不是脂蛋白,但DNA序列分析证明它与脂蛋白信号肽基因同源的序列是信号肽断裂位点周围高度保守的15个碱基对。     

Fluorescence lifetime imaging of nuclear DNA: effect of fluorescence resonance energy transfer

BACKGROUND: DNA fluorescence dyes have been used to study DNA dynamics, chromatin structure, and cell cycle analysis. However, most microscopic fluorescence studies of DNA use only steady-state measurements and do not take advantage of the additional information content of the time-resolved fluorescence. In this paper, we combine fluorescence imaging of DNA with time-resolved measurements to examine the proximity of donors and acceptors bound to chromatin. METHODS: We used frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to study the spatial distribution of DNA-bound donors and acceptors in fixed 3T3 nuclei. Over 50 cell nuclei were imaged in the presence of an AT-specific donor, Hoechst 33258 (Ho), and a GC-specific acceptor, 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). RESULTS: The intensity images of Ho alone showed a spatially irregular distribution due to the various concentrations of DNA or AT-rich DNA throughout the nuclei. The lifetime imaging of the Ho-stained nuclei was typically flat. Addition of 7-AAD decreased the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of the Ho-stained DNA. The spatially dependent phase and modulation values of Ho in the presence of 7-AAD showed that the Ho decay becomes nonexponential, as is expected for a resonance energy transfer (RET) with multiple acceptors located over a range of distances. In approximately 40 nuclei, the intensity and lifetime decrease was spatially homogeneous. In approximately 10 nuclei, addition of 7-AAD resulted in a spatially nonhomogeneous decrease in intensity and lifetime. The RET efficiency was higher in G(2)/M than in G(0/1) phase cells. CONCLUSIONS: Because RET efficiency depends on the average distance between Ho and 7-AAD, data suggest that the heterogeneity of lifetimes and spatial variation of the RET efficiency are caused by the presence of highly condensed regions of DNA in nuclei.     

Complete nucleotide and deduced protein sequence of CMP-NeuAc: poly-alpha-2,8 sialosyl sialyltransferase of Escherichia coli K1.

Poly-alpha-2,8 N-acetylneuraminic acid (polySia) is an important virulence factor in infections caused by Escherichia coli K1 and Neisseria meningitidis B. In E. coli K1 a membranous CMP-NeuAc: poly-alpha-2,8 sialosyl sialyltransferase (polysialyltransferase) complex catalyses the synthesis of linear polySia chains. The complex also elongates sialyl oligomers that serve as exogenous acceptors. The gene encoding a polysialyltransferase of E. coli has been identified by subcloning and DNA sequence analysis. The subcloned DNA fragment codes for a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 47 kDa catalysing the in vitro synthesis of polySia by elongation of exogenous acceptors.     

Interspecific transformation and DNA characteristics in Allomyces

Summary Heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid treatment in Allomyces has been shown to transfer epigynous versus hypogynous character in the recipient species.A certain proportion of inverted sexual arrangements have been consistently detected in the acceptors.The uptake of native DNA was demonstrated using labelled ³²P-nucleic acid. The uptake was found to be higher in homologous (controls) than heterologous receptors.Chromatographic fractionation of the total DNA reveals 3 types differing in their Tm values and therefore GC ratios; these appear to be localized in nuclei, mitochondria and residual cytoplasm.     

Chloro acridone derivatives as cytotoxic agents active on multidrug-resistant cell lines and their duplex DNA complex studies by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

We report herein in vitro anti-proliferative activity and duplex DNA complex studies of a series of N10-substituted acridone derivatives. All the molecules have been designed on the basis of the presence of specific recognition patterns consisting of hydrogen bond acceptors (or electron donors), carbonyl, chloro groups with precise spatial separation and structural features (lipophilicity, positive charge at neutral pH and presence of aromatic rings). The in vitro cytotoxic effects have been demonstrated against human promyelocytic leukemia sensitive cell line (HL-60), including its multidrug cross-resistance of two main (P-gp and MRP) phenotype sublines vincristine-resistant (HL-60/VINC) and doxorubicin-resistant (HL-60/DX) cancer cell lines. Compound 4 showed very good activity against sensitive and resistant cell lines. The noncovalent complexes of these molecules with DNA duplex has been investigated in gas phase by using a fast, robust and sensitive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique. Equilibrium association constants (K1) and percentage of intact complexes were determined. The combined results show that these acridone derivatives interact with DNA duplex by intercalation between the base pairs, possess higher affinity to GC than AT base pairs of the DNA and they could not interact noncovalently with the minor grooves of the DNA in solution-free gas phase. Examination of the relationship between lipophilicity and cytotoxic properties of acridone derivatives showed a poor correlation. The in vitro cytotoxic studies in resistant cancer cell lines of compound 4 showed that it might be a promising new hit for further development of anti-MDR agent.     

Donor fluorescence decay analysis for energy transfer in double-helical DNA with various acceptor concentrations

We studied fluorescence resonance energy transfer between donors and acceptors bound to double-helical DNA. The donor Hoechst 33258 binds to the minor groove of DNA and the acceptor propidium iodide (PI) is an intercalator. The time-resolved donor decays were measured in the frequency domain. The donor decays were consistent with a random 1-dimensional distribution of acceptors. The decays were analyzed in terms of three 1-dimensional models: a random continuous acceptor distribution; acceptors placed on discrete lattice sites; and a cylindrical model with the acceptor in the center, and the donors on a cylinder surface. The data were well described by all three models. Interpretation in terms of continuous distribution of acceptors revealed a minimum donor to acceptor distance of 13 A, which is 3 bp from the center of Hoechst 33252. These results suggest that PI is excluded from the 4 bp covered by Hoechst 33252 when it is bound to the minor groove of DNA.     

Mechanism of reaction catalyzed by RNA-ligase from bacteriophage T4

The dissociation constants of the complexes of RNA-ligase with acceptors, donors and the adenylylated donor A(5')ppAp have been determined on the basis of the inhibition of ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction. The dissociation constants of the complexes of the enzyme with "poor" acceptors (oligouridilates) have been shown to be slightly different from those with "good" acceptors (oligoadenylates). The dependence of the reaction velocity of the formation of ligation products on the concentration of acceptors (pA)4, (pU)4 and the adenylylated donor A(5)ppAp has been studied. On the basis of the data obtained the conclusion about the random addition mechanism has been drawn. The reaction takes place in the steady-state conditions in the case of (pA)4 and in the equilibrium conditions--in the case of (pU)4.     

Specificity and kinetic parameters of recombinant Microdochium nivale carbohydrate oxidase

A new carbohydrate oxidase from Microdochium nivale heterologously expressed in Aspergillus oryzae (rMnO) has been characterized. The carbohydrate oxidase is a flavoenzyme which oxidizes glucose and other mono- or oligosaccharides. It shows a broad substrate specificity towards carbohydrates reacting with aldoses in the 1-position. The rMnO oxidizes the β-form of -glucose, and the product of -glucose oxidation is -gluconic acid.

The mechanism of carbohydrate oxidation by oxygen and artificial electron acceptors has been described by a ping-pong scheme. Compared to Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (GOx) the reactivity of rMnO at pH 7.0 is significantly lower; k_cat is 20, k_ox 11 and k_red 22 times less, using oxygen as electron acceptor. Also with other two electron acceptors, like DPIP, the activity is low. However, compared to oxygen the rMnO shows 2–10 times higher activity towards some artificial single electron acceptors (AAs). The enzyme activity increases at higher ionic strength of the solution, if positively-charged AAs are used.

The high activity towards AAs and low rate for oxygen as well as broad specificity to carbohydrates indicates that rMnO may have some advantages compared to the most used GOx in connection with enzyme use for analytical devices and for biotechnological purposes.     

Reduction of extracytoplasmic acceptors by roots of Plantago lanceolata L. Evidence for enzyme heterogeneity

The capacity of iron-stressed (-Fe plants) and non-stressed (+Fe plants) roots of Plantago lanceolata L. to reduce acceptors differing in their midpoint potentials has been characterized. Highest reduction activity in iron sufficient roots was observed with the artificial acceptors hexachloroiridate (HCI) and ferricyanide. FeEDTA and ferric citrate (FeCitr) were reduced at equal rates with respect to maximal velocity; marked differences between the two latter reactions have been observed in the affinity for the substrate. Iron starvation increased the reduction of FeEDTA and ferricyanide, the rates of HCI and FeCitr reduction were not significantly affected. With the exception of HCI, the reduction rates of all acceptors were diminished by inhibitors of protein synthesis. The inhibition was more pronounced in iron stressed roots compared to +Fe grown plants. Protoplasts isolated from Plantago roots were capable of reducting FeCitr, but failed to reduce FeEDTA. The kinetics (K_m) of FeCitr reduction by root protoplasts resembled the characteristics of intact plant roots. The existence of distinct redox systems in root cells and their physiological significance are discussed with reference to results obtained with material reduced in biological complexity.     

Limitations of electronic energy transfer in the determination of lipid nanodomain sizes

Even though superresolution microscopy indicates that size of plasma membrane rafts is <20 nm, those structures have never been observed. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is therefore still the most powerful optical method for characterization of such domains. In this letter we investigate relation between nanodomain affinity of a donor-acceptor (D/A) pair and the detectable nanodomain size/area. We show that probes with high affinity to the liquid-ordered (L_o) phase are required for detecting domain sizes of a few nanometers, and/or domains that occupy a few percent of the bilayer area. A combination of donors and acceptors that prefer different phases is the more favorable approach. For instance, a D/A pair with the distribution constant of donors K_D = 5 and acceptors K_A = 0.01 can resolve a broad spectrum of nanodomain sizes. On the other hand, currently available donors and acceptors that prefer the same phase, either the liquid-disordered (L_d) or L_o phase, are not so convenient for determining domain sizes <20 nm. Here the detection limits of FRET experiments employing several commonly used D/A pairs have been investigated.