热诱导速度对噬菌体包装蛋白提取物效价的影响

 <正> 利用D蛋白和E蛋白基因缺陷λ的溶原菌热诱导制备蛋白质提取物,进行噬菌体的体外包装,提取物的效价高低,对重组噬菌体的包装是至为关键的,直接影响到外源基因库的完整性和随机性。目前一般包装效价为10~7—10~8Pfu/μgDNA本文比较了快、慢诱导对效价的影响,快诱导的体外包装效价可达2.8×10~8Pfu/μgDNA,而慢诱导包装效价低。     

弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株YciD蛋白的融合表达和纯化

目的：原核表达重组弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株YciD蛋白,为其功能研究奠定基础。方法：用PCR方法从弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株染色体中扩增YciD蛋白编码序列,经过纯化、酶切后克隆到原核表达载体pET32a中,构建重组载体pET32a-yciD,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）菌株获得工程菌株,对其表达和纯化条件进行优化;利用Western Blot检测融合蛋白的表达。结果：构建了YciD蛋白的融合表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;经Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化获得了高纯度的YciD蛋白;Western Blot表明,此蛋白可与His标签抗体反应,表明获得了目的蛋白。结论：在原核表达系统中表达、纯化弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株YciD蛋白,为进一步对其进行功能研究奠定了基础。     

弗氏志贺菌毒力大质粒导入大肠杆菌MG1655

目的:将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T的毒力大质粒pSF导入大肠杆菌MG1655。方法:通过诱动转移技术,将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T的毒力大质粒导入大肠杆菌MG1655。结果:构建了MG1655/pSF:pXL275-virG的毒力大质粒导入突变株,双向电泳初步比较分析表明在重组MG1655中有志贺菌毒力的表达。结论:成功地将弗氏2a志贺菌2457T毒力大质粒pSF导入了大肠杆菌MG1655。     

弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株yciD基因缺失突变株的构建

目的:构建弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株yciD基因缺失突变体,以研究yciD基因的功能。方法:根据弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株基因组全序列,采用Red重组系统对yciD基因进行缺失,并经PCR和SDS-PAGE证实;对野生株和突变株的生长状态及生化反应进行比较研究。结果:构建了弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株的yciD基因缺失突变株2457TΔyciD,该突变株外膜蛋白样品中缺失了一条相对分子质量与从yciD基因推导的蛋白相当(约22000)的蛋白带。该突变株比野生株生长快,利用葡萄糖和甘露醇的能力也比野生株大为增强。结论:获得了弗氏2a志贺氏菌2457T株的yciD基因缺失突变株。     

一株可裂解动物源性多重耐药志贺氏菌的噬菌体分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从鸡的肠道内分离鉴定多重耐药志贺氏菌(Shigelle)，纯化获得可侵袭、裂解该志贺氏菌的噬菌体，并研究其生物学特性。以养殖场病鸡肠道中分离的志贺氏病原菌为宿主，筛选鉴定噬菌体，聚乙二醇沉淀浓缩噬菌体，通过透射电镜观察噬菌体形态，双层平板法测定噬菌体宿主谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、酸碱耐受性和热稳定性，测定噬菌体对多重耐药致病性志贺氏菌的裂解效果。通过上述方法，共筛选到26株志贺氏菌分离株，分别命名为BS1~BS26。以志贺氏菌BS26为宿主菌分离得到一株裂解性噬菌体并命名为噬菌体PSF26，鉴定为有尾噬菌体目，长尾噬菌体科，噬菌体对福氏志贺氏菌（Shigella flexneri）和宋内志贺氏菌(Shigella sonnei)分离株均有裂解作用。噬菌体PSF26的最佳感染复数为0.1，感染周期为90 min，包括75 min的潜伏期和15 min的爆发期，裂解量为(58±17) pfu/cell。噬菌体PSF26在pH 5~8，温度0~40 ℃条件下能保持较高活性，对宿主菌的抑菌圈直径为(11.33±1.53) mm。结果表明，噬菌体PSF26爆发期短，裂解量高，有较好的酸碱、温度耐受性，对多重耐药性福氏和宋内志贺氏菌有良好的作用效果，为利用噬菌体防控饲养动物中食源性致病菌感染和饲用抗生素替代技术研发提供参考。     

弗氏2a志贺菌2457T株碱性蛋白质组图谱的建立

目的:建立弗氏2a志贺菌2457T株的碱性蛋白质组图谱。方法:首先采用双向电泳技术对弗氏2a志贺菌2457T株表达的全部碱性菌体蛋白及碱性膜蛋白进行分离,再通过基质辅助激光解析/电离串联飞行时间质谱进行鉴定。结果:共鉴定到46个蛋白点,对应于38种蛋白质。结论:首次完成了弗氏2a志贺菌2457T株的碱性蛋白质组图谱。     

克隆与志贺氏菌属侵袭力相关的基因

本文以柯斯质粒pJB8作载体,经体外包装构建了志贺氏菌属弗氏5大质粒(140Md)基因文库,获得重组子4000多个。用已证实与侵袭力相关的17kb基因片段作探针,从基因文库中筛选出66个相应的重组子。对其中部分重组子进行分析,表明这些重组子均包含一个大的重组质粒,它们与17kb探针杂交呈阳性反应。当用EcoR 1酶解这些重组质粒时,均产生大小相当于17kb的DNA片段,它们与17 kb探针杂交,也呈阳性反应。表明这些重组子均含与侵袭相关的基因片段。这为以后构建预防痢疾的口服活菌苗打下了基础。     

弗氏志贺菌磷酸化蛋白的检测

目的:检测弗氏志贺菌全菌蛋白中被磷酸化修饰的蛋白。方法:制取弗氏2a志贺菌2457T野生株全菌磷酸化蛋白样品时加入磷酸化酶抑制剂,随后对样品进行双向电泳,以抗磷酸丝氨酸/苏氨酸/酪氨酸抗体为免疫探针,通过Western印迹找到被磷酸化的蛋白,并进行胶内酶解及MALDI-TOF质谱分析。结果与结论:共检测到13个磷酸化蛋白,其中9个为代谢途径中的酶。     

利用宿主-载体平衡致死系统构建志贺氏菌3价疫苗候选株

选择福氏2a志贺氏菌疫苗株T32为受体菌,通过基因同源重组交换技术,对其染色体asd基因进行定位突变,使之不能在LB培基上生长;同时利用链球菌asd基因构建Asd⁺的无抗药性互补载体,两者组成1套T32宿主载体平衡致死系统.进一步应用该系统克隆和表达了具有重要免疫保护功能的宋内I相O抗原基因和志贺氏毒素B亚单位基因(stxB),构建成福氏2a-宋内-StxB3价菌苗候选株FSD0l.结果显示:该菌株遗传稳定,重组质粒不需用抗生素选择,能有效表达3价抗原和产生针对上述3种野生型毒株的免疫保护反应.     

应用肠杆菌科诊断噬菌体检测志贺氏菌的评价

应用肠杆菌科诊断噬菌体对2280株疑似志贺氏菌进行了检测,同时进行了常规鉴定。结果表明,志贺氏菌属Sh噬菌体10³RTD对属内裂解率为100%,1RTD为99.9%;65株与志贺氏菌分型血清呈现凝集的非志贺氏菌,10³RTD裂解率为12.3%,1RTD为4.6%。裂解模式的测定表明,2215株志贺氏菌分属于7个裂解模式,仅模式3中3株鲍氏5型为文献[2,3]所未列入,余者完全一致。Sh10³RTD裂解的非志贺氏菌均可用1RTD和裂解模式排除     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism