The sipunculan genus Lithacrosiphon Shipley. A taxonomic review

A critical review of the sipunculan genus Lithacrosiphon , based on all of the type material and museum specimens with the exception of L. uniscutatus , results in the combining of nine species into three. L. maldivensis with its granular anal shield remains unchanged. L. cristatus with a grooved anal shield and both unidentate and bidentate hooks is redescribed and now includes L. altriconus, L. gurjanovae, L. indicus , and L. odhneri . The L. uniscutatus complex which allegedly has only unidentate hooks is discussed and now includes L. kukenthali and L. poritidis . This is a troublesome species as the pertinent specimens were either unavailable ( L. uniscutatus ) or with missing introverts ( L. kukenthali and L. poritidis ). An identification key is provided and the several morphological characters used for purposes of identification are reviewed and evaluated.     

Shipley, B. Cause and correlation in Biology

As indicated by the title, this book seeks to address the relationshipbetween correlation and causation, with application to biologicaltopics. The book begins with a statement of three objectives:(1) to persuade biologists that it is possible to infer causationwith observational (non-experimental) data; (2) to describecertain methods that can assist in this process; and (3) toillustrate the methods presented using biological examples. A philosophical discussion of causation is potentially confusingand can often evoke debate, which necessitates some carefullycrafted effort at the beginning of the book to address the meaningof causation. Fortunately for all involved, the methods presenteddo not depend on any one particular definition     

A Dictionary of Archaeology.

. Dictionary of Archaeology. Ian Shaw and Robert Jameson. eds. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 624 pp.