沙女遗址——巨大的史前石器制造场

惊人的发现山西省襄汾县丁村是中外闻名的旧石器时代中期遗址。1954年发现的丁村人和丁村文化,成为我国古人类演化和古文化发展史上的重要环节。最近,在丁村以东七公里的群山中,我们新发现了一处巨大的旧石器时代晚期的石器制造场,其规模之大,石器之丰富,远远超过了山西怀仁鹅毛口和太原古交的两处石器制造场。过去十年中,考古工作者在丁村附近发现了早于和晚于丁村文化的一系列旧石器地点,表明丁村遗址包含了从旧石器时代早期至晚期的文化遗存。从石器出土的丰富程度来看,我们一直推测丁村附近可能有     

沙女石器制造场一瞥

习山西襄汾沙女石册新造场远眺。缅了锐‘沙女石器制造场一瞥~~     

生物学文摘(一)

科技日报社和人民日报社联合评选出“1996年世界10大科技新闻”,其中3项与生物学有关的新闻是：科学家绘制出迄今最完整的人类基因图谱3月,多国科学家小组宣布绘制出一个迄今最完整的人类基因图谱。该图谱有助于开发多种疾病诊断试剂和治疗方法。一些与遗传基因有关的常见病,如糖尿病、牛皮癣、精神病和心血管病等的诊治都将从这个图谱获益。中国发掘的世界最大古人类石器制造场得到确认内蒙古大窑文化遗址位于卧龙山北坡。经过20多年的发掘、整理,面积达170万m’的内蒙古大窑文化遗址被确认为目前已知的世界面积最大的古人类石器制造场…     

1994年丹江口库区调查发现的石制品研究

本文报道了1994年在南水北调中线工程丹江口库区多处地点采集的624件石制品。石制品类型有石核、石片和石器;石器占44%以上, 类型丰富, 包括手斧、手镐、薄刃斧、砍砸器、石球、尖状器、刮削器和石锤; 石器素材主要为砾石, 大多数个体粗大。这一石器组合与中国南方的砾石石器工业有较多的相似之处; 手斧工具的出现表明,这些石制品在探讨东、西方的旧石器文化交流方面也是非常重要的材料。     

昆明大板桥发现古人类化石和旧石器遗址

1989年3月,笔者在昆明市近郊官渡区大板桥鸡街子山南坡发现了一处旧石器文化遗址。遗址埋于一个被堆积填满,洞顶塌陷遭到剥蚀的洞穴内,海拔1963米,高出当地河水面约8米。经试掘,地层层序清楚,文化层厚达2米以上,其中含有人类化石。脊椎动物化石、石制品和用火遗迹:烧骨、灰烬、炭屑、烧过的树籽等。初步工作表明,它是一处有丰富的文化遗存的石器制造场。     

山东蒙阴县发现旧石器地点

1984年7月,笔者与蒙阴县图书馆孙昌胜、禹传业一起对蒙阴县城附近及其东部岱崮、旧寨、坦埠、巨山四个乡进行了旧石器考古调查。在县城以东棉纺厂一带和巨山乡新铁城村附近采到一批打制石器。这些石器地点都位于沂河支流东汶河北岸,相当于河流二、三级阶地的地貌部位。 石器地点地层保存不佳,多见于中生代基岩表面,但石器地点不见新石器时代和历史时期的文化遗物。 在60余件石制品中,主要有单台面、双台面、多台面石核,石片和石器,均用锤击法制作。石器     

三峡洋安渡遗址石制品研究

洋安渡遗址位于重庆市奉节县,埋藏于长江右岸第2级阶地的上部,时代为新石器时代晚期。该遗址出土了丰富的石制品,包括石锤、石核、石片、碎屑和石器;其它遗物包括以大溪文化类型为主的陶片和大量动物残骸。石制品的原料来源为遗址附近长江河漫滩的砾石,岩性以石英砂岩为主。石片生产技术主要为以生产零台面石片为目标的摔碰法。石器类型包括砍砸器、刮削器、石斧毛坯、磨石和磨光石斧等;砍砸器和刮削器全部单面加工,技术熟练,加工简单,刃缘较长;石斧毛坯虽为打制,但形状规整,加工精致,是石器加工的重点;磨制石器数量少且残断。洋安渡遗址的石器兼有打制和磨制两大类,虽然石器加工的重点为磨制石斧,但打制技术依然重要,其一方面为磨制石斧打制合适的毛坯雏形,另一方面加工砍砸器、刮削器等打制石器满足临时和补充的使用。洋安渡遗址出土的石制品为了解长江三峡地区新石器时代的石器技术提供了直接的材料。     

泥河湾盆地马圈沟遗址鱼咀沟1号地点2017-2018年发掘出土的石制品

马圈沟遗址鱼咀沟1号地点位于泥河湾盆地东缘,大田洼台地的北坡,为该遗址最北的一处地点,2017-2018年发掘80 m2,发现7个文化层、4个化石层,发现207件石质标本和一部分动物化石。石制品152件,类型包括石锤、石核、石片、石器、残废品以及备料等,其中石器包括刮削器、凹缺器、尖状器、钻器、砍砸器等,具有中国北方小石器工业的典型特征。原料主要为燧石(39.6%),其次是白云岩(27.5%)与硅质灰岩(19.3%),最后是玄武岩等其他岩类(13.6%)。遗址埋藏于早更新统泥河湾组的地层内,第4、第7文化层分别与马圈沟遗址第I、第III文化层对应,年代分别为距今155万年、166万年,整体年代处于距今166-150万年之间。该地点地层序列清晰,年代古老明确,文化层序众多,文化遗物丰富,进一步丰富了马圈沟遗址早更新世古人类的文化序列,为探索东亚地区早期人类的出现与演化提供了丰富的资料。     

广西田东定模遗址发掘简报

定模遗址位于广西百色田东县布兵盆地内。2010-2011年间,广西民族博物馆和田东县博物馆对定模遗址进行了试掘,面积32 m²,出土了2108件石制品和少量动物化石。石制品类型包括石核、石器、石片、断块、碎片、未经加工的砾石等。石器以打制石器为主,磨制石器较少;类型多样,以砍砸器、刮削器为主,另有少量锯齿刃器、凹缺器等。原料主要来自附近的右江河滩,岩性以砂岩为主。石核剥片以锤击法为主,石器毛坯以砾石和石片为主。经过¹⁴C测年分析,该遗址的距今年代为1.6～0.5万年。定模遗址的试掘为探索百色地区晚更新世末期至全新世初期石器文化面貌提供了新的材料,对于探讨华南及东南亚地区晚更新世石器技术演化提供了新的参考。     

丹江口库区双河一号旧石器地点发掘简报

丹江口库区双河一号旧石器地点位于河南省淅川县双河镇,埋藏于丹江左岸第三级阶地棕红色黏土层中。2010年中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系受河南省文物局南水北调文物保护办公室委托,对该地点进行了考古发掘,揭露面积400m2,出土石制品225件。石制品类型有石核、石片、石器、断块和裂片等。古人类选择河卵石为原料进行剥片和加工石器,岩性以石英岩为主;硬锤锤击法为剥片的主要技术;石制品总体以中小型居多;石器主要以砾石为毛坯,砍砸器是主要类型;石器多在砾石一端采用锤击法加工而成。石制品特点显示中国南方砾石石器工业的因素,同时石制品组合中出现了片状毛坯加工的尖状器。地貌和地层对比显示该地点形成于中更新世。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.