马铃薯叶甲属六个种的等位基因酶变异

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了马铃薯叶甲属(Leptinotarsa)六个种:马铃薯叶甲(L. decemlinecta)、胡颓子叶茄叶甲(L. texana)、柔毛茄叶甲(L. rubiginosa)、膜苞菊叶甲(L. lineolata)、蒺藜叶甲(L. peninsularis)和蒺藜四条叶甲(L. tlascalana)的等位基因酶变异.分析了14种同工酶(ACPH、ADH、AMY、FUM、GDH、GOT、IDH、HBDH、LAP、MDH、ME、PGM、SORDH和XDH)的17个座位.其中单型座位有9个,多型座位有8个,后者占47.1%.六个种的平均杂合度为0.091.其中最高的是膜苞菊叶甲0.154;最低的是蒺藜四条叶甲0.042.六个种彼此之间的遗传距(D)在0.129—0.573之间,说明这六个种的亲缘关系是很密切的.     

番茄属(Lycopersicon)四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶分析

本文报告了应用连续浓度梯度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对番茄属Lyco-persicon的四个种:秘鲁番茄L.peruviaunm Mill.,多毛番茄L.hirsutum Humb.et Bonp,醋栗番茄L.pimpinellifolium(Jusl)Mill和普通番茄L.esculentum Mill.的86份材料,15个不同生育时期,不同器官以及同一器官的不同部位的过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果。结果表明:L.Peruvianum的各个生育期和不同器官的过氧化物酶同工酶谱带叠加共有28条带,L.hirsutum有29条带,L.pimpinellifolium有28条带,L.esculentum有27条带。种间过氧化物酶同工酶谱型差异明显,种内不同生育期叠加总酶谱基本一致。在根、茎和叶中,这四个种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱和活性具有相似的生育期变化规律和器官分布规律.在果实发育过程中,种间过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱、活性及变化律规都不相同。本文还就同工酶谱型相似值的意义,野生资源及同工酶分析技术在番茄育种中的应用等问题进行了讨论。     

浙江忍冬属植物新资料

报道了浙江忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）忍冬属（Lonicera L.）植物分类研究的若干新发现：排除了L. macrantha在我国的分布和细毡毛忍冬（L. similis）在浙江的分布;恢复了L. guillonii的种级地位,并将异毛忍冬（L. macrantha var. heterotricha）作为其新异名,将灰毡毛忍冬（L. macranthoides）组合为其变种;描述了一新种——华大花忍冬（L. sinomacrantha）和一新变型——红花菰腺忍冬（L. hypoglauca f. pulchra）,编制了浙江产大花忍冬复合群的分类检索表。     

早期真菌与本土和外来松的菌根合成

为探讨早期真菌与本土和外来松树的共生特性,选用3种早期外生菌根真菌(环褐乳牛肝菌Suillus luteus、虎皮乳牛肝菌S. phylopictus和酒红蜡蘑Laccaria vinaceoavellanea)接种2种本地松(云南松Pinus yunnanensis、华山松P. armandii)和2种外来松(P. greggii、P. maximartinensis),并对接种后的侵染率、菌根特征和松苗株高等进行测量和分析,结果显示：6个月后,2种乳牛肝菌与4种松均能形成菌根,华山松与2种乳牛肝菌的亲和性最好,酒红蜡蘑仅能与2种外来松P. greggii和P. maximartinensis形成菌根,且菌根合成成功率仅为14.3%。此次合成的10种菌根组合均为首次报道,其中同一种真菌与不同松形成的菌根在形态和解剖特征上较为接近。3种真菌对宿主生长的促进作用因树种而异,整体上外来松苗的生长速率要快于本土松苗;华山松苗虽然菌根感染率最高,但生长效应却均不明显。研究认为：孢子接种对乳牛肝菌、蜡蘑等早期真菌的菌根合成研究是一种经济有效的手段;外生菌根真菌可能对外来树种具有更为重要的作用,与本土树种相比,外来树种与外生菌根真菌在能否形成菌根、菌根形成时间以及对宿主的生长效应等方面存在差异,需要开展进一步深入的相关研究。     

中国横断山地区蓝藻型肺衣属地衣的三个新种

在形态和化学研究的基础上,结合分子生物学研究方法（ITS片段）,对中国横断山地区的830号与蓝细菌共生的肺衣属标本进行了分类学研究,共发现3个新种;其中,横断山肺衣L. hengduanensis的主要特征是具粉芽化裂芽,无脊肺衣L. irrugulosa的网脊不明显,以及宽叶肺衣L. latilobulata的裂片顶端宽且钝圆;3个种在ITS系统发育树上分别形成独立小枝。文中提供了中国肺衣属中与蓝细菌共生的物种检索表。     

中国兔唇花属的研究

1970年Klobov在《亚洲中部植物》(Pl.Asiae Cent)中对吴征钱教授定的新种提出了异议,他认为吴教授发表的7个新种中,只有L.grandiflora和L.lanatondus两个种可以成立,其他5个种给予否定,并进行了归并。     

几种粘虫的鉴别

粘虫Leucania separata Walker系我国主要农业害虫,其近缘属种类很多。据有关主要文献记载加以初步整理,已知分布于我国的粘虫属Leucania Ochs.、寡粘虫属Sideridis Hubn.及光腹粘虫属Eriopyga Guen.中的种类物63种。有关粘虫类的分类研究尚待分类学家进行长期和细致的工作。为了便于鉴别比较常见的一些粘虫种类,本文仅就手边标本加以初步整理与鉴定。它们是粘虫Leucania separata Walker、劳氏粘虫L.loreyi(Dup.)、白脉粘虫L.venalba Moore、柔色粘虫L.placida Butler、皮氏粘虫L.pryeri Leech、雀斑粘虫Leucania flavostigma singularis Butler、白纹粘虫L.salebrosa Butler、白缘粘虫Sideridis albicosta(Moore)、寡粘虫S.velutina(Ev.)、锥线粘虫S.conigera Schiff.、光腹粘虫Eriopyga grandis(Butler)、土光腹粘虫E.turca L.文中对上述种类进行了简要的描述(成虫及6种常见的蛹),并备有成虫和蛹的种检索表以及必需的图例,以供各地粘虫工作者参考。     

中国北方野粮衣属地衣分类学研究

本研究对采自中国北方11个省、市、自治区的400余份野粮衣属标本利用形态学、化学、生态学等特征进行了综合研究,共发现12种,包括6个分类单位从平茶渍属归并至野粮衣属中,即：Aspicilia maculata,A. maculata f. subochracea,A. ochraceoalba,A. schafeevii,A. tortuosa和A. transbaicalica;其中,将A. maculata f. subochracea提升为种级单位;首次报道了Circinaria hispida和C. schafeevii在中国的新记录分布;Lecanora tortuosa var. ferruginea,L. tortuosa var. simplicior和L. tortuosa var. perfecta作为Circinaria tortuosa的异名处理。本文也为报道的物种提供了形态图和检索表。     

中国东北落叶松林的特征、更新规律与合理经营(英文)

组成中国东北落叶松林, 并形成建群种或优势种的落叶松有:兴安落叶松(Larix gmelini)、毛枝兴安落叶松(L.gmelini f.hsinganica)、长白落叶松(L.olgensisvar.changpaiensis)和海林落叶松(L.olgensis var.heilingensis)。本文分两个区域分别讨论了落叶松林的分布和更新。在寒温带针叶林区域, 落叶松林是地带性植被、可划分四类落叶松林:A.混有阔叶树的落叶松林, B.落叶松林, C.混有云杉的落叶松林, D.落叶松疏林。温带针阔叶混交林区域的落叶松林可划为三个基本类型、即:A.山地寒温带落叶松林;B.温带落叶松林, C.沼泽地落叶松林。除沼泽地落叶松林外, 都为次生林。上述不同落叶松林的生长和更新是很不相同的, 因此, 应采取不同的经营和管理措施。     

中国白衣属的分类修订

本文将17个物种从广义鸡皮衣属Pertusaria s. lat.转移至白衣属Lepra,报道了2个中国新记录种：Lepra albopunctata和L. muricata,将Pertusaria sanguinulenta作为Lepra submultipuncta的异名处理。Pertusaria brachyspora在中国为错误报道,从中国地衣名录剔除。本文对文献中错误鉴定标本进行了订正研究,为中国已知的37个白衣属地衣编制了分种检索表。     

Morphological and morphometric study of crustacean parasites within the genus Lernaeocera

Two species of Lernaeocera are present in the southeastern North Sea. Lernaeocera lusci infects bib Trisopterus luscus, dragonet Callionymus lyra and sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus. L. Minuta is a junior synonym of L. lusci. The second valid species, L. branchialis, infects whiting Merlangius merlangus. The two species can be morphologically separated by the antennary processes, which are present in L. lusci and absent in L. branchialis. Discriminant functions allow complete separation between L. lusci and L. branchialis. There is high intraspecific, host-dependent variability within L. lusci. Length of L. lusci is significantly influenced by host size, and body form is influenced by the site of attachment of L. lusci on at least one host (bib). It is suggested that L. lusci consists of 3 forms: f. lusci, f. minuta and f. lyra.     

Flavonoids and the systematics of Luffa

Flavonoids were characterized from leaves and flowers of six species of Luffa. Each species had a distinct flavonoid pattern. Based on leaf flavonoids, Luffa is separable into two groups of species: L. graveolens and L. operculata contain only flavonols. L. acutangula, L. aergyptiaca, L. echinata and L. forskalii contain only flavones. Flavonoid data indicate that the New World disjunct species. L. operculata, is most closely related to L. graveolens.     

南海北部近海头足类优势种及其生态位特征

为了解南海北部近海头足类优势种的种间关系,根据2014—2015年该海域4个季节底拖网渔业资源调查,应用相对重要性指数、生态位宽度和重叠指数从时空维度分析头足类优势种的生态位特征。结果表明: 该海域4个季节的头足类优势种共5种,分别为剑尖枪乌贼、中国枪乌贼、火枪乌贼、金乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼,前两种是4个季节的共同优势种。与历史数据相比,头足类优势种的种类组成已发生改变。头足类资源时空分布格局明显,海南岛南部至粤东海域资源密度高于北部湾,季节变化呈夏季高而冬季低特征。时空生态位分析表明,优势种的时间和空间生态位宽度没有一致位序,剑尖枪乌贼和中国枪乌贼分别占据最大的时间(1.32)和空间生态位宽度(3.90),而时间和空间生态位宽度最小的物种分别是金乌贼(0.98)和杜氏枪乌贼(2.04)。虽然时间生态位重叠在数值上显著高于空间生态位重叠,但二者均是在中国枪乌贼、剑尖枪乌贼、火枪乌贼等种对间有较高重叠,而杜氏枪乌贼与其余4个优势种的重叠较低。相关分析表明,在时空尺度上生态位宽度与丰度的变化均呈极显著负相关。生态位可反映物种资源量时空变化信息,丰富了传统渔业群落研究方法。     

浅裂剪秋萝和丝瓣剪秋萝传粉特性的初步研究

为了探究浅裂剪秋萝(Lychnis cognata)和丝瓣剪秋萝(L. wilfordii)的传粉生物学特征, 从花部特征、花粉呈现规律及传粉者访花行为等方面对其开展研究。结果表明, 2种剪秋萝的花期持续时间相近, 但浅裂剪秋萝始花日期较早; 二者花部特征虽有显著差异, 但主要传粉者均为碧翠凤蝶(Papilio bianor)。在开花过程中, 2种剪秋萝的雄蕊均分2批呈现花粉, 第1批雄蕊的花粉生活力在开花后第1天达到最大值, 而第2批雄蕊在第2天达到最大值。浅裂剪秋萝的柱头可授性在开花后第5天最强, 而丝瓣剪秋萝在开花后第4天最强, 花粉生活力和柱头活性的时间差异表明两物种均为雌雄异熟。两物种共同的传粉者碧翠凤蝶对浅裂剪秋萝的访花高峰出现在上午8:00-11:00, 而对丝瓣剪秋萝的访花高峰出现在上午11:00-12:00, 导致访花高峰出现差异的主要影响因素可能是生境和花药开裂时间。     

Taxonomic revision of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus (Polypodiaceae) from China

The taxonomy of Lepisorus (J. Sm.) Ching sect. Lepisorus in China was revised based on herbarium specimen examinations, field observations, and microscopic study of rhizome scales, soral paraphyses, leaf epidermis and spores. As a result nine species were recognized: Lepisorus macrosphaerus (Baker) Ching, L. asterolepis (Baker) Ching, L. marginatus Ching, L. kuchenensis (Y. C. Wu) Ching, L. megasorus(C. Chr.) Ching, L. kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa, L. subsessilis Ching & Y. X. Lin, L. affinis Ching and L. nudus (Hook.) Ching. Lepisorus kawakamii (Hayata) Tagawa was reinstated; L. gyirongensis Ching & S. K. Wu and L. longus Ching were reduced to synonyms of L. nudus and L. affinis respectively. The subdivision of L. macrosphaerusis was not accepted. Rhizome scales and paraphyses are the most useful characters for species delimitation as well as for infrageneric classification. Characteristics of the leaf epidermis and spore ornamentation are usually stable and thus of great significance in understanding the relationships among groups within the genus.     

The phylogeny and systematics of the endemic Ethiopian Lophuromys flavopunctatus species complex based upon random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to clarify systematics and phylogenetic relationships within the Ethiopian endemic representatives of Lophuromys flavopunctatus species complex. Data were analysed by both phenetic (UPGMA) and phylogenetic (neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony) procedures. NJ and maximum parsimony analyses yielded identical phylogenetic trees that demonstrate the basal position of L. melanonyx with L. brevicaudus splitting next and sister-group relationship for L. brunneus–L. chrysopus. This phylogenetic pattern is congruent with inferences from allozymes for the considered species suggesting early divergence of Afroalpine species and recent origin of forest taxa. Thus, the results demonstrate that RAPD-PCR might be a useful technique for phylogenetic analysis at the species levels in vertebrates. Controversial taxonomy of L. brevicaudus, L. brunneus and L. chrysopus is clarified, with their specific ranks confirmed on the basis of tree topology and genetic distances.     

Somatic hybridization between Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. pennellii: Regenerating ability and antibiotic resistance as selection systems

Somatic hybrids were obtained between the reproductively-isolated tomato species Lycopersicon peruvianum and L. pennellii. Leaf protoplasts of the former species and protoplasts from cell suspension cultures of the latter were fused with polyethylene glycol. A double selection scheme for fusion products was used on the basis of regeneration ability in L. peruvianum and resistance to the antibiotic G418 (2-deoxystreptamine) in an L. pennellii cell line. One tetraploid and four hexaploid hybrids were obtained from this fusion. The hexaploids might have originated by fusion of two L. pennellii protoplasts and one L. peruvianum protoplast. The hybrids were identified on the basis of isozymes (loci Prx-1, Prx-2, Prx-4, Prx-6, Prx-7, Pgi-1 and putative locus Mdh-1), leaf, flower morphology and epidermal hairs. The expression of antibiotic resistance and regeneration ability in the hybrids indicate that these are dominant or codominant traits. The sterility and subvitality of the resulting hybrids questions the value of somatic hybridization as a useful breeding approach in Lycopersicon.     

Biology and Nymph Host Range of Anchocoema bidentata and Astroma saltense (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae), Potential Biocontrol Agents for Creosotebush, Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) in the U.S.A.

Two stick-like acridids (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) from Argentina, Anchocoema bidentata Mello-Leitao and Astroma saltense Mello-Leitao, were evaluated as potential biological control agents of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville) in the southwestern United States. Their biology, behavior and geographic distribution of those species were studied. The host plant ranges for both insects were established through nymph feeding preference and development tests in the laboratory and in the field. A total of 33 species of plants belonging to 13 families were tested. Anchocoema bidentata and A. saltense are mimetic species, having as many as three generations a year, and exhibit strong sexual dimorphism; females are larger and less mobile than males. In both species, females laid egg masses in the soil. First instars appeared in the field at the end of the spring, the second generation at mid-summer, and a third at the end of the summer. Adults of A. bidentata and A. saltense appeared in the field at the beginning of the spring. The laboratory multiple-choice feeding test showed that A. bidentata preferred Larrea divaricata Cav., whereas A. saltense preferred L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia Cav. In the nymph development test (no choice), A. bidentata was able to complete its development only on L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia, while Astroma saltense completed its development on six plant species: L divaricata, L. cuneifolia, Bulnesia retama (Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott), B. schickendantzi Hieron (all Zygophyllaceae), Zuccagnia punctata Cav., and Prosopis torquata (Cav. Ap. Lag.) (both Fabaseae). We concluded that A. bidentata could be a biocontrol agent for L. tridentata because the first instar can complete its development only on Larrea spp. Regarding A. saltense, this species showed a wide host range and should not be considered as a biological control agent of L. tridentata.