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芒果次生木质部导管分子的观察 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法对芒果(Mangifera indicaL.)次生木质部不同的导管分子进行了观察。并且对这些导管分子的构造、进化趋势以及同一导管分子上的特殊结构进行了详细的讨论。 相似文献
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雀麦是重要的牧草,近年来进口量激增。寄生于雀麦上的腥黑粉菌共有4种,即小麦矮腥黑穗菌Tilletia controversa(TCK)、雀麦腥黑粉菌T.bromi、T.bolayi和小麦网腥黑穗菌T.caries(TCT),根据冬孢子形态难以直接区分这些种类。本文在形态、自发荧光和萌发生理三方面的比较研究基础上,依据beta-微管蛋白tub2基因序列设计一套引物,转化为特异SCAR分子标记,建立了雀麦上T.bromi的菌丝基因组DNA的特异PCR检测方法和冬孢子的套式特异PCR检测方法,为病害提供了快速、可靠的检测方法。 相似文献
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金沙江干热河谷地区芒果畸形病的病原菌 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从金沙江干热河谷地区采集芒果畸形病组织,运用柯赫氏法则证实分离物MG6为该病的致病菌。菌株MG6在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)上菌丝白色,无色素产生,米饭培养基浅粉红色;在康乃馨叶片培养基(CLA)上以单瓶梗或复瓶梗假头状产孢,不产生链状孢子;小型分生孢子卵形或长椭圆形,具0-1个分隔,3.1-10.2×1.5-2.2μm;大型分生孢子呈镰刀形,通常3个分隔,18-38×1.8-2.4μm。EF-1α测序结果在Fusarium数据库中进行同源性分析显示,菌株MG6与F. mangiferae的同源性最高,达99.68%。综合培养性状、形态学特征和EF-1α序列分析,将菌株MG6鉴定为Fusarium mangiferae。 相似文献
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生物分子的纳米粒子标记和检测技术 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
生物分子的标记和检测一直是生物分析领域的重要内容 .近年来 ,纳米材料与生物检测技术的结合 ,使得生物分子的检测有了重要的发展 ,这一交叉学科现已成为生物分析领域最具活力的研究方向 .对近期出现的新型纳米粒子标记物的性质、检测原理、特点和应用进行了评述 ,并分析了用该标记物进行分析的可能发展方向 相似文献
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番茄黄化曲叶病毒的快速分子检测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
番茄黄化曲叶病毒是当前世界范围内危害番茄生产的毁灭性病害。文章针对番茄黄化曲叶病毒全基因组序列的特异区段自主设计了1对特异性PCR引物(上游引物TYLCV-F:5′-ACGCATGCCTCTAATCCAGTGTA-3′,下游引物TYLCV-R:5′-CCAATAAGGCGTAAGCGTGTAGAC-3′),依据PCR扩增特异片段543 bp的有无可以快速、准确、高效、特异地检测出是否感染了TYLCV病毒,这项技术可以方便地应用到工厂化育苗的带毒性检测、蔬菜大规模生产中植株发病情况的快速检测以及抗病毒育种,从而为蔬菜安全可持续生产提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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为了评价抗茎腐病基因分子标记在辅助育种中的实用性,本研究对159份玉米自交系进行了茎腐病田间抗性鉴定,并检测了与4个茎腐病抗性QTL(qRfg1、qRfg2、Rpi QI319-1和Rpi QI319-2)紧密连锁的11个分子标记在上述材料中的扩增情况。结果表明:供试玉米自交系的平均发病率为26.30%,发病率低于30.0%的材料占67.92%,抗病资源丰富。来源于国外、东北、西南和黄淮海地区的材料平均发病率分别为27.67%、17.92%、15.12%和36.80%,与东北和西南地区种质相比,黄淮海地区抗性种质相对缺乏。通过比较分子标记扩增带型与田间茎腐病表型,发现与同一QTL连锁的不同分子标记的检测结果存在较大差异,其中分子标记STS01(qRfg1)、STSZ479(qRfg2)、bnlg1866(Rpi QI319-1)和bnlg1716(Rpi QI319-2)的阳性检测结果与田间表型符合度较高,分别为76.79%、78.95%、91.67%、73.33%,具有上述特异扩增多态性的材料平均发病率分别为22.06%、19.01%、10.65%、19.63%,可作为抗茎腐病分子检测的有效标记。本研究为开展玉米抗茎腐病分子育种提供了重要参考。 相似文献
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番茄黄化曲叶病毒是当前世界范围内危害番茄生产的毁灭性病害。文章针对番茄黄化曲叶病毒全基因组序列的特异区段自主设计了1对特异性PCR引物(上游引物TYLCV-F:5′-ACGCATGCCTCTAATCCAGTGTA-3′, 下游引物TYLCV-R:5′-CCAATAAGGCGTAAGCGTGTAGAC-3′), 依据PCR扩增特异片段543 bp的有无可以快速、准确、高效、特异地检测出是否感染了TYLCV病毒, 这项技术可以方便地应用到工厂化育苗的带毒性检测、蔬菜大规模生产中植株发病情况的快速检测以及抗病毒育种, 从而为蔬菜安全可持续生产提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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Satguru Prasad Yadav Gireesh Chand 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(11):1356-1368
Malformation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) induced by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans is a plant disease of international importance. The paper reports the downstream defence responses at the initial stage in a susceptible host (cultivar Amrapali) after treatment with biotic (isolated from the pathogen cell wall) (BEL) and abiotic (salicylic acid, SA) elicitors, and inoculation of vegetative buds with the pathogen (IVB). The SA was further tested to induce resistance in field trials. The inoculation and application of elicitors increased β-1, 3 glucanase that causes lysis of fungal hyphae by many folds. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (active oxygen species) that induces hypersensitive cell death was reduced to the minimum level after treatment with BEL. The reduction of H2O2 in the inoculated vegetative buds was also substantial; however, comparatively less with SA treatment. Consequently, there was no hypersensitive cell death in the malformed mango. Salicylic acid that enhances H2O2 content by suppressing H2O2-degradation by catalase, increased marginally with the SA treatment and in the IVB, but reduced with the BEL. The reduction of SA in BEL-treated buds concomitantly reduced its H2O2 content. The activity of catalase, suppressor of resistance mechanism, was reduced in all the treatments, but the reduction was not enough to arrest H2O2-degradation. Magiferin (1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahdroxyxanthone C2-β-D glucoside), a defence metabolite of mango, increased substantially in all the treatments; maximum with the BEL. A pathogenesis-related (PR) protein of 20 KDa that resists symptom development appeared in all the treatments except the control. But light colour of the spots for the PR-protein indicated low protein accumulation. The maximum accumulation was with the IVB followed by SA and BEL treatments. The amount of total protein reduced considerably in all the treatments. The SA treatment on healthy plants failed to induce defence against malformation. Contrarily, the treatment on malformed seedlings restored normal growth within two months. Hence, SA acted better over the infected plants in presence of the pathogen. Thus, a signal transduction system involving SA and H2O2 remained nonfunctional and enough defence chemicals could not be synthesised. Defence genes that produce phenolic and β-1, 3 glucanase, however, became activated and saved the plants from death although could not prevent symptom manifestations. 相似文献
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Mohammad Wahid Ansari Alok Shukla Ramesh Chandra Pant Narendra Tuteja 《Plant signaling & behavior》2013,8(1)
Malformation is arguably the most crucial disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) at present. It is receiving great attention not only because of its widespread and destructive nature but also because of its etiology and control is not absolutely understood. Recently, Fusarium mangiferae is found to be associated with mango malformation disease. There are indications that stress ethylene production could be involved in the disease. Here we have shown the first direct evidence of production of ethylene in pure culture of F. mangiferae obtained from mango. The study also revealed that all the isolates dissected from mango acquire morphological features of F. mangiferae showing most similarity to the features of species with accepted standard features. The isolates of F. mangiferae from mango were observed to produce ethylene in significant amounts, ranging from 9.28–13.66 n mol/g dry wt/day. The findings presented here suggest that F. mangiferae could contribute to the malformation of mango by producing ethylene and probably stimulating stress ethylene production in malformed tissue of mango. Ethylene might be produced through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase-type ethylene-forming-enzyme (EFE) pathway in Fusarium sp, which needs to be investigated. 相似文献
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Abstract The first Australian records of mango shield scale ( Milviscutulus mangiferae ) from north Queensland and additional records from parts of Papua New Guinea are presented. The majority of specimens were collected from mango leaves ( Mangifera indica ). A summary of its known distribution, other hosts, identification and damage levels is also presented. Also, the detection of rice mealybug ( Brevennia rehi ) in far north Queensland is reported for the first time. This pest is known to occur in the Northern Territory. The north Queensland detections are from native grasses. The records presented here, for both species, are regarded as new detections, rather than new incursions. 相似文献
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ISSR鉴定亲缘关系非常近的芒果栽培品种 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
用ISSR技术鉴定7个吕宋芒品种(系)和柳州吕宋芒。从30个引物中筛选出6个多态性好的ISSR引物建立DNA指纹图谱用于区分吕宋芒品种(系)。分析DNA指纹图谱,发现这6个引物中每个引物都能区分吕宋系列品种(系),表明ISSR-PCR技术对芒果品种(系)的鉴定非常有效,能区分亲缘关系很近的品种(系)。基于69条多态性条带的聚类分析结果,发现吕宋芒和其它供试的7个品种(系)同源性低,而这7个品种(系):高州吕宋芒、湛江吕宋芒、田阳香芒、金钱芒、柳州吕宋芒、粤西一号、攀西红吕宋同源性较高,可归为一类。 相似文献
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Pradeep Kumar Ashok Kumar Misra Dinesh Raj Modi Vijai Kumar Gupta 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(10):1237-1245
Malformation disease of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) caused by Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans is one of the most destructive diseases, which is a major production constraint in the mango-growing regions of India. In this study, The bioagents Trichoderma viride (Tr1), Trichoderma virens (Tr2) and Trichoderma harzianum (Tr3) were evaluated in culture with the pathogens to monitor the antagonistic effect and their volatile compound and culture filtrates (non-volatile compound). It was found that all the three isolates of bioagents significantly checked the growth of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. In dual culture, the best result was obtained with T. harzianum followed by T. virens and T. viride. A similar result was also observed in the case of culture filtrates ofTrichoderma spp. The results clearly showed that inhibition of the growth of the fusaria isolates by T. harzianum was significantly superior to T. viride andT.virens. In case of antifungal activity of volatile compounds released by Trichoderma isolates, it was also observed that T. virens was more superior to T.harzianum and T. viride. 相似文献
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J N BURDON S DORI E LOMANIEC R MARINANSKY E PESIS 《The Annals of applied biology》1994,125(3):581-587
The effectiveness of pre-storage treatments of nitrogen (low oxygen), heat and ethanol and acetaldehyde vapours were examined for their potential for improving mango storage. Mature green mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. cv. Keitt) were treated with low oxygen (< 3% oxygen, 97% nitrogen) for 72 h, acetaldehyde (0.12%) and ethanol (1%) vapours for 24 h or heat (38 ± 2°C) for 48 h prior to storage at 14°C. The nitrogen and ethanol treatments induced substantial levels of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the fruit. Initially the firmness of the nitrogen treated fruit remained higher than the control although later in storage this effect was lost. Differences in ripening were reflected in the total soluble solids and acidity levels, nitrogen maintaining a higher acidity and lower total soluble solids (less mature) whereas the heat treated fruit had lower acidity and higher total soluble solids (more mature). Ethanol and acetaldehyde treatments showed no effect. The use of a pre-storage treatment of nitrogen therefore had a beneficial effect on retarding ripening, although as storage progressed this effect was lost. 相似文献
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R. Sandeep Raj Sonal V. Thakur Yama S. Vyas Kishan M. Patel Prashant V. Patel Madhvi N. Joshi Shradha Nand Tyagi Snehal B. Bagatharia 《Plant Growth Regulation》2017,81(1):117-130
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is known as “king of fruits” in India. More than 1000 mango varieties are currently cultivated in Indian Sub-continent. However most of the orchards of mango are infected with mango malformation disease (MMD), which every year leads to huge losses in yield of mango in range of 40 to 80?% in India. Till date there is no effective control measure against MMD. Floral Malformation, in contrast to vegetative one, is very virulent and can cause the loss of the entire crop. In the present study, six mango cultivars commonly grown in Gujarat, and all infected with various degrees of MMD were taken for studying their molecular relatedness, pathogen load and defense responsiveness via gene expression to rate whether hybrids or landrace among mango cultivars are better equipped to fight MMD. Genetic diversity analysis was performed using 30 SSR markers in order to bring out clustering pattern among the six cultivars belonging to orchards of Balisana and Prantij, Gujarat. The diversity analysis gave clues to the existence of wide genetic base among the six cultivars. Fungal load studies using Real Time PCR lead to the ranking of cultivars based on maximum and minimum infection load of pathogen. Absolute quantitation studies found that cultivars like Totapuri, Neelam and Amrapali were more resistant to MMD than highly popular cultivars like Kesar. The six mango cultivars were further quantified for pathogen responsiveness with 21 defense responsive genes using Real Time PCR. Among the 21 genes selected for the study, 11 genes were directly part of defense responsive pathways like Phenyl propanoid pathway and jasmonic acid pathway. Gene expression studies aided in ranking mango hybrid like Amrapali having better systemic acquired resistance response as 11 defense responsive genes were found upregulated in this cultivar followed by landrace Neelam which is in fact a parental line of Amrapali. If MMD remains unchecked it may lead to evolution of more virulent strains of Fusarium; propelling devastating consequences in mango cultivation. Hence mango hybrids developed via molecular and expressional screening will fasten process of establishment of resistant mango cultivars. 相似文献
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Ivan Rwomushana Sunday Ekesi Callistus K.P.O. Ogol & Ian Gordon 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2009,133(1):27-37
We investigated the influence of temperature and infestation sequence on interspecific competition between two fruit flies: an invasive ( Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, ( B ) and a native ( Ceratitis cosyra Walker , C ) (both Diptera: Tephritidae) species. Mango fruits [ Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)] were co-infested with larvae at different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and relative humidity of 50 ± 8%, using different infestation sequences at each temperature ( BC together; BC/CB 1, 2, and 3 days apart). There were significant effects of competition in most experimental treatments, resulting in reduced larval survival, pupal mass, and adult emergence for both species. At most of the infestation/temperature combinations, C. cosyra was clearly the inferior competitor. The only exception was at 20 °C when the outcome depended on the sequence of infestation: no C . cosyra survived when the sequence was BC , but more C . cosyra than B . invadens survived when it was CB . At 15 °C, all C. cosyra larvae died, while the development of B. invadens was prolonged and adult emergence reduced. We conclude that resource pre-emption and fluctuations in temperature in mango agroecosystems help to explain observed shifts in dominance between B. invadens and C. cosyra on mango in many parts of Africa. The small window of competitive superiority for C. cosyra at 20 °C and CB infestation sequence, together with other factors such as fecundity and alternative hosts, may allow for co-existence in some environments. 相似文献
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The mango sudden death syndrome has become a serious threat to the mango industry and caused significant decline in mango production worldwide. The bark beetle Hypocryphalus mangiferae (Stebbing) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) has been suggested as a potential vector of the disease based primarily on field observations with little or no supporting empirical data. In this study, we investigated the role of infected mango trees in host attraction and colonization by H. mangiferae to determine if beetle attack and colonization contributes to the disease progression on mango trees. Initially, the role of various stress factors on beetle attraction and disease progression was assessed under lathe house conditions from 2008 to 2009. Results suggest that symptomatic or recently inoculated mango trees (without any obvious symptoms) are preferentially colonized by H. mangiferae. Although not significant, high numbers of beetles attacked stressed or wounded mango trees, compared to healthy or dead mango trees. Disease symptoms after beetle colonization, such as bark splitting, wilting and oozing, were further evaluated. These symptoms showed positive correlation with the degree of disease severity and host plant condition. Furthermore, two fungi, Ceratocystis fimbriata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, were frequently isolated from the beetle and beetle-colonized trees. Based on these findings, they suggests that H. mangiferae can vector multiple fungi associated with mango sudden decline disease and play a significant role in outbreaks of this disease. 相似文献