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1.
A. Sharma V. Kumar M. K. Kanwar A. K. Thukral R. Bhardwaj 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2017,64(4):509-517
Pesticide toxicity causes oxidative stress to plants by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to observe the role of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) in protection of Brassica juncea L. plants from oxidative stress caused by imidacloprid (IMI) pesticide. Generation of ROS, activities of antioxidative enzymes and chlorophyll contents were estimated using spectrophotometer, whereas organic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analysis of data revealed that 24-EBL significantly decreased ROS contents, accompanied by enhanced levels of shoot biomass, chlorophyll contents, organic acid contents and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in B. juncea plants under IMI toxicity. 相似文献
2.
The effect of different cadmium concentrations (6–120 μM) on Hill reaction activity (HRA) of isolated chloroplasts, contents
of chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars), and Cd uptake and accumulation in plant organs of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Vitasso) and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were determined. The Cd stress inhibited photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts of both species and
in both tested developmental stages. On the basis of EC50 values, the mung bean showed a higher sensitivity to Cd treatment than Indian mustard. The higher sensitivity of both species
was determined in the earlier than in the older developmental stage. The leaves of Cd-treated plants possessed lower contents
of Chls and Cars in both species and the negative effect increased with Cd concentration. A difference between species was
also found in Cd uptake and accumulation. In both species, Cd was accumulated more in roots than in shoots, with higher accumulation
in Indian mustard than in mung bean. 相似文献
3.
Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is characterized by oblong-shaped leaves on the lower layers of axis. These leaves are poorly illuminated, remain below
light photosynthetic compensation point and abscise at maturity. Earlier research has shown that the removal of these shaded
leaves improves photosynthetic potential of the rest of the leaves, the overall growth and yield of the crop. Now we show
that 50% removal of these leaves at pre-flowering stage, i.e. 40 days after sowing (DAS) enhances nitrogen assimilation in
the leaves more substantially than defoliation at post-flowering stage, i.e. 60 DAS. Further, the changes in N assimilation
were concurrent with the ethylene evolution. It is suggested that strategies that lead to the abscission of lower leaves at
early stage of growth may be adopted for efficient N utilization, and ethylene may be considered as an important physiological
tool. 相似文献
4.
The effects of 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) on nickel uptake, protein content and activities of antioxidative enzymes were determined
in the seedlings of Brassica juncea L. The seeds were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.01, 1 and 100 nM) of HBL for 8 h and then sown in the Petri
plates containing various concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg dm−3) of nickel. After 7 d, observations were made on shoot and root length, Ni uptake, protein content and activities of antioxidative
enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). The growth
of seedlings was inhibited by Ni, however, less after HBL pre-treatment. The protein content and antioxidative enzyme activities
were also increased by HBL treatment. 相似文献
5.
6.
Shalini Sharma 《Aerobiologia》2007,23(3):181-187
Mussoorie in the western Himalayas of India, a popular tourist destination, was selected for air pollution monitoring. The
study was carried out applying thalloid liverwort species Marchantia polymorpha L. as a tool. Moss bags containing M. polymorpha was transplanted at residential, highly and less polluted areas to obtain comprehensive and comparative data. Lead content,
along with some essential micronutrients viz. zinc, manganese, and copper, as well as some physiological parameters total
chlorophyll, sugar, protein, catalase and peroxidase activity were analyzed. The highest accumulation of lead (Pb) in M. polymorpha plants was highest in summer season , i.e., 2276 μg/g dry weight. The correlation of metals and physiological parameters
has been made to get clear view of the effects of lead on physiology and essential micronutrients. 相似文献
7.
The influence of sugars and growth regulators on shoot and root growth of Dactylorhiza species was studied under in vitro conditions. The seedling development was stimulated with the application of glucose and sucrose at concentration of 10 g
dm−3 each. The improvement of shoot growth rate and shoot length was enhanced by cytokinins N
6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine or N
6-benzyladenine and their combination with auxin indolebutyric acid (IBA). The root growth rate and root length of seedlings
increased in the presence of IBA and α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Individual Dactylorhiza species showed statistically significant differences in shoot and root development depending on sugar and growth regulator
combinations. 相似文献
8.
An experiment was taken up to find out possibilities of manipulating the in vitro flowering in moth bean. Abscisic acid (ABA) and proline both alone and in combination influenced days to flower induction,
number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod. Frequency of flowering plants approached 100 % at
1 and 3 μM ABA and 800 μM proline. The range of flowering period (3 to 23.6 d) has also been influenced by various treatments. 相似文献
9.
There are three most important bacterial causative agents of serious infections that could be misused for warfare purposes:
Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) is the most frequently mentioned one; however, Fracisella tularensis (causing tularemia) and Yersinia pestis (the causative agent of plague) are further bacterial agents enlisted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention into the category A of potential biological weapons. This review intends to summarize basic information about these bacterial
agents. Military aspects of their pathogenesis and the detection techniques suitable for field use are discussed. 相似文献
10.
S. E. Dawson 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(3):517-517
Summary The name Pavetta modesta (Hiern) S. E. Dawson is a later homonym of P. modesta Bremek. Pavetta crystalensis is proposed as a new name. 相似文献
11.
Leaf discs of Alocasia macrorrhiza were treated with various stress factors, including two photo-oxidants, methyl viologen (MV) or riboflavin (RB); three pollutants,
sodium bisulphite (NaHSO3), or the heavy metals lead or cadmium; or an osmotic medium, polyethylene glycol 6000. The in situ localisation sites for
O2
− generation were identified using specific dye nitro blue tetrazolium as a probe. The level of superoxide production was determined
by scanning the blue-stained formazan area and was defined as the percentage of pixels from the stained portion versus the
total number of pixels in the entire leaf disc area. All stress factors induced the generation of O2
− in a time- or concentration-dependent pattern. Although superoxide production also was enhanced by longer time periods in
untreated discs (control), the degree to which this occurred was less than that measured in leaves treated with either MV
or RB. Generation sites were primarily found in the chloroplasts of stomatal guard cells and in the plasma membrane of the
epidermis and mesophyll cells, indicating that they were most responsive to stress conditions. Nevertheless, the site of O2
− generation varied among these stress factors. 相似文献
12.
Wang Minqin Zhao Junsheng Peng Zhenying Guo Wei Wang Yun Wang Le Xia Guangmin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):121-130
In order to investigate chromosome elimination in symmetric somatic hybridization between Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Arabidopsis thaliana, protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures of both A. thaliana and B. scorzonerifolium parents. Biparental protoplasts were mixed at a rate of 1.5:1 and fused with PEG-method. After protoplast fusion, the products
were cultured in the P5 liquid medium for microcallus formation. Single cell lines formed from microcalli after subculturing
on the MB1 (Xia and Chen, Plant Sci 120:197–203, 1996) solid medium. The putative somatic hybrid cell lines were identified
by cytological and molecular analysis. Of the 132 somatic cell lines generated, 16 were identified as somatic hybrids, with
the phenotypes resembled B. scorzonerifolium parent. These hybrids showed a complete set of B. scorzonerifolium chromosome and 0–2 small chromosome(s) of A. thaliana. A few of them showed nuclear and cytoplasmic SSR fragments of A. thaliana. These hybrid cell lines could differentiate to green spots, buds/leaves through complementation of regeneration ability.
The chromosomes elimination of A. thaliana was discussed.
Wang Minqin and Zhao Junsheng contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
13.
Brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop of the Indian sub-continent. Yield loss due to fungal disease alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicae is a serious problem in cultivation of this crop. Nonavailability of resistance genes within crossable germplasms of Brassica necessitates use of genetic engineering strategies to develop genetic resistance against this pathogen. The pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are group of plant proteins that are toxic to invading fungal pathogens, but are present in plant in trace amount. Thus, overexpression of PR proteins leads to increased resistance to pathogenic fungi in several crops. The PR protein glucanase hydrolyzes a major cell-wall component, glucan, of pathogenic fungi and acts as a plant defense barrier. We report the expression of a class I basic glucanase gene, under the control of CaMV 35S promoter, in Indian mustard and its genetic resistance against alternaria leaf spot. Southern and Northern hybridization confirmed stable integration and expression of the glucanase gene in mustard transgenics. Several independent transgenics were screened in vitro and under poly house conditions for their resistance against Alternaria brassicae. In an in vitro antifungal assay, transgenics arrested hyphal growth of Alternaria brassicae by 15-54%. Under pathogen-challenged conditions in poly house, the transgenics showed restricted number, size and spread of lesions caused by Alternaria brassicae. Also, the onset of disease was delayed in transgenics compared to untransformed parent plants. The results demonstrate potentiality of a PR protein from a heterologous source in developing alternaria leaf spot resistance in Indian mustard. 相似文献
14.
Valentina Rosu Mark S Chadfield Antonella Santona Jens P Christensen Line E Thomsen Salvatore Rubino John E Olsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2007,49(1):14
Background
Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. There is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines. In the current study, the effect of crp deletion was investigated with respect to virulence and biochemical properties and the possible use of a deletion mutant as vaccine candidate was preliminarily tested. 相似文献15.
O. V. Golovanova V. I. Konenkov A. V. Shevchenko M. V. Smolnikova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(8):981-986
Based on population analysis of the DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and TNFA allele frequency distribution patterns, regional features of immunogenetic structure of the population of West Siberia were
investigated. Statistically significant linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region, as well as between the TNFA and DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 was demonstrated. Population frequency distribution patterns of two- and multilocus haplotypes were examined. 相似文献
16.
To overexpress the chitosanase gene (csn) in F. solani, a vector based on pCAMBIA 1300 was constructed. The csn gene, which is under control of the Aspergillus nidulans
gpdA promoter and A. nidulans trpC terminator, was introduced back into the F. solani genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, and the herbicide-resistance gene bar from Streptomyces hygroscopicus was used as the selection marker. Transformants which showed a significant increase in chitosanase production (~2.1-fold
than control) were obtained. Southern blot analysis indicated that most transformants had a single-copy T-DNA integration. 相似文献
17.
The life cycle and developmental stages of Aylax hypecoi (Trotter, 1913, Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Aylacini) were studied in detail. Aylax hypecoi is known to induce galls in fruits of two Hypecoum species — H. imberbe and H. geslini (Papaveraceae) and the larva develops in host plant fruits. The morphology and development of egg, larva and pupa were investigated, which
has previously not been done. The shape and size of terminal-instar larvae and associated galls are sex-specific. Overwintering
stage, adult emergence and flying periods, and egg productivity were studied also. 相似文献
18.
Hiroyoshi Kubo 《Mycoscience》2009,50(5):400-406
Pilobolus crystallinus shows unique photoresponses at various growing stages. cDNAs for putative photoreceptors were cloned from this fungus. Three
genes named pcmada1, pcmada2, and pcmada3 were identified from the PCR fragments, and amplified with degenerated primers for the LOV domain, which is conserved in
many blue-light receptors. Deduced amino acid sequences for PCMADA1, PCMADA2, and PCMADA3 had one light-oxygen-voltage (LOV)-sensing
and two PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) domains. A zinc finger DNA-binding motif was conserved in the C-terminals of PCMADA1 and PCMADA3.
However, PCMADA2 lacked the zinc finger motif. Expression of pcmada1 was suppressed by blue light whereas that of pcmada3 was promoted by blue-light irradiation. 相似文献
19.
The intron sequence of chloroplast rpS16 and the secondary structure of its pre-mRNA were characterized for the first time in 26 Allium sativum accessions of different ecologo-geographical origins and seven related Allium species. The boundaries and main stem-loop consensus sequences were identified for all six domains of the intron. Polymorphism
was estimated for the total intron and its regions. The structural regions of the rpS16 intron proved to be heterogeneous for mutation rate and spectrum. Mutations were most abundant in domains II and IV, and
transition predominated in domains I, III, V, and VI. In addition to structural elements and motifs typical for group IIB
introns, several Allium-specific micro- and macrostructural mutations were revealed. A 290-bp deletion involving domains III and IV and part of domain
V was observed in A. altaicum, A. fistulosum, and A. schoenoprasum. Several indels and nucleotide substitutions were found to cause a deviation of the pre-mRNA secondary structure from the
consensus model of group II introns. 相似文献
20.
Hiroki Saito Qingbo Yuan Yutaka Okumoto Kazuyuki Doi Atsushi Yoshimura Hiromo Inoue Masayoshi Teraishi Takuji Tsukiyama Takatoshi Tanisaka 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(2):315-323
A recently established rice breeding program in low latitudes aims to develop varieties with extremely long basic vegetative
growth (BVG) periods and weak photoperiod sensitivities. The Taiwanese japonica variety Taichung 65 (T65) harbors a recessive allele ef1 at the Ef1 (Early flowering 1) locus, thereby exhibiting an extremely long BVG period. The previous reported functional allele Ehd1 (Early heading date 1), located on chromosome 10, encodes a B-type response regulator, thereby shortening the BVG period, whereas its nonfunctional
allele ehd1 greatly prolongs the BVG period. A conventional analysis using F2 and F3 populations and a subsequent CAPS analysis based on the amino acid sequences of Ehd1 and ehd1 showed that Ef1 and Ehd1 were at the same locus. The CAPS analysis also indicated that the Taiwanese japonica varieties with extremely long BVG periods all harbor ef1, but that ef1 does not exist among indica and japonica varieties in the low latitudes. Since ef1 has not been found in any japonica varieties outside Taiwan, this allele might have originated in Taiwan. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant allele
ef1-h, which prolongs the BVG period even more than ef1 does, harbors an mPing insertion in exon 2, which causes the complete loss of gene function. Our results indicate that both ef1 or ef1-h alleles can be used as new gene sources in developing rice varieties with extremely long BVG periods for low latitudes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献