鸡腿菇液体深层发酵工艺条件的研究

目的：研究碳源、氮源、接种量、初始pH值、温度等对鸡腿菇深层发酵的生物量和多糖产量的影响。方法：通过摇瓶培养确定了该菌株的发酵优化条件,在此条件下,获得了较高的多糖产量。结论：结果表明葡萄糖、酵母浸粉有利于鸡腿菇菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成,在初始pH值6、接种量10％、温度26℃、250ml摇瓶装液量l00ml的条件下,鸡腿菇深层发酵结果最佳,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定,确定了鸡腿菇适宜发酵周期为144h,胞外多糖最高可达1．98g/L。     

汉逊德巴利酵母发酵葡萄糖生产D-阿拉伯糖醇

从378株耐高渗酵母中,筛选到1株由葡萄糖发酵高产D-阿拉伯糖醇的酵母。通过生理生化和分子生物学的鉴定,证实该菌株为Debaryomyces hansenii,保藏编号CICIM Y 0504。研究该酵母摇瓶发酵的主要影响因素,确定其摇瓶发酵条件为:葡萄糖200 g/L,酵母膏10 g/L,初始pH值3,装液量20 mL/250 mL,温度30℃。在此条件下发酵120 h,D-阿拉伯糖醇浓度达90.37 g/L,转化率45.18%。在15 L发酵罐对该酵母进行扩大培养,结果表明,初始葡萄糖浓度200 g/L的分批发酵产D-阿拉伯糖醇64.07 g/L,转化率33.94%;葡萄糖浓度控制在30～50 g/L的分批补料发酵产D-阿拉伯糖醇125 g/L,转化率37.5%。研究结果对葡萄糖发酵生产D-阿拉伯糖醇工业化的实现具有重要启示。     

海洋红酵母的液体培养

目的探讨提高海洋红酵母的液体高密度培养方法。方法在摇瓶培养条件下,测定温度、pH、装液量、接种量及摇床转速对海洋红酵母BY2菌株生长的影响,进一步放大培养至50L发酵罐,在培养过程流加氨水以控制pH稳定在5.3~5.5的条件下,考察不同葡萄糖浓度对海洋红酵母BY2菌株发酵菌量的影响。结果摇瓶最适培养条件为温度25℃,pH 5.5,接种量8%、装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶、摇床转速200r/min,在此培养条件下,24h时菌量达到8.9×108 CFU/mL;扩大至50L发酵罐,葡萄糖初始浓度为40、60、80、100g/L各罐20~24h时的菌量相应达到26.6×108、29.5×108、47.8×108、66.8×108 CFU/mL。结论提高初始葡萄糖浓度,流加氨水稳定发酵过程的pH,可以显著提高BY2菌株的发酵菌量。     

发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了碳源浓度、氮源种类和浓度对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporonfermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,对发酵产油脂条件的初步优化结果为:在葡萄糖100 g/L、蛋白胨1.8 g/L、初始pH 7.0的培养基中,以10%的接种量,于33℃、190 r/min的摇床上发酵120 h,可得菌体生物量为18.2 g/L,干细胞的油脂含量为68.5%。     

大肠杆菌甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)的敲除及其对甘油产量的影响

利用Red重组系统构建了大肠杆菌JM109甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)缺失的双突变菌株JM109B,然后将表达酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(GPD1)和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因(HOR2)的质粒pSE-gpd1-hor2转化到JM109B突变菌株中,在含1%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基中37℃发酵24 h,甘油的最高产量为5.61 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍;在30 L发酵罐中发酵28 h,甘油的最高产量为103.12 g/L,是原始菌株JM109/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.59倍,是原始菌株BL21/pSE-gpd1-hor2甘油产量的1.41倍,葡萄糖转化率为50.39%。     

营养及环境因素对黄色短杆菌发酵生产L-亮氨酸的影响

目的:研究葡萄糖、玉米浆、蛋氨酸等主要营养物质以及环境因素对发酵生产L-亮氨酸的影响。方法:应用单因素实验确定发酵条件,采用高效液相色谱法测定产量。结果:在最优发酵条件下,以种龄36h、接种量为10%,摇瓶产L-亮氨酸的量可达19.4g/L,采用10L罐分批补料发酵64h可积累29.47g/L的亮氨酸。结论:营养及环境因素对发酵生产L-亮氨酸具有重要影响。     

混合菌发酵1,3-丙二醇的初步研究

将表达酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶基因(GPD1)和3-磷酸甘油酯酶基因(HOR2)的质粒PSE-gpd1-hor2转化到甘油激酶基因(glpK)和甘油脱氢酶基因(gldA)双缺失的大肠杆菌JM109C中,构建产甘油的工程菌JM109C/PSE-gpd1-hor2.接种JM109C/pSE-gpd1-hor2和Klebsiella在含1%葡萄糖的摇瓶发酵培养基中37℃发酵56 h,1,3-丙二醇的最高产量为1.28 g/L,葡萄糖摩尔转化率为37.5%;在30 L发酵罐中发酵68 h,1,3-丙二醇的最高产量为24.09 g/L,葡萄糖摩尔转化率为38.0%;5 g/L的乙酸、乳酸,10 g/L的乙醇分别使1,3-丙二醇的产量降低了91.41%、54.68%和51.56%.     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌合成5-氨基乙酰丙酸的途径构建与发酵优化

5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-amino levulinic acid,ALA)是生物体内天然存在的一种非蛋白质氨基酸,在农业和医药等领域应用广泛。为了在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中建立ALA碳四合成途径并优化其发酵体系,首先在谷氨酸棒状杆菌中过表达沼泽红假单胞菌来源的ALA合成酶(ALAS),建立高效的ALA碳四合成途径,然后从不同发酵培养基的比较、诱导剂和底物甘氨酸的浓度以及初始接种量等不同方面对ALA摇瓶发酵工艺进行了优化。结果显示,过表达Hem A的13032/p ZWA1菌株ALA产量达到1.41 g/L,是对照菌株的67.14倍。ALA的最优摇瓶发酵条件为以酵母粉为氮源的M9培养基,采用5%的接种量0.1 mmol/L IPTG进行Hem A的诱导表达,体系中甘氨酸的浓度要控制在4 g/L,摇瓶中ALA产量可达到3.28 g/L,比优化前提高了132.62%。采用发酵优化的条件,在5 L发酵罐的放大发酵中ALA产量可达10.08 g/L,这是现有报道中谷氨酸棒状杆菌一步发酵合成ALA的最高产量。     

低能离子注入L-乳酸生产菌种选育与发酵条件初步优化

通过20keV氮离子注入L-乳酸生产菌(Bacillus coagulans)筛选到一株产量比出发菌株提高10％的高产菌株RS12-6C,经多次传代实验表明该菌遗传稳定性较好。并对其发酵条件如接种量、装液量、摇床转速、温度等进行初步优化,在含糖150g/L的摇瓶中发酵,其L-乳酸产量达到117g/L。     

红酵母NZ-01发酵条件的优化

以红酵母菌株NZ-01为试验菌株,研究其发酵工艺与中试生产。采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响,并进行中试放大生产。结果显示,该菌最适生长培养基组分为葡萄糖10g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏10g/L,牛肉膏2.5g/L;色素合成最适培养基组分为葡萄糖15g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏2.5g/L,牛肉膏5g/L。最适生长起始pH值为6.0,最适接种量为8%,生长周期为44h;最适色素合成起始pH值为7.0,最适色素合成接种量为8%,色素合成周期为48h。发酵优化后的色素产量3.88μg/mL较优化前1.71μg/mL提高了127%。中试产量达3.05μg/mL。红酵母菌NZ-01优化后的发酵条件可以应用于中试生产虾青素,有规模化生产应用潜力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.