珠江口盆地揭阳凹陷早渐新世-中新世古生物地层及沉积环境

位于珠江口盆地揭阳凹陷的S1井是盆地东南部唯一钻井,其地层和沉积环境分析意义重大。本研究通过对S1井孢粉、有孔虫和钙质超微化石地层对比分析,确定了所钻地层时代。井段(3 326.5～2 950 m)共鉴定孢粉40属62种,孢粉组合无明显变化,以桤木粉-双束松粉为主,组合与盆地内渐新统珠海组相同。整个分析段3 326.5～2 059.5 m共鉴定浮游有孔虫11属41种,依据标准种首末现事件共划分出P19-N6 5个带或联合化石带。钙质超微化石共鉴定8属24种,划分NP23-NN4共5个钙质超微化石带。综合判定:地层时代为早渐新世-早中新世(～31-18 Ma),渐新统与中新统的界限在2 876.5 m附近。利用浮游有孔虫的丰度和底栖有孔虫的组合来判别该地层的沉积环境,认为揭阳凹陷S1井在早渐新世-早中新世均为陆坡深水环境,水深1 000 m。     

南海184站深海沉积中孢粉、藻类研究及古环境分析

对南海184站深海柱状剖面进行了孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将南海184站深海沉积从下至上划分了5个孢粉组合带,依次为:Ⅰ带(460-370 cm):Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Dacrydium-Magnolia-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅱ带(370-250 cm):Taxodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅲ带(250-140 cm):Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Gramineae-Pteridium孢粉带;Ⅳ带(140-95 cm):Polypodiaceae-Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Gramineae孢粉带;Ⅴ带(95-0 cm):Dacrydium-Pinus-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae孢粉带.并相应恢复了南海东部12万年以来4个植被、气候和古环境演替阶段,结合氧同位素测年资料,对184站柱状地层时代划分做了讨论,为南海古植被、古气候和古环境演变研究提供了科学依据.     

渤海辽中凹陷古近系孢粉组合带及地层划分

利用孢粉图示、Q型系统聚类分析等方法,对辽中凹陷JZ16-4-1,JZ21-1-1,JZ25-1-3,JZ31-2E-1等钻井的206块样品进行孢粉分析,结果显示:辽中坳陷古近系沙三段到东营组一段划分为6个孢粉组合带;结合渤海湾盆地其它凹陷的古近系孢粉地层研究发现辽中凹陷东营组孢粉组合带与南堡凹陷和冀中拗陷分带结果较为相似,与黄河口凹陷和东濮凹陷有较大差异;孢粉组合带特征表明,辽中凹陷古近系气候以温暖湿润为主,略有波动,是形成孢粉分带的主要原因。     

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地晚白垩世嫩江组孢粉植物群

开鲁盆地白垩系发育,至今已有200余口探井钻遇到上白垩统,其中嫩江组滨浅湖相沉积地层厚度稳定,分布广泛,含较丰富的孢粉化石。通过对嫩江组孢粉化石的系统研究,建立了以Schizaeoisporites-BeaupreaiditesLythraites为代表的孢粉组合。孢粉组合和岩石组合的对比表明,开鲁盆地缺失松辽盆地嫩江组中上部地层。根据沉积特征和孢粉植物群面貌,对古植被、古气候和古环境进行了讨论,认为本区晚白垩世处于东北中生孢粉植物区南缘,孢粉植物群具有过渡性质,反应了偏干的暖温带—亚热带气候特征。     

黑龙江省柳树河盆地古近系八虎力组孢粉组合及其时代和古环境意义

黑龙江省东部柳树河盆地古近系八虎力组为一套含油页岩矿床的地层。目前,对其时代的认定还没有确切的古生物学依据,尚存在不同的看法,同时,关于成矿环境的探讨也较薄弱。通过对该套地层开展系统的孢粉学研究,由下向上划分了4个孢粉组合,分别是Quercoidites-Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合、Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合、Polypodiaceaesporites-Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceaesporites组合。根据孢粉组合特征,详细讨论了孢粉组合的地质时代,指出八虎力组时代为中始新世至晚始新世。根据孢粉组合的组成情况推测,八虎力组沉积时为亚热带-暖温带温暖湿润气候下的山间盆地环境。在山地高处生长有针、阔叶混交林植被,在低洼处生长有湿地水生植物、蕨类和苔藓类,从而有利于油页岩的形成和保存。温度向上可能有所降低,但幅度并不大。     

南海北部珠江口盆地深水区LW5井晚渐新世——早中新世孢粉组合

本文对南海北部珠江口盆地深水区LW5井3 070—3 480m井段81个孢粉样品进行了分析,共鉴定86个孢粉属种类型;另有沟鞭藻和有孔虫内膜。根据孢粉和藻类化石组合面貌、丰度变化和特征分子的分布规律,将研究井段地层划分为2个孢粉组合:3 070—3 325m井段为Polypodiaceaesporites-Dinocysts组合,层位相当于珠江组,时代为早中新世。本组合含丰富的沟鞭藻和微有孔虫,孢粉以Graminidites,Zonocostatites和Chenopodipollis等为主,沉积环境为滨浅海,气温较高,指示了湿润的热带、亚热带古气候;3 330—3 470m井段为AlnipollenitesPinuspollenites组合,与珠海组层位相当,地层时代为晚渐新世。本组合沟鞭藻和微有孔虫少量出现,孢粉含丰富的Pinuspollenites和Abietineaepollenites,出现较多的Cedripites等,反映海陆交互的古环境,显示了气温低的亚热带古气候。     

松辽盆地梨树断陷早白垩世微体古生物、沉积环境以及控油意义

根据松辽盆地梨树断陷早白垩世地层中孢粉百分含量的纵向变化特征,建立了自下而上各层组的孢粉组合。通过分析孢粉、藻类以及介形类的古环境指示特征,恢复了梨树断陷地层的气温带、古植被、干湿度以及湖水古盐度。沙河子组沉积时期为温暖潮湿的中亚热带气候,古植被为针叶林和灌草丛,湖水为淡水、微咸水;营城组沉积时期为南亚热带气候,古植被为针叶林和灌草丛,湖水同样为淡水、微咸水;到了登娄库组沉积时期,气候变得炎热干旱,为热带气候,古植被为针叶林,湖水则变为半咸水。本文的研究结果可以有效指示地层的划分与对比以及沉积环境的分析。同时,结合盆地发育讨论了古气候变化的控油意义,古气候的变化控制着烃源岩和储层的发育与分布。     

松辽盆地来D13井地层划分对比研究

岩石组合特征和同位素数据表明,松辽盆地来D13井137.0—142.0m井段属于早白垩世晚期(Aptian—Albian期)营城组。104.2—137.0m井段光山核桃粉(Caryapollenites simplex)-拟榛莫米粉(Momipites coryloides)-朴粉未定种(Celtispollenites sp.)-具缘铁杉粉(Tsugaepollenites igniculus)组合特征可以与前人的大安组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生气候,而与晚白垩世嫩江组的孢粉组合特征截然不同,应该确定为早中新世晚期至中中新世的大安组。54.2—104.2m井段小蒿粉(Artemisiaepollenites minor)-拟桦粉未定种(Betulaceoipollenites sp.)-枥粉未定种(Carpinipites sp.)-水龙骨单缝孢未定种(Polypodiaceaesporites sp.)组合特征可以与前人的泰康组孢粉组合特征对比,反映的都是暖温带至北亚热带中生偏旱气候,这与前人依据岩石组合特征确定为泰康组的结论一致,孢粉组合时代分析表明,该井段沉积的时间为晚中新世至上新世初期。研究结果丰富了松辽盆地新近纪孢粉地层学内容,为松辽盆地西部斜坡区井下新近纪孢粉地层学对比提供了新资料,也为邻区新近纪生物地层学对比以及古植被和古气候分析提供了新的依据。     

新疆玛纳斯河畔红沟剖面西山窑组和头屯河组孢粉组合及地层意义

本文系统地研究了新疆玛纳斯河红沟剖面西山窑组和头屯河组孢粉化石,共计51属108种。根据孢粉属种组成及其含量的变化,自下而上分为2套组合:1.Cyathidites-Neoraistrisckia-Disacciatrileti(CND)组合,2.Cyathidites-Disacciatrileti-Classopollis(CDC)组合。依据组合中一些重要分子的地质时限讨论及其与相关组合的对比,将“CND”组合的地质时代归为中侏罗世早期,“CDC”组合归为中侏罗世晚期。在综合分析和对比新疆一些地区中侏罗世孢粉组合的基础上,自下而上建立了2个孢粉组合带,即:Cyathidites-Neoraistrisckia-Quadraeculina-Cycadopites(CNQC)组合带,Cyathidites-Quadraeculina-Classopollis(CQC)组合带。     

新疆吐鲁番─哈密盆地晚三叠世黄山街组、郝家沟组孢粉植物群及其意义

本文对新疆吐鲁番－哈密盆地３口石油探井中黄山街组、郝家沟组共１０８块样品进行了孢粉分析研究。自下而上建立了晚三叠世两个孢粉组合,即Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ａｌｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｏｓ－ｍｕｎｄａｃｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｈｏｒｄａｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,讨论了组合特征及其时代,并与国内外有关层位及化石群进行了分析比较;探讨了孢粉植物群所反映的古植被和古气候。     

BASAL CAMBRIAN MICROFOSSILS FROM THE YURTUS AND XISHANBLAQ FORMATIONS (TARIM, NORTH-WEST CHINA): SYSTEMATIC REVISION AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF MICRHYSTRIDIUM-LIKE ACRITARCHS

Abstract:  Micrhystridium -like acritarchs are widely distributed in basal Cambrian cherts and phosphorites in South China. This paper describes similar acritarchs from the basal Cambrian Yurtus and Xishanblaq formations in Tarim, north-west China. The taxonomy of these acritarchs is revised. The basal Cambrian acritarch assemblage in Tarim and South China is characterized by three genera: Asteridium Moczydłowska, Heliosphaeridium Moczydłowska and Comasphaeridium Staplin, Jansonius and Pocock. This assemblage is named the Asteridium - Heliosphaeridium - Comasphaeridium (AHC) acritarch assemblage. In both South China and Tarim, the AHC acritarch assemblage is associated with the tubular microfossil Megathrix longus Yin L. and the small shelly fossil Kaiyangites novilis Qian and Yin G. This assemblage also occurs in the Lower Tal Formation in the Lesser Himalaya. Correlation with small shelly fossil (SSF) assemblages indicates that the AHC assemblage is restricted to the Meishucunian Stage, and possibly to the lower Meishucunian ( Anabarites trisulcatus - Protohertzina anabarica and Siphogonuchites triangularis - Paragloborilus subglobosus SSF assemblages). The AHC assemblage is broadly similar to the Asteridium tornatum - Comasphaeridium velvetum (acritarch) Zone in the East European Platform, which is considered to be Nemakit-Daldynian (and possibly Tommotian) in age.     

Tertiary Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of-Zhujiangkou Pearl River North Basin and Its Stratigraphicai Significance

The Tertiary sediments in the Zhujiangkou (Pearl River North) Basin are well developed, containing very rich pollens and spores. Polynological research has been going on since 1977. According to the characters, they may be divided into seven palynological assemblages as follows: 1. Taxodiaceaepollenites-Gothanipollis assemblage (Corresponding to the Baoan Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Alnipollenites, Quercoidites, Liquidam- barpollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites and Pinuspollenites. In addition it contains some Polypoiisporites, Ostryoipollenites, Retitricolpites, and rare characteristic species: Utri-culariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites, Trilobapollis leps, T. ellipticus, Opcrculumpollis operculatus, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor and Gothanipollis bassensis, referring to Early-Middle Oligocene age. 2. Ostryoipollenites-PinuspoUenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhuhai Formation). The assemblage is similar to the preceding assemblage. In the same manner are well development of Quercoidites, Ostryoipollenites, AlnipoUenitcs, Liquidambarpollenites, Polypodiisporites, Pinuspollenites, Dicolpopollis, with a certain amount of Cupuliferoipollenites, Dacrydiumites, Cedripites, Ulmipollcnites, and minority of Trilobapollis, but such older pollen grains as Utriculariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites and Opcrculumpollis operculatus have never been discovered harein. Its age is Late Oligocene. 3.Quercoidites-Retitricolpites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhujiang Formation). The assemblage is different to the preceding assemblage inacute attenuation of Ostryoipollenites, Alnipollenites, Pinuspollenites and Cedripites, some oleder Angiospermonus pollen as Trilobapollis, Gothanipollis, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor have never been discovered herein. The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Quercoidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Dicolpopollis and Retitricolpites. In addition present many Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata and F. levipoli and Zonocostites cf. ramonae, suggeting Early Miocene. 4. Florschuetzia trilobata-F, semilobata assemblage (Corresponding to the Lower member of the Hanjing Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata, Cupuliferoipollenites and Polypodiisporites. In addition it contains some Polypodiaceaesporites, Quercoidites, Rctetricolpites and rare Florschuetzia levipoli and Zonocostatites of ramonae, probably referred to the Early stage of Middle Miocene. Florschuetzia levipoli-Zonocostatites cf. ramonae assemblage (Corresponding to the Upper member of the Hanjiang Formation). The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Florschutzia levipoli, F. trilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, Cupuliferoipollenites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Polypodiisporites, and also by preferred of F. semilobata, Quercoidites, Dicolpopollis, probably referred to the Late stage of Middle Miocene. 6. Chenopodipollis-Cupuliferoipollenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Yuechai Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Cupuliferoipollenites, and presence of Graminidites, Chenopodipollis, Polypodiisporites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, but pollen grains F. trilobata have never been discovered herein, assigned to Late Miocene. 7. Cupuliferoipollenites-Polypodiaceae assemblage (Corresponding to the Wanshan Formation). The assemblage consists of Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Cupuliferoipollenites, and also by presence Graminidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Quercoidites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, referring to Pliocene age. According to the present sporopollen assemblage, it may be supposed the paleoclimate of Zhujiangkou (Pearl River Mouth) Basin in the Oligocene Epoch was certainly rather cold and arid; in the Neogene Period was warn and wet.     

Early and Middle Jurassic Sporo-Pollen Assemblages of Qiquanhu Coal-Field of Turpan Xinjiang

One hundred and thirteen species of spores and pollens belonging to 58 genera were found from 66 core samples taken from two boreholes of the Early and Middle Jurassic deposits in the Qiquanhu coal-field of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang have been investigated in this paper. Two of the species are described as new. Three sporo-pollen zones from lower to upper are described as follows: Sporo-pollen zone Ⅰ (equivalent bed: Badaowan Formation) . The pteridophytic spores are slightly more abundant than the gymnospermous pollen in this assemblage. The most abundant spores are Cyathidites minor, C. australis and Undulatisporites pflugii, U. taenus and so on. The second important fern spores are Osmundacidites, Lycopodiumsporites, Apiculatisporis and Duplexisporites. The most important gymnospermous genus is Cycadopites which ranks highest in the assemblage and includes C. nitidus and C. typicus.The other gymnospermous pollen include Classopollis, Pinuspollenites, Protoconiferus Piceites. Besides, there are a few pollen grains of Taeniaesporites and Chordasporites surviving from the Late Triassic in this assemblage. The present assemblage may be compared with the Early Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Daling Formation of the North-East Guangxi. Therefore, the Badaowan Formtion may be referred to Early Jurassic in age, probably Early Lias. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅱ (equivalent bed: Sangonghe Formation) In this assemblage the gymnosperms are predominant.Of them, Podocarpidites and Pinuspollenites increase obviously, and Quadraeculina and Protoconiferus are common. Few surviving elements are observed. The most abundant spores are those of Cyathidites, and the particularly abundant pollens are those of Cycadopites, This assemblage may be compared with the Late Lias sporo-pollen assemblage from the Fuxian Formation of the Northern Shangganning Basin. Therefore, the Sangonghe Formation should belong to Early Jurassic, probably Late Lias in age. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅲ (equivalent bed: Xishanyao Formation). The contents of the spores and pollens are almost equal in this assemblage. Cyathidites and Cycadopites are the most important spores and pollen. Osmundacidites and Quadraeculina are common. Neoraistrickia, Lycopodiumsporites and Eucommiidites troedssonii are present. Ancient striate bisaccate pollen disappears. The characteristics of this assemblage show some resemblances to those of the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation in Chongxin county of Gansu province. So the Xishanyao Formation should belong to Middle Jurassic.     

Variation in growth and drug susceptibility among Giardia duodenalis assemblages A, B and E in axenic in vitro culture and in the gerbil model

This study investigated the molecular and biological variation among different Giardia duodenalis assemblages. In vitro growth and susceptibility to albendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, metronidazole, tinidazole and furazolidone was studied for laboratory (AI: WB, AII: G1 and B: GS/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype AI, AII, B and EIII. Additionally, isolates of the 3 assemblages were evaluated in the gerbil upon 3-day oral treatment with albendazole (6 mg/kg), flubendazole (5 mg/kg) and metronidazole (20 mg/kg). Assemblage AI grew significantly faster than all other assemblage subtypes, which showed comparable generation times. The assemblage A laboratory strains displayed altered in vitro drug susceptibilities compared to their matching AI or AII field isolate. No variation in drug susceptibility was observed between field isolates of assemblages A and E. However, assemblage A laboratory strains were more susceptible to the benzimidazoles and less susceptible to the nitro-imidazoles and furazolidone than the assemblage B laboratory strain. In the gerbil, no markedly different drug susceptibilities were observed. In conclusion, the Giardia assemblage subtype can be associated with differences in growth characteristics rather than in drug susceptibility.     

我国泥盆纪鱼类的分布、组合和性质

文中记述了我国泥盆纪鱼类化石分布情况,并根据已描述的化石建立8个组合。     

Intestinal growth and pathology of Giardia duodenalis assemblage subtype A(I), A(II), B and E in the gerbil model

This study investigated the significance of the genetic differences between assemblages A, B and E on intestinal growth and virulence. Intestinal growth and virulence were studied in 2 laboratory (A(I): WB and B: GS/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype A(I), A(II), B and E(III). Intestinal trophozoite burdens, body weight and faecal consistency were monitored until day 29 post-infection (p.i.), morphological (mucosal architecture and inflammation) and functional (disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity) damage to the small intestine were evaluated on days 7 and 18 p.i. The assemblage subtypes A(I) and B were more infectious and produced higher trophozoite loads for a longer period compared to the subtypes A(II) and E(III). The body weight of infected gerbils was significantly reduced compared to uninfected controls, but did not differ between the assemblage subtypes. Consistent softening of the faeces was only observed with assemblage B. Assemblage B next to assemblage subtype A(I) elicited relatively higher pathogenicity, characterized by more extensive damage to mucosal architecture, decreased brush-border enzyme function and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Assemblage E(III) and A(II) isolates showed relatively low virulence. The Giardia assemblage subtypes exhibit different levels of growth and virulence in the gerbil model.     

Is assemblage variability related to environmental variability? An answer for riverine fish

We examine the variability of riverine fish assemblages in terms of assemblage stability (i.e. variability of numbers of individuals within species over time and variability of assemblage total density), assemblage persistence, and assemblage species richness using data from a 9-yr survey of 27 sites within 18 coastal streams of North-western France. To do so, we test a hypothesized directional model for the expected relationships between environmental variability, assemblage variability, assemblage persistence, and assemblage species richness: 1) environmental variability within a given system is likely to generate variable local population size within this system, thus increasing local assemblages variability; 2) environmental variability should increase extinction rates (or, under constant colonization rates, decrease persistence), because the more population sizes vary within an assemblage, the more likely they are to become zero in some period of time; 3) assemblage variability should reduce assemblage species richness by increasing extinction rates within populations composing these assemblages. Results are compatible with our starting hypotheses and show that assemblage variability increased with environmental variability (i.e. discharge variability), that assemblage persistence decreased with environmental variability, and that species richness decreased with assemblage variability after environmental factors were controlled for. Thus, disturbance regimes, in our case, can alter the stability properties of assemblages and extrinsic determinants of assemblage variability may be an important determinant of assemblage species richness. These results have important conservation and management implications, due to the strong impact of river regulation on flow regimes.     

河北唐山西域山晚寒武世长山组的树形笔石

本文对东秦岭南部湖北郧西地区早石炭世四射珊瑚进行了研究,系统描述了11科中的24属和39种,其中包含2新属和21新种。本区早石炭世四射珊瑚拟划分为4个组合带:范家坪组上部Palaeosmilia-Lithostrotion组合带,下部Yuanophyllum组合带。袁家沟组上部Shennongia majus组合带,下部Zaphrentoides组合带。范家坪组是新建的组名。文中也讨论了Cystophrentis的分布时限,及其与Shennongia的亲缘关系。此外,Neoclisiophyllum在本区与岩关期的Shennongia共生,出现的时间早于华南各地。     

The relationship between carbon and biovolume in marine microbial mesocosms under different nutrient regimes

Nutrient manipulation experiments were conducted on a natural planktonic community in outdoor mesocosms. Inorganic nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) were added to achieve N:Si ratios of 1:1 and 4:1. Total particulate carbon (PC) biomass of the microbial assemblage was determined by elemental analysis. Cell volume measurements by microscope on individual components of the community (bacteria, diatoms, photosynthetic nanoflagellates, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, dinoflagellates and ciliates) were also made. We applied published C:volume relationships to determine the volume estimated C content (CBV) of these microbial groups and hence of the total assemblage. The total CBV and total PC were compared to test the applicability of C:volume relationships under different nutrient regimes both before and after nutrient exhaustion. For initial N:Si ratios of 1:1, prior to nutrient exhaustion, the relationship between CBV and PC was linear with a gradient of approximately 1, (0.99?±?0.06), indicating that the published C:volume relationships accurately predicted the C content of the microbial assemblage. For N:Si ratios of 4:1, a linear relationship was again evident between CBV and PC (slope: 1.36?±?0.08). However, statistical comparison using a general linear model indicated that the gradient of this relationship differed significantly from that when the N:Si ratio was 1:1, and hence CBV overestimated elemental C. For both N:Si ratios, subsequent to nutrient exhaustion (N or Si), and hence when the diatom fraction of the microbial assemblage was in yield-limited post-exponential phase, the two measures of biomass were not well correlated. This indicated that measured cytoplasmic cell volume was a poor indicator of C biomass within the microbial assemblage in nutrient-deplete conditions.     

A balance of winners and losers in the Anthropocene

Scientists disagree about the nature of biodiversity change. While there is evidence for widespread declines from population surveys, assemblage surveys reveal a mix of declines and increases. These conflicting conclusions may be caused by the use of different metrics: assemblage metrics may average out drastic changes in individual populations. Alternatively, differences may arise from data sources: populations monitored individually, versus whole‐assemblage monitoring. To test these hypotheses, we estimated population change metrics using assemblage data. For a set of 23 241 populations, 16 009 species, in 158 assemblages, we detected significantly accelerating extinction and colonisation rates, with both rates being approximately balanced. Most populations (85%) did not show significant trends in abundance, and those that did were balanced between winners (8%) and losers (7%). Thus, population metrics estimated with assemblage data are commensurate with assemblage metrics and reveal sustained and increasing species turnover.