湖北水稻蛀秆螟虫越冬情况调查

水稻蛀秆螟虫是生产上的一类重要害虫。为了明确湖北省水稻蛀秆螟虫的种群发生现状和幼虫越冬情况,为害虫防治提供科学依据,本文从2013年至2016年连续调查研究了武穴、崇阳、广水、曾都、公安和远安等地螟虫的越冬生物学。对蛀秆螟虫越冬生物学的研究与分析结果表明,目前湖北省田间蛀秆螟虫发生种类为二化螟、三化螟和大螟,未见有褐边螟和台湾稻螟等。其中,二化螟为田间发生优势种群;三化螟仅在部分地区零星发生;大螟亦有一定程度地发生,并有加重趋势,应当引起重视和关注。这几种螟虫均以高龄老熟幼虫在稻茬中越冬,且在虫龄分布、越冬部位和头部朝向等方面存在明显的趋性,可能与其耐寒性、地区气候和栽培制度等有关。并对螟虫发生现状与栽培制度的关系进行了深入的探讨。     

川北稻区三化螟种群回升原因浅析

<正> 螟虫是川北稻区的主要害虫,建国初期种植单季中稻,以二化螟 Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为主,水稻改制后,单、双并存,二化螟种群下降,三化螟Tryporyza incertulas(Walker)上升为优势种群,这时期三化螟三代     

关于大螟中名商榷

大螟(Sesamia inferens Walker)是我国水稻重要害虫之一。朱弘复等(1964)认为:“大螟沿用已久,实系夜蛾,非螟蛾。如有适当名称,应予纠正。”很有道理。 根据中文命名原则,设想中名改为“稻蛀茎夜蛾”。     

稻螟赤眼蜂在稻螟种群演替中的作用雏议

<正> 我国为害水稻的螟虫,以三化螟Tryporyzaincertulas(Walker)和二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为主。我国水稻改制的经验证明,水稻栽培制度的改革,是稻螟种群演替的首要因素。在改制前,多数地区栽培制度比较简单,或单季中稻、单季晚稻,或双季间作,不利于三化     

广东晚造水稻三化螟虫卵之寄生蜂保护利用初步试验

一. 绪言 三化螟虫(Schoenobius incertellus Walker)为稻作主要害虫之一,稻谷损失,在1949年苏南约达十亿斤,浙江二十亿斤。据现有的历史资料与解放後三年来之估计,在螟害分布区域被害严重之年份,稻谷损失当在一百亿斤以上。根据现有之螟虫分布区域舆被害程度部分调查材料,即可得出明确结论:三化螟是水稻     

茶树六种重要钻蛀性害虫形态及为害的记述

1953年至1957年,作者在福建省福安县城关、坦洋、社口,福鼎县白琳,崇安县赤石等主要茶区对茶树害虫种类及发生情况作了初步的调查,在工作进行中,发现除了茶毛虫等重要食叶性害虫外,数种钻蛀性害虫也已成为茶叶生产上重要的威胁因素,为此,曾着重地进行了调查研究。它们的名称是:茶枝蛀蛾(Casmara patrona Meyrick)、茶梢蛀蛾(Parametriotes theae Kus.)、茶堆砂蛀蛾(Linoclostis gonatias Meyrick)、茶天牛(Aeo-lesthes induta Newman)、茶红颈天牛(Chreonoma atritarsis Pic)、茶吉丁虫(Agrilussp.)。     

连载讲座—我国的大害虫(二)——水稻螟虫的简单介绍

名称及分类地位:在我国为害水稻的螟虫共有三种,其中二化螟(Chilo simplex Butler)及三化螟(Schoenobius incertellus Walker)     

利用改进方法预测白蜡窄吉丁在国内的适生区

白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis在我国正由一种本土次要害虫上升为主要害虫,明确其可能的适生范围、指导各地区及早采取防范措施非常必要.本研究考虑气候、寄主树种分布、气候-寄主树种分布综合数据分别构建模型进行白蜡窄吉丁潜在适生区预测和分析,以期建立一种能够更加准确预测钻蛀类害虫潜在分布区的改进方法.除气候条件外,寄主树种的分布是影响白蜡窄吉丁分布的重要因素,应参与蛀干类昆虫适生区的预测.将非生物因素(气候)以及生物因素(寄主树种分布)作为单一变量时得到的预测结果进行叠加,更加符合白蜡窄吉丁分布现状和生存特性.白蜡窄吉丁在我国仍有继续向中部、南部等未发生区传播扩散的风险,限制敏感寄主树种的栽植是有效防范该虫危害的重要手段.     

二化螟幼虫空间分布的研究

<正> 二化螟Chilo suppressalis Walker是我国水稻重要害虫之一,研究其空间分布型、扩散型,对于改进调查抽样,完善测报技术和寻找有效控制途径是有好处的。笔者自1980年开始从早春和水稻生长期间调查二化螟的空间分布,其频次分布如表1、2、3。     

我国云南省甘蔗螟虫的几种寄蝇

<正> 甘蔗螟虫种类多、分布广、为重害,是甘蔗的重要害虫之一。由于蔗螟分散发生,钻蛀、隐蔽为害,农药防治比较困难,目前世界产糖国都在着重研究经济有效的生物防治方法,有的国家已把利用寄蝇防治蔗螟作为重要的措施之一,例如美国已机械化生产螟利索寄蝇防治蔗螟,日本、印度、菲律宾都已成功地引入该寄蝇。我国台湾省和广东省也都先后数次引进此种寄蝇。 云南德宏州甘科所对当地甘蔗害虫及天敌进行了普查,从为害甘蔗的二点螟Chilo infu-     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。