共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Chung MC Lee YI Cheng YY Chou YJ Lu CF 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(6):745-753
The genes encoding for 18S–5.8S–28S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) are both conserved and diversified. We used rDNA as probe in the
fluorescent in situ hybridization (rDNA-FISH) to localized rDNAs on chromosomes of 15 accessions representing ten Oryza species. These included cultivated and wild species of rice, and four of them are tetraploids. Our results reveal polymorphism
in the number of rDNA loci, in the number of rDNA repeats, and in their chromosomal positions among Oryza species. The numbers of rDNA loci varies from one to eight among Oryza species. The rDNA locus located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 9 is conserved among the genus Oryza. The rDNA locus at the end of the short arm of chromosome 10 was lost in some of the accessions. In this study, we report
two genome specific rDNA loci in the genus Oryza. One is specific to the BB genome, which was localized at the end of the short arm of chromosome 4. Another may be specific
to the CC genome, which was localized in the proximal region of the short arm of chromosome 5. A particular rDNA locus was
detected as stretched chromatin with bright signals at the proximal region of the short arm of chromosome 4 in O.
grandiglumis by rDNA-FISH. We suggest that chromosomal inversion and the amplification and transposition of rDNA might occur during Oryza species evolution. The possible mechanisms of cyto-evolution in tetraploid Oryza species are discussed. 相似文献
2.
M. Lorieux M.-N. Ndjiondjop A. Ghesquière 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):593-601
Oryza glaberrima is an endemic African cultivated rice species. To provide a tool for evaluation and utilisation of the potential of O. glaberrima in rice breeding, we developed an interspecific O. glaberrima×Oryza sativa genetic linkage map. It was based on PCR markers, essentially microsatellites and STSs. Segregation of markers was examined
in a backcross (O. sativa/O. glaberrima//O. sativa) population. Several traits were measured on the BC1 plants, and major genes and QTLs were mapped for these traits. Several of these genes correspond well to previously identified
loci. The overall map length was comparable to those observed in indica×japonica crosses, indicating that recombination between the two species occurs without limitation. However, three chromosomes show
discrepancies with the indica×japonica maps. The colinearity with intraspecific maps was very good, confirming previous cytological observations. A strong segregation-distortion
hot spot was observed on chromosome 6 near the waxy gene, indicating the presence of s
10
, a sporo-gametophytic sterility gene previously identified by Sano (1990). The main interests of such a PCR-based map for
African rice breeding are discussed, including gene and QTL localisation, marker-assisted selection, and the development of
interspecific introgression lines.
Received: 1 June 1991 / Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
3.
Yasuko Kamisugi Shigeki Nakayama Reiko Nakajima Hisako Ohtsubo Eiichi Ohtsubo Kiichi Fukui 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1994,245(2):133-138
One 5S ribosomal RNA gene (5S rDNA) locus was localized on chromosome 11 of japonica rice by in situ hybridization. The biotinylated DNA probe used was prepared by direct cloning and direct labeling methods, and the locus was localized to the proximal region of the short arm of chromosome 11 (llpl.l) by imaging methods. The distance between the signal site and the centromere is 4.0 arbitrary units, where the total length of the short arm is 43.3 units. The 5S rDNA locus physically identified and mapped in rice was designated as 5SRrn. The position of the 5S rDNA locus reported here differs from that in indica rice; possible reasons for this difference are discussed. DNA sequences of 5S rDNA are also reported. 相似文献
4.
K. Fukui N. Ohmido G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,87(8):893-899
The 17s-5.8s-25s ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) loci in Oryza spp. were identified by the fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) method. The rDNA loci were located on one-to-three chromosomes (two-to-six sites) within the eight diploid Oryza spp. One of the rDNA loci gave the weakest hybridization signal. This locus is reported for the first time in the genus Oryza. The chromosomes containing the rDNA loci were determined to be numbers 9, 10 and 11 in descending order of the copy number of rDNA. The application of image analysis methods, after slide preparation treatments (post-treatments), and the use of a thermal cycler, greatly improved the reproducibility of the results. The evolutionary significance of the variability of rDNA loci among the Oryza spp. is discussed. 相似文献
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6.
Adebayo A. OMOLOYE 《Entomological Science》2010,13(3):320-327
This study assessed the effects of genotype variations in two cultivated rice species: Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa on the biology and galling characteristics of the African rice gall midge (AfRGM), Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagné. The study was conducted in the screen house at ambient temperature (27 ± 3°C), 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 12:12 h photoperiod. Shoot galling, the most visible response of rice genotypes to attack by the insect, was greatly suppressed, being only 0.7 cm long in the O. glaberrima genotypes compared to 34 cm in the O. sativa species. Larval mortality (70–88%) in the O. glaberrima genotypes was significantly higher at the first instar compared to O. sativa. Gall setting was confirmed to be an irredeemable tiller loss. Even in the susceptible O. sativa genotypes, where many larvae may colonize a tiller, only one survived to the second instar. Resistant and susceptible rice genotypes had significantly different effects on the development and reproductive anatomy of the AfRGM. The female reproductive anatomy which consists of two ovaries, each with a potential complement of 192 eggs was affected by interspecific variation in rice genotypes causing reduced potential fecundity (32); morphological distortion, 60% reduction of egg size of F1 emergent in O. glaberrima compared to emergent from the susceptible O. sativa genotypes. 相似文献
7.
Distinct evolutionary patterns of Oryza glaberrima deciphered by genome sequencing and comparative analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sakai H Ikawa H Tanaka T Numa H Minami H Fujisawa M Shibata M Kurita K Kikuta A Hamada M Kanamori H Namiki N Wu J Itoh T Matsumoto T Sasaki T 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2011,66(5):796-805
Here we present the genomic sequence of the African cultivated rice, Oryza glaberrima, and compare these data with the genome sequence of Asian cultivated rice, Oryza sativa. We obtained gene‐enriched sequences of O. glaberrima that correspond to about 25% of the gene regions of the O. sativa (japonica) genome by methylation filtration and subtractive hybridization of repetitive sequences. While patterns of amino acid changes did not differ between the two species in terms of the biochemical properties, genes of O. glaberrima generally showed a larger synonymous–nonsynonymous substitution ratio, suggesting that O. glaberrima has undergone a genome‐wide relaxation of purifying selection. We further investigated nucleotide substitutions around splice sites and found that eight genes of O. sativa experienced changes at splice sites after the divergence from O. glaberrima. These changes produced novel introns that partially truncated functional domains, suggesting that these newly emerged introns affect gene function. We also identified 2451 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from the genomes of O. glaberrima and O. sativa. Although tri‐nucleotide repeats were most common among the SSRs and were overrepresented in the protein‐coding sequences, we found that selection against indels of tri‐nucleotide repeats was relatively weak in both African and Asian rice. Our genome‐wide sequencing of O. glaberrima and in‐depth analyses provide rice researchers not only with useful genomic resources for future breeding but also with new insights into the genomic evolution of the African and Asian rice species. 相似文献
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10.
T. Schmidt T. Schwarzacher J. S. Heslop-Harrison 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(6-7):629-636
A digoxigenin-labelled 5S rDNA probe (pTa-794) and a rhodamine-labelled 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe (pTa71) were used for double-target in-situ hybridization to root-tip metaphase, prophase and interphase chromosomes of cultivated beet,Beta vulgaris L. After in-situ hybridization with the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probe, one major pair of sites was detected which corresponded to the secondary constriction at the end of the short arm of chromosome 1. The two rDNA chromosomes were often associated and the loci only contracted in late metaphase. In the majority of the metaphase plates analyzed, we found a single additional minor hybridization site with pTa71. One pair of 5S rRNA gene clusters was localized near the centromere on the short arm of one of the three largest chromosomes which does not carry the 18S-5.8S-25S genes. Because of the difficulties in distinguishing the very similarly-sizedB. vulgaris chromosomes in metaphase preparations, the 5S and the 18S-5.8S-25S rRNA genes can be used as markers for chromosome identification. TwoXbaI fragments (pXV1 and pXV2), comprising the 5S ribosomal RNA gene and the adjacent intergenic spacer, were isolated. The two 5S rDNA repeats were 349 bp and 351 bp long, showing considerable sequence variation in the intergenic spacer. The use of fluorescent in-situ hybridization, complemented by molecular data, for gene mapping and for integrating genetic and physical maps of beet species is discussed. 相似文献
11.
O. V. Muravenko A. V. Amosova T. E. Samatadze O. Yu. Semenova I. V. Nosova K. V. Popov N. G. Shostak S. A. Zoschuk A. V. Zelenin 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2004,40(2):193-196
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was for the first time used to study the chromosomal location of the 45S (18S–5.8S–26S) and 5S ribosomal genes in the genomes of five flax species of the section Linum (syn. Protolinum and Adenolinum). In L. usitatissimum L. (2n = 30), L. angustifolium Huds. (2n = 30), and L. bienne Mill. (2n = 30), a major hybridization site of 45S rDNA was observed in the pericentric region of a large metacentric chromosome. A polymorphic minor locus of 45S rDNA was found on one of the small chromosomes. Sites of 5S rDNA were colocalized with those of 45S rDNA, but direct correlation between signal intensities from the 45S and 5S rDNA sites was observed only in some cases. Other 5S rDNA sites mapped to two chromosomes in these flax species. In L. grandiflorum Desf. (2n = 16) and L. austriacum L. (2n = 18), large regions of 45S and 5S rDNA were similarly located on a pair of homologous satellite-bearing chromosomes. An additional large polymorphic site of 45S and 5S rDNA was found in the proximal region of one arm of a small chromosome in the L. usitatissimum, L. angustifolium, and L. bienne karyotypes. The other arm of this chromosome contained a large 5S rDNA cluster. A similar location of the ribosomal genes in the pericentric region of the pair of satellite-bearing metacentrics confirmed the close relationships of the species examined. The difference in chromosomal location of the ribosomal genes between flax species with 2n = 30 and those with 2n = 16 or 18 testified to their assignment to different sections. The use of ribosomal genes as chromosome markers was assumed to be of importance for comparative genomic studies in cultivated flax, a valuable crop species of Russia, and in its wild relatives. 相似文献
12.
G. R. Brown J. E. Carlson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(1-2):1-9
Molecular cytogenetics is a convenient tool to investigate the organization and evolution of plant genomes. In coniferous
trees of the Pinaceae, cytogenetic data is rudimentary since individual chromosomes are difficult to distinguish and karyotypes
of related species are poorly differentiated. We determined the chromosomal locations of ribosomal RNA genes in white spruce
(Picea glauca) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The biotin-labeled DNA probes consisted of the 5s ribosomal DNA (rDNA) amplified from white spruce using the polymerase chain reaction and a heterologous 18s-5.8s-26s rDNA sequence. The 5s rDNA was present only on chromosome 5 at a single locus and near to an 18s-5.8s-26s rDNA locus in both species. Additional 18s-5.8s-26s rDNA loci were found at interstitial sites on six and four chromosomes of white and Sitka spruce, respectively, providing
potentially useful interspecific differences. Progress in karyotyping both species is presented. A molecular analysis of 5s rDNA of white spruce revealed the presence of two classes of repeating units, one of 221 bp corresponding to the PCR amplification
product, and another of approximately 600 bp. The nucleotide sequence and copy number of the 221-bp class is reported.
Received: 17 September 1996/Accepted: 20 December 1996 相似文献
13.
L. Shi T. Zhu P. Keim 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(1-2):136-141
Ribosomal RNA (5S and 45S) genes were investigated by FISH in two related legumes: soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and common bean (Phaseolis vulgaris L.). These species are both members of the same tribe (Phaseoleae), but common bean is diploid while soybean is a tetraploid which has undergone diploidization. In contrast to ploidy expectations, soybean had only one 5S and one 45S rDNA locus whereas common bean had more than two 5S rDNA loci and two 45S rDNA loci. Double hybridization experiments with differentially labelled probes indicated that the soybean 45S and 5S rDNA loci are located on different chromosomes and in their distal regions. Likewise, the common bean 45S and 5S rDNA loci were on unique chromosomes, though two of the 5S rDNA loci were on the same chromosome. FISH analysis of interphase nuclei revealed the spatial arrangement of rDNA loci and suggested expression patterns. In both species, we observed one or more 5S rDNA hybridization sites and two 45S rDNA hybridization sites associated with the nucleolar periphery. The 45S rDNA hybridization patterns frequently exhibited gene puffs as de-condensed chromatin strings within the nucleoli. The other condensed rDNA sites (both 5S and 45S) were spatially distant from the nucleolus in nucleoplasmic regions containing heterochromatin. The distribution of rDNA between the nucleoplasm and the nucleoli is consistent with differential gene expression between homologous alleles and among homoeologous loci. 相似文献
14.
15.
Olga V. Goryachkina Ekaterina D. Badaeva Elena N. Muratova Alexandr V. Zelenin 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(2):471-479
Karyotypes of three Larix species (L. sibirica, L. gmelinii, and L. cajanderi) were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S and 5S ribosomal RNA gene probes and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Two major 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci (per haploid genome) have been observed in the intercalary regions of two metacentric chromosomes, III and IV, of L. sibirica; in addition to them, minor nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) were mapped in pericentromeric regions of chromosomes I, II, VI, and XII. Two closely related species, L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi, showed similar hybridization patterns; both species possessed an additional major locus of 45S rDNA in the distal region of the long arm of submetacentric chromosome VII that is absent in L. sibirica. Only one locus of the 5S rDNA was found in all larch species we studied; it was located in the distal region of the chromosome III short arm, which also carried the major NOR in the opposite arm. This chromosome containing major loci of the two ribosomal RNA gene families can serve as a marker of the genus Larix. The intra- and interspecific karyotype diversity in the genus Larix is discussed. 相似文献
16.
The Oryza Map Alignment Project: The Golden Path to Unlocking the Genetic Potential of Wild Rice Species 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Wing RA Ammiraju JS Luo M Kim H Yu Y Kudrna D Goicoechea JL Wang W Nelson W Rao K Brar D Mackill DJ Han B Soderlund C Stein L SanMiguel P Jackson S 《Plant molecular biology》2005,59(1):53-62
The wild species of the genus Oryza offer enormous potential to make a significant impact on agricultural productivity of the cultivated rice species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. To unlock the genetic potential of wild rice we have initiated a project entitled the ‘Oryza Map Alignment Project’ (OMAP)
with the ultimate goal of constructing and aligning BAC/STC based physical maps of 11 wild and one cultivated rice species
to the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project’s finished reference genome – O. sativa ssp. japonica c. v. Nipponbare. The 11 wild rice species comprise nine different genome types and include six diploid genomes (AA, BB,
CC, EE, FF and GG) and four tetrapliod genomes (BBCC, CCDD, HHKK and HHJJ) with broad geographical distribution and ecological
adaptation. In this paper we describe our strategy to construct robust physical maps of all 12 rice species with an emphasis
on the AA diploid O. nivara – thought to be the progenitor of modern cultivated rice. 相似文献
17.
Quantification of total genomic DNA and selected repetitive sequences reveals concurrent changes in different DNA families in indica and japonica rice 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Ohmido N Kijima K Akiyama Y de Jong JH Fukui K 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》2000,263(3):388-394
This paper describes a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of three different repetitive sequence families,
which were mapped to mitotic metaphase chromosomes and extended DNA fibers (EDFs) of the two subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa), indica and japonica (2n=2x=24). The repeat families studied were (1) the tandem repeat sequence A (TrsA), a functionally non-significant repeat; (2)
the [TTTAGGG]n telomere sequence, a non-transcribed, tandemly repeated but functionally significant repeat; and (3) the 5S ribosomal RNA
(5S rDNA). FISH of the TrsA repeat to metaphase chromosomes of indica and japonica cultivars revealed clear signals at the distal ends of twelve and four chromosomes, respectively. As shown in a previous
report, the 17S ribosomal RNA genes (17S rDNA) are located at the nucleolus organizers (NORs) on chromosomes 9 and 10 of the
indica cultivar. However, the japonica rice lacked the rDNA signals on chromosome 10. The size of the 5S rDNA repeat block, which was mapped on the chromosome 11
of both cultivars, was 1.22 times larger in the indica than in the japonica genome. The telomeric repeat arrays at the distal ends of all chromosome arms were on average three times longer in the indica genome than in the japonica genome. Flow cytometric measurements revealed that the nuclear DNA content of indica rice is 9.7% higher than that of japonica rice. Our data suggest that different repetitive sequence families contribute significantly to the variation in genome size
between indica and japonica rice, though to different extents. The increase or decrease in the copy number of several repetitive sequences examined here
may indicate the existence of a directed change in genome size in rice. Possible reasons for this phenomenon of concurrent
evolution of various repeat families are discussed.
Received: 9 August 1999 / Accepted: 29 December 1999 相似文献
18.
Quantitative karyotyping of three diploid Brassica species by imaging methods and localization of 45s rDNA loci on the identified chromosomes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
K. Fukui S. Nakayama N. Ohmido H. Yoshiaki M. Yamabe 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(3-4):325-330
Chromosomes of the three diploid Brassica species, B. rapa (AA), B. nigra (BB) and B. oleracea (CC), were identified based on their morphological characteristics, especially on the condensation pattern appearing at the
somatic pro-metaphase stage. The morphological features of the pro-metaphase chromosomes of the three Brassica spp. were quantified by imaging methods using chromosome image analyzing system II (CHIAS 2). As a result, quantitative chromosome
maps or idiograms of the three diploid Brassica spp. were developed. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method revealed the location of 45s rDNA (the 26s-5.8s-18s ribosomal RNA gene cluster) on the chromosomes involved. The number of 45s rDNA loci in the B. rapa, B. nigra and B. oleracea are five, three and two, respectively. The loci detected were systematically mapped on the idiograms of the three Brassica spp.
Received: 5 September 1997 / Accepted: 6 October 1997 相似文献
19.
Isaac Kofi Bimpong Rachid Serraj Joong Hyoun Chin Joie Ramos Evelyn M. T. Mendoza Jose E. Hernandez Merlyn S. Mendioro Darshan S. Brar 《Journal of Plant Biology》2011,54(4):237-250
Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity in rain-fed and upland ecosystems. African rice, Oryza glaberrima, has low yields but is tolerant to drought and other stresses. We evaluated 513 BC2F3 progenies from alien introgression lines (AILs) that were derived from crosses of Oryza sativa (IR64) × O. glaberrima. They were assessed for yield and other traits when grown under drought at two locations. Such conditions reduced grain production
by 59% compared with the recurrent parent (IR64). However, 33 AILs had higher yields, thus demonstrating their potential as
genetic material for transferring drought-related traits from O. glaberrima to O. sativa. A set of 200 AILs was selectively genotyped with 173 simple sequence repeat and sequenced tagged site markers. Molecular
analysis showed that a mean of 4.5% of the O. glaberrima genome was introgressed in BC2F3 AILs. Our analysis revealed 33 quantitative trait loci (QTLs; including 10 novel) for different traits. O. glaberrima contributed 50% of the alleles to those newly identified QTLs, with one for grain yield per plant (ypp9.1) being new. A QTL at RM208 on chromosome 2 positively affected yield under stress, accounting for 22% of the genetic variation.
Our identification of drought-related QTLs for yield and yield components will be useful to future research efforts in marker-assisted
selection. 相似文献
20.
M.T.N. Cabasan L. Fernandez D. De Waele 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(9-12):740-750
The host response of 25 rice genotypes belonging to Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa to Meloidogyne graminicola infection was examined in a hydroponic system. The M. graminicola can build up high population densities in a hydroponic system. Resistance to this nematode species was found in O. glaberrima genotypes which supported significantly lower nematode numbers per plant and per unit root than O. sativa genotypes. The M. graminicola-infected O. sativa genotypes showed a higher root galling index than the O. glaberrima genotypes. The hydroponic system is efficient and reliable method to examine the host response of rice genotypes to M. graminicola infection, and can be useful for the fast screening of high numbers of rice genotypes for the selection of M. graminicola-resistant rice germplasm for breeding purposes. 相似文献