共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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根据GenBank已发表的人、小鼠及大鼠GPR43(G protein-coupled receptor 43)基因序列, 设计并合成一对引物, RT-PCR扩增获得猪GPR43基因cDNA, 并利用PCR技术检测该基因在不同猪种、不同发育阶段、不同部位脂肪组织及原代脂肪细胞中的转录表达规律。结果显示, 成功克隆猪GPR43 cDNA片段, 长度为486 bp (GenBank登陆号为EU122439); 同源性分析发现, 猪GPR43与人、小鼠和大鼠同源性达83%以上; GPR43 mRNA表达量在脂肪型猪种上显著高于瘦肉型猪种, 随月龄增长表达量逐渐上升, 且皮下脂肪表达量较内脏脂肪高; 在猪前体脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中, GPR43 mRNA表达量呈时间依赖性升高。揭示GPR43 mRNA表达与猪肥胖程度、年龄、脂肪沉积部位以及脂肪细胞分化程度密切相关。 相似文献
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Darwin V. Lee Dongmei Li Qingyun Yan Yimin Zhu Bryan Goodwin Roberto Calle Martin B. Brenner Saswata Talukdar 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has evolved as a major metabolic regulator, the pharmacological administration of which causes weight loss, insulin sensitivity and glucose control in rodents and humans. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which FGF21 exerts its metabolic effects, we developed a human in vitro model of adipocytes to examine crosstalk between FGF21 and insulin signaling. Human adipose stem cell-derived (hASC) adipocytes were acutely treated with FGF21 alone, insulin alone, or in combination. Insulin signaling under these conditions was assessed by measuring tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (InsR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and serine 473 phosphorylation of Akt, followed by a functional assay using 14C-2-deoxyglucose [14C]-2DG to measure glucose uptake in these cells. FGF21 alone caused a modest increase of glucose uptake, but treatment with FGF21 in combination with insulin had a synergistic effect on glucose uptake in these cells. The presence of FGF21 also effectively lowered the insulin concentration required to achieve the same level of glucose uptake compared to the absence of FGF21 by 10-fold. This acute effect of FGF21 on insulin signaling was not due to IR, IGF-1R, or IRS-1 activation. Moreover, we observed a substantial increase in basal S473-Akt phosphorylation by FGF21 alone, in contrast to the minimal shift in basal glucose uptake. Taken together, our data demonstrate that acute co-treatment of hASC-adipocytes with FGF21 and insulin can result in a synergistic improvement in glucose uptake. These effects were shown to occur at or downstream of Akt, or separate from the canonical insulin signaling pathway. 相似文献
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Tan Hooi Min Grahn Rajween Kaur Jun Yin Martina Schweiger Vishva Mitra Sharma Mi-Jeong Lee Yasuo Ido Cynthia M. Smas Rudolf Zechner Achim Lass Vishwajeet Puri 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(17):12029-12039
In adipocytes, lipolysis is a highly regulated process involving hormonal signals, lipid droplet-associated proteins, and lipases. The discovery of new lipid droplet-associated proteins added complexity to the current model of lipolysis. In this study, we used cultured human adipocytes to demonstrate that fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27), an abundantly expressed protein in adipocytes, regulates both basal and stimulated lipolysis by interacting with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, also called desnutrin or PNPLA2). We identified a core domain of FSP27, amino acids 120–220, that interacts with ATGL to inhibit its lipolytic function and promote triglyceride storage. We also defined the role of FSP27 in free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. FSP27 depletion in human adipocytes increased lipolysis and inhibited insulin signaling by decreasing AKT phosphorylation. However, reducing lipolysis by either depletion of ATGL or expression of exogenous full-length FSP27 or amino acids 120–220 protected human adipocytes against the adverse effects of free fatty acids on insulin signaling. In embryonic fibroblasts derived from ATGL KO mice, exogenous free fatty acids did not affect insulin sensitivity. Our results demonstrate a crucial role for FSP27-ATGL interactions in regulating lipolysis, triglyceride accumulation, and insulin signaling in human adipocytes. 相似文献
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Nicole G. Barra Sarah Reid Randy MacKenzie Geoff Werstuck Bernardo L. Trigatti Carl Richards Alison C. Holloway Ali A. Ashkar 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2010,18(8):1601-1607
An alarming global rise in the prevalence of obesity and its contribution to the development of chronic diseases is a serious health concern. Recently, obesity has been described as a chronic low‐grade inflammatory condition, influenced by both adipose tissue and immune cells suggesting proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in its etiology. Here we examined the effects of interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) on adipose tissue and its association with obesity. Over expression of IL‐15 (IL‐15tg) was associated with lean body condition whereas lack of IL‐15 (IL‐15?/?) results in significant increase in weight gain without altering appetite. Interestingly, there were no differences in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in serum between the three strains of mice. In addition, there were significant numbers of natural killer (NK) cells in fat tissues from IL‐15tg and B6 compared to IL‐15?/? mice. IL‐15 treatment results in significant weight loss in IL‐15?/? knockout and diet‐induced obese mice independent of food intake. Fat pad cross‐sections show decreased pad size with over expression of IL‐15 is due to adipocyte shrinkage. IL‐15 induces weight loss without altering food consumption by affecting lipid deposition in adipocytes. Treatment of differentiated human adipocytes with recombinant human IL‐15 protein resulted in decreased lipid deposition. In addition, obese patients had significantly lower serum IL‐15 levels when compared to normal weight individuals. These results clearly suggest that IL‐15 may be involved in adipose tissue regulation and linked to obesity. 相似文献
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Joseph S. Marino Jeffrey Iler Abigail R. Dowling Streamson Chua Jens C. Bruning Roberto Coppari Jennifer W. Hill 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Clinical research shows an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and chronic inflammation, a pathological state thought to contribute to insulin resistance. The underlying pathways, however, have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to characterize the inflammatory state of a novel mouse model of PCOS. Female mice lacking leptin and insulin receptors in pro-opiomelanocortin neurons (IR/LepRPOMC mice) and littermate controls were evaluated for estrous cyclicity, ovarian and adipose tissue morphology, and body composition by QMR and CT scan. Tissue-specific macrophage infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression were measured, as well as circulating cytokine levels. Finally, glucose regulation during pregnancy was evaluated as a measure of risk for diabetes development. Forty-five percent of IR/LepRPOMC mice showed reduced or absent ovulation. IR/LepRPOMC mice also had increased fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy. These traits accompanied elevations in macrophage accumulation and inflammatory cytokine production in perigonadal adipose tissue, liver, and ovary. These mice also exhibited gestational hyperglycemia as predicted. This report is the first to show the presence of inflammation in IR/LepRPOMC mice, which develop a PCOS-like phenotype. Thus, IR/LepRPOMC mice may serve as a new mouse model to clarify the involvement of adipose and liver tissue in the pathogenesis and etiology of PCOS, allowing more targeted research on the development of PCOS and potential therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
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Jeffrey A. Deiuliis Rafay Syed Dheeraj Duggineni Jessica Rutsky Palanivel Rengasamy Jie Zhang Kun Huang Bradley Needleman Dean Mikami Kyle Perry Jeffrey Hazey Sanjay Rajagopalan 《PloS one》2016,11(11)
Obesity in humans and mice is typified by an activated macrophage phenotype in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) leading to increased macrophage-mediated inflammation. microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating inflammatory pathways in macrophages, and in this study we compared miRNA expression in the VAT of insulin resistant morbidly obese humans to a non-obese cohort with normal glucose tolerance. miR-223-3p was found to be significantly upregulated in the whole omental tissue RNA of 12 human subjects, as were 8 additional miRNAs. We then confirmed that miR-223 upregulation was specific to the stromal vascular cells of human VAT, and found that miR-223 levels were unchanged in adipocytes and circulating monocytes of the non-obese and obese. miR-223 ablation increased basal / unstimulated TLR4 and STAT3 expression and LPS-stimulated TLR4, STAT3, and NOS2 expression in primary macrophages. Conversely, miR-223 mimics decreased TLR4 expression in primary macrophage, at the same time it negatively regulated FBXW7 expression, a well described suppressor of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. We concluded that the abundance of miR-223 in macrophages significantly modulates macrophage phenotype / activation state and response to stimuli via effects on the TLR4/FBXW7 axis. 相似文献
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In Vitro Evaluation of Different Methods of Handling Human Liposuction Aspirate and Their Effect on Adipocytes and Adipose Derived Stem Cells 下载免费PDF全文
Paola Palumbo Gianfranca Miconi Benedetta Cinque Cristina la Torre Francesca Lombardi Giovanni Zoccali Gino Orsini Pietro Leocata Maurizio Giuliani Maria Grazia Cifone 《Journal of cellular physiology》2015,230(8):1974-1981
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Dzmitry G. Batrakou Jose I. de las Heras Rafal Czapiewski Rabah Mouras Eric C. Schirmer 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Recent work indicates that the nuclear envelope is a major signaling node for the cell that can influence tissue differentiation processes. Here we present two nuclear envelope trans-membrane proteins TMEM120A and TMEM120B that are paralogs encoded by the Tmem120A and Tmem120B genes. The TMEM120 proteins are expressed preferentially in fat and both are induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Knockdown of one or the other protein altered expression of several genes required for adipocyte differentiation, Gata3, Fasn, Glut4, while knockdown of both together additionally affected Pparg and Adipoq. The double knockdown also increased the strength of effects, reducing for example Glut4 levels by 95% compared to control 3T3-L1 cells upon pharmacologically induced differentiation. Accordingly, TMEM120A and B knockdown individually and together impacted on adipocyte differentiation/metabolism as measured by lipid accumulation through binding of Oil Red O and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS). The nuclear envelope is linked to several lipodystrophies through mutations in lamin A; however, lamin A is widely expressed. Thus it is possible that the TMEM120A and B fat-specific nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins may play a contributory role in the tissue-specific pathology of this disorder or in the wider problem of obesity. 相似文献
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《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2013,33(1-4):753-775
AbstractThe biologic response of the human leukemia cell line M-07 to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) is mediated by a low number of high affinity receptors. Cross-competition studies revealed that IL-3 and GM-CSF partially inhibited the specific binding of the heterologous radiolabeled ligand, whereas IL-4 binding was not affected by these cytokines. The molecular mechanism of cross-competition was investigated by chemical crosslinking and immuno-precipitation. Trimolecular receptor complexes consisting of a major 73kDa and two minor 120 and 128kDa membrane proteins for IL-3, and a major 84kDa and two minor 120 and 130 kDa proteins for GM-CSF were found on M-07 cells. The 73 and 84kDa proteins represent distinct and non-linked membrane proteins and are identical with the cloned, low affinity IL-3 and GM-CSF receptor proteins (Gearing et al, 1989, Hayashida et al, 1990). The higher molecular weight proteins share common binding sites as evidenced by immunoprecipitation of double-crosslinked membranes. The 120/128kDa proteins are most likely identical with the recently cloned and shared β-subunit of the IL-3 and GM-CSF receptor (Kitamura et al, 1991) containing a single or two IL-3 and/or GM-CSF molecules. 相似文献
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《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):2418-2425
It has long been believed that an intake of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) alleviates diabetic pathological conditions. However, it is still controversial whether the beneficial effect is insulin-dependent or insulin-mimetic. This study was aimed at determining the insulin-independent effect of cinnamon. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups and orally administered with an aqueous cinnamon extract (CE) for 22 d. The diabetic rats that had taken CE at a dose of more than 30 mg/kg/d were rescued from their hyperglycemia and nephropathy, and these rats were found to have upregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in their brown adipose tissues as well as in their muscles. This was verified by using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in which CE upregulates GLUT4 translocation and increases the glucose uptake. CE exhibited its anti-diabetic effect independently from insulin by at least two mechanisms: i) upregulation of mitochondrial UCP-1, and ii) enhanced translocation of GLUT4 in the muscle and adipose tissues. 相似文献
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Hongxian Wu Xian Wu Cheng Changning Hao Zhi Zhang Huali Yao Toyoaki Murohara Qiuyan Dai 《Experimental Animals》2014,63(2):257-267
The apelin/APJ system has been implicated in obesity-related hypertension. We
investigated the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity-related
hypertension with a special focus on the crosstalk between AngII/its type 1 receptor
(AT1R) signaling and apelin/APJ expression. Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat
(obesity-related hypertension, OH) or normal-fat diet (NF) for 15 weeks were randomly
assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or perindopril for 4 weeks.
Compared to the NF rats, the OH rats showed lower levels of plasma apelin and apelin/APJ
mRNAs of perirenal adipose tissues, and these changes were restored by perindopril.
Administration of the AT1R antagonist olmesartan resulted in the restoration of the
reduction of apelin and APJ expressions induced by AngII for 48 h in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Among several inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) PD98059,
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) SB203580 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
(PI3K) , the latter showed an additive effect on AngII-mediated inhibitory
effects. In addition, the levels of p-Akt, p-ERK and p38MAPK proteins were decreased by
long-term treatment with AngII (120 min), and these changes were restored by Olmesartan.
Apelin/APJ appears to be impaired in obesity-related hypertension. The AngII
inhibition-mediated beneficial effects are likely attributable, at least in part, to
restoration of p38/ERK-dependent apelin/APJ expression in diet-induced obesity-related
hypertension. LY294002相似文献
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Expression of Human Carbonic Anhydrase in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 Creates a High CO(2)-Requiring Phenotype : Evidence for a Central Role for Carboxysomes in the CO(2) Concentrating Mechanism 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Active human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) protein was expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 by means of transformation with the bidirectional expression vector, pCA. This expression was driven by the bacterial Tac promoter and was regulated by the IacIQ repressor protein, which was expressed from the same plasmid. Expression levels reached values of around 0.3% of total cell protein and this protein appeared to be entirely soluble in nature and located within the cytosol of the cell. The expression of this protein has dramatic effects on the photosynthetic physiology of the cell. Induction of expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in both high dissolved inorganic carbon (Ci) and low Ci grown cells leads the creation of a high Ci requiring phenotype causing: (a) a dramatic increase in the K0.5 (Ci) for photosynthesis, (b) a loss of the ability to accumulate internal Ci, and (c) a decrease in the lag between the initial Ci accumulation following illumination and the efflux of CO2 from the cells. In addition, the effects of the expressed CA can largely be reversed by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ethoxyzolamide. As a result of the above findings, it is concluded that the CO2 concentrating mechanism in Synechococcus PCC7942 is largely dependent on (a) the absence of CA activity from the cytosol, and (b) the specific localization of CA activity in the carboxysome. A theoretical model of photosynthesis and Ci accumulation is developed in which the carboxysome plays a central role as both the site of CO2 generation from HCO3− and a resistance barrier to CO2 efflux from the cell. There is good qualitative agreement between this model and the measured physiological effects of expressed cytosolic CA in Synechococcus cells. 相似文献
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观察了抗P-选择素凝集素-EGF功能域单抗(PsL-EGFmAb)和IL-10两种抗炎物质对体外培养人树突状细胞(DC)表型以及致炎细胞因子IL-12分泌的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。通过SCF、GM-CSF、TGF-β1、Flt-3L和TNF-α体外培养体系,从脐血CD34 造血干细胞中诱导扩增获得DC,并于成熟过程中分别用PsL-EGFmAb和IL-10进行干预。采用流式细胞仪分析细胞表型CD1a、CD11c、CD83、CD80、CD86和HLA-DR;采用RT-PCR检测IL-12p35、IL-12p40mRNA表达;以及ELISA法测定IL-12p70分泌的含量。结果显示,PsL-EGFmAb和IL-10对DC表面CD11c、CD83、CD80、CD86表达均有抑制作用,且PsL-EGFmAb可下调HLA-DR表达,同时两者也能抑制DC内IL-12p35、IL-12p40mRNA的转录和IL-12p70的分泌。研究结果表明,PsL-EGFmAb和IL-10对DC黏附共刺激分子表达和致炎细胞因子合成具有抑制作用,由此可能影响和调抑DC成熟及其递呈抗原功能。 相似文献
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Eirini Dermitzaki George Liapakis Ariadne Androulidaki Maria Venihaki John Melissas Christos Tsatsanis Andrew N. Margioris 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Chronic activation of innate immunity takes place in obesity and initiated by the hypertrophic adipocytes which obtain a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides and their receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) affect stress response and innate immunity. Adipose tissue expresses a complete CRF system. The aim of this study was to examine the role of CRF neuropeptides in the immune phenotype of adipocytes assessed by their expression of the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β, chemokines IL-8, monocyte attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and of the adipokines adiponectin, resistin and leptin. Our data are as follows: (a) CRF, UCN2 and UCN3 are expressed in human white adipocytes as well as CRFR1a, CRFR2a and CRFR2b but not CRFR2c. 3T3L1 pre-adipocytes and differentiated adipocytes expressed both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors and UCN3, while UCN2 was detected only in differentiated adipocytes. CRF2 was up-regulated in mouse mature adipocytes. (b) CRF1 agonists suppressed media- and LPS-induced pre-adipocyte differentiation while CRF2 receptor agonists had no effect. (c) In mouse pre-adipocytes, CRF2 agonists suppressed TLR4 expression and the production of IL-6, CXCL1 and adiponectin while CRF1 agonists had no effect. (d) In mature mouse adipocytes LPS induced IL-6 and CXCL1 production and suppressed leptin. (e) In human visceral adipocytes LPS induced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-1 and leptin production and suppressed adiponectin and resistin. (f) In mouse mature adipocytes CRF1 and CRF2 agonists suppressed basal and LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines, TLR4 expression and adiponectin production, while in human visceral adipocytes CRF and UCN1 suppressed basal and LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 production. In conclusion, the effects of the activation of CRF1 and CRF2 may be significant in ameliorating the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocytes in obesity. 相似文献
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