小麦RAN1在酵母系统中影响微管的完整性和核质运输过程

真核生物的小G蛋白 Ran在进化过程中比较保守,它可直接参与细胞周期调控过程,它的缺失突变可以影响很多细胞生理进程。我们已经从小麦(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jingdong No. 1) cDNA文库中克隆到一个新的RanGTPase的同源基因TaRAN1。在此基础上利用裂殖酵母模式系统研究了该基因的功能。研究结果表明,TaRAN1基因超表达可产生缺陷的纺锤体微管,这可能是导致我们以前观察到的异常染色体分离现象的原因。反义TaRAN1基因表达的酵母细胞,微管系统受到破坏。我们推测TaRAN1蛋白在细胞有丝分裂的纺锤体组装和维持微管系统的完整与稳定过程中起着重要作用。透射电镜观察实验结果显示, 超表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞具有异常的核膜结构,反义表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞有异常的液泡结构和紊乱的膜结构,由此推测, TaRAN1在整个核质运输事件中可能是必须的。     

小麦RAN1在酵母系统中影响微管的完整性和核质运输过程

真核生物的小G蛋白Ran在进化过程中比较保守,它可直接参与细胞周期调控过程,它的缺失突变可以影响很多细胞生理进程.我们已经从小麦(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Jingdong No.1)cDNA文库中克隆到一个新的RanGTPase的同源基因TaRAN1.在此基础上利用裂殖酵母模式系统研究了该基因的功能.研究结果表明,TaRAN1基因超表达可产生缺陷的纺锤体微管,这可能是导致我们以前观察到的异常染色体分离现象的原因.反义TaRAN1基因表达的酵母细胞,微管系统受到破坏.我们推测TaRAN1蛋白在细胞有丝分裂的纺锤体组装和维持微管系统的完整与稳定过程中起着重要作用.透射电镜观察实验结果显示,超表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞具有异常的核膜结构,反义表达TaRAN1的酵母细胞有异常的液泡结构和紊乱的膜结构,由此推测,TaRAN1在整个核质运输事件中可能是必须的.     

Fission Yeast Tel1ATM and Rad3ATR Promote Telomere Protection and Telomerase Recruitment

The checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR are redundantly required for maintenance of stable telomeres in diverse organisms, including budding and fission yeasts, Arabidopsis, Drosophila, and mammals. However, the molecular basis for telomere instability in cells lacking ATM and ATR has not yet been elucidated fully in organisms that utilize both the telomere protection complex shelterin and telomerase to maintain telomeres, such as fission yeast and humans. Here, we demonstrate by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays that simultaneous loss of Tel1^ATM and Rad3^ATR kinases leads to a defect in recruitment of telomerase to telomeres, reduced binding of the shelterin complex subunits Ccq1 and Tpz1, and increased binding of RPA and homologous recombination repair factors to telomeres. Moreover, we show that interaction between Tpz1-Ccq1 and telomerase, thought to be important for telomerase recruitment to telomeres, is disrupted in tel1Δ rad3Δ cells. Thus, Tel1^ATM and Rad3^ATR are redundantly required for both protection of telomeres against recombination and promotion of telomerase recruitment. Based on our current findings, we propose the existence of a regulatory loop between Tel1^ATM/Rad3^ATR kinases and Tpz1-Ccq1 to ensure proper protection and maintenance of telomeres in fission yeast.     

Roles of the TRAPP-II Complex and the Exocyst in Membrane Deposition during Fission Yeast Cytokinesis

The cleavage-furrow tip adjacent to the actomyosin contractile ring is believed to be the predominant site for plasma-membrane insertion through exocyst-tethered vesicles during cytokinesis. Here we found that most secretory vesicles are delivered by myosin-V on linear actin cables in fission yeast cytokinesis. Surprisingly, by tracking individual exocytic and endocytic events, we found that vesicles with new membrane are deposited to the cleavage furrow relatively evenly during contractile-ring constriction, but the rim of the cleavage furrow is the main site for endocytosis. Fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane requires vesicle tethers. Our data suggest that the transport particle protein II (TRAPP-II) complex and Rab11 GTPase Ypt3 help to tether secretory vesicles or tubulovesicular structures along the cleavage furrow while the exocyst tethers vesicles at the rim of the division plane. We conclude that the exocyst and TRAPP-II complex have distinct localizations at the division site, but both are important for membrane expansion and exocytosis during cytokinesis.     

Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 1 Binds Chromatin to Promote Gene Transcription in Response to Hormones and Stresses

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裂殖酵母Pap1应答H2O2氧化胁迫的机制

转录因子Pap1是裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)应答H2O2氧化胁迫反应中的关键调控因子.高浓度的H2O2激活蛋白激酶Sty1途径清除过量的H2O2,使H2O2降至较低浓度再活化Pap1;低浓度的则直接氧化活化Pap1,导致Pap1快速向细胞核内运输从而激活Pap1相关基因的表达.本文综述了裂殖酵母中转录因子Pap1在不同浓度H2O2胁迫下的激活途径,以及蛋白激酶Sty1对Pap1激活的重要作用