Regional phlebography in patients with recurrences of varicocele

Diagnostic potentialities of phlebography were studied in 50 patients with varicocele recurrences. Two methods of phlebography: transfemoral renospermaticography and transscrotal orthograde testiculophlebography--were employed. The main cause of recurrence development was shown to be the abnormality of venous outflow from the testicle in the region of the left renal vein, testicular vein and in the pelvic veins. The effectiveness of both methods was 71.9 and 94.4%, respectively, their combined use provided additional information.     

Optimization of radiosurgical treatment for varicocele

The topographic radiological anatomy of the left internal spermatic vein was studied in 95 patients with varicocele, of them 76 had secondary impaired spermatogenesis. Recurrent varicocele after Ivanissevich's operation was observed in 23 patients. The left internal spermatic vein has been found to empty as one trunk into the renal vein in 97.8% of cases. The renal capsular vein always falls into the proximal segment of the left internal spermatic vein. Intersystemic overflows, if present, also empty into the latter. A unified procedure for double-level occlusion of the left internal spermatic vein is described. The proposed procedure was used to operate on 46 patients. Long-term results were studied in periods of 3 months to 2 years. Recurrent varicocele was not revealed.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy for longitudinal studies of carotid plaque development in mice: validation with histological endpoints

Atherosclerosis is responsible for the death of thousands of Americans each year. The carotid constriction model of plaque development has recently been presented as a model for unstable plaque formation in mice. In this study we 1) validate ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for the determination of carotid plaque size, percent stenosis, and plaque development in live animals, 2) determine the sensitivity of UBM in detecting changes in blood flow induced by carotid constriction and 3) test whether plaque formation can be predicted from blood flow parameters measured by UBM. Carotid plaques were induced by surgical constriction in Apo E−/− mice. Arteries were imaged bi-weekly by UBM, at which time PW-Doppler measurements of proximal blood flow, as well as plaque length and percent stenosis were determined. Histology was performed 9 weeks post surgery. When compared to whole mount post-mortem measurements, UBM accurately reported carotid plaque length. Percent stenosis, based on transverse B-mode UBM measurements, correlated well with that calculated from histological sections. PW-Doppler revealed that constriction reduced maximum systolic velocity (v_max) and duration of the systolic velocity peak (t_s/t_t). Pre-plaque (2 week post-surgery) PW-Doppler parameters (v_max and t_s/t_t) were correlated with plaque length at 9 weeks, and were predictive of plaque formation. Correlation of initiating PW-Doppler parameters (v_max and t_s/t_t) with resulting plaque length established the degree of flow disturbance required for subsequent plaque development and demonstrated its power for predicting plaque development.     

Beneficial effects of varicocele embolization on semen parameters

The suffering caused by infertility in a man can have multiple aspects. It can display a narcissistic dimension, an objectal dimension (object-libido) turned toward others or/and an identity dimension. Two clinical case reports were used here to (i) illustrate all these aspects of infertility suffering, (ii) to evidence the difficulty for infertile men to speak about their infertility and (iii) underlie the importance for professional of medical assisted reproduction to be attentive to this suffering that many men keep silent. An empathetic attention to infertile men may give a way to express this suffering and thus allow the beginning of a psychoanalytic approach which is necessary in infertility and especially for infertile men who do not easily express their suffering.     

腹腔镜精索静脉曲张高位结扎250例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜精索静脉曲张高位结扎治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效与安全性.方法:回顾性分析行腹腔镜精索静脉曲张高位结扎250例患者的临床资料.结果:250例手术均成功,术后随访平均1年,无一例复发.结论:该术式对患者损伤小,恢复快,疗效确切,并发症少,特别适用双侧精索静脉曲张.     

Ultrasound hemolysis

An ultrasound unit for hemolysis for an analytic device is presented which permits hemolysis without the need of a specific insonification chamber which is an unwanted discontinuity along the probe path. This is possible by direct insonification of a flexible tube which contains the flowing blood. The influence of ultrasound power, insonification time and coupling conditions on the result of hemolysis is investigated.     

Color Doppler sonography of normal male genitalia and varicocele

The present paper reports on the results of complex sonographic examination of scrotum organs in 116 patients. The study was performed with Siemens sonographic unit. According to clinico-laboratory data and results of operative intervention, the patients were divided into two groups. The 1st group (8 persons) had no pathology in the scrotum organs, the 2nd group (98 patients) had diagnosis of varicocele. In norm capsular, centripetal and transmeridian arteries were visualized in the projection of testis in colour Doppler sonography. Resistancy index was measured. The group with varicocele in colour Doppler sonography with Valsalva test showed a prolonged retrograde wave of blood flow during the whole period of tension. To determine the stage of pathologic process, a scale system had been used. Doppler sonography enables to reveal various types of reflux. The character of reflux determines a pathogenetic cause of varicocele that effects on the choice of the method of operative intervention. Parameters of colour Doppler sonography allow to determine the stage of the disease and reveal subclinical varicocele in cases when pampiniform plexus is absent, but significant hemodynamic changes take place. The data of Doppler sonography have been confirmed by the results of operative intervention.     

生物技术领域中超声波的应用

超声波具有穿透力强、方向性好的特点,在很多领域有着广泛的应用前景。超声波应用于生物技术领域,具有成本低、操作简单、生物效应明显、污染小或无污染等优点。本文概述了超声波生物学效应的产生机制,及其在植物无基质培养、生物活性物质的提取、固定化酶活性的提高及基因转导等生物技术领域中的应用及前景。     

超声分子成像的研究进展

超声成像无创、无放射性、低成本、实时成像的优点,使其成为目前世界上应用最广的成像手段之一。特别是超声造影剂引入之后,超声成像的图像分辨率和灵敏度得到了大大提高,使超声成像在临床上得到了进一步应用。近年来,随着分子生物学和超声成像技术的不断发展,人们提出了＂超声分子成像＂的概念。它是一项结合了分子靶向造影剂和超声影像技术的能在分子水平下观察病理变化的新兴技术,目前这一技术还处于研究初期阶段。但大量临床前的研究成果已表明超声分子成像在诊断血管生成、炎症和血栓三种疾病具有很大应用前景。本文主要综述了目前常用超声造影剂的种类以及超声分子成像技术的研究现状,并对该技术进行了讨论和展望。