鸭细小病毒04Nb株的分离鉴定与rep基因测序与分析

采集浙江宁波地区以腹泻、呼吸困难为主要症状的病鸭肝组织,接种正常鸭胚尿囊腔增殖病毒.雏鸭感染试验显示发病症状及病理变化明显,死亡率为75%.电镜下可见纯化病毒直径约20nm左右的球形病毒粒子.免疫琼脂扩散实验结果显示与鸭细小病毒(duckparvovirus DPV)标准株阳性血清有明显沉淀线.经SDS-PAGE呈现3条结构蛋白带,与DPV标准株一致;参照GenBankDPV非结构蛋白基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增反应获得目的条带,克隆测序后,与DPV代表株序列同源性达98%.根据上述实验结果,确定引起本次鸭场疫病的病原为DPV.为进一步研究该分离株rep基因的序列特征,对其rep基因克隆测序,与GenBank中两株DPV、两株鹅细小病毒(GPV)进行序列比对,结果显示rep基因核苷酸序列与DPV参考毒株同源性为98%以上,与GPV同源性为80%左右.     

鹅细小病毒分离株HG5／82的分子特征分析

本研究应用PCR技术扩增得到GPV中国分离株HG5/82的非结构基因与结构基因,片段大小分别约为1.9kb、2.2kb的片段。将该片段分别进行克隆及序列测定,并与 GPV 国内外部分已发表的毒株及番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)的对应序列比较。结果表明:HG5/82 株非结构蛋白(Non structure, NS)基因长为1884bp,编码627个氨基酸。HG5/82株结构蛋白基因长为2199bp,编码732个氨基酸。序列分析结果表明,我国地方分离株与国内外鹅细小病毒相比,ns基因、vp基因均表现出较高的同源性,并且具有共同的分子特征。为进一步研究GPV的基因功能、遗传变化规律及病毒分子致病机理提供了一定的分子基础。结构基因 VP3 间变异较小,这是目前GPV只有一个血清型的分子基础,为基因工程苗的研制提供了可行性。HG5/82 与番鸭细小病毒相应序列比较发现,与细小病毒其它成员相比两者具有较近的亲源关系,但这种同源性明显低于鹅细小病毒之间的同源性。     

鹅细小病毒分离株HG5/82的分子特征分析

本研究应用PCR技术扩增得到GPV中国分离株HG5/82的非结构基因与结构基因,片段大小分别约为1.9kb、2.2kb的片段.将该片段分别进行克隆及序列测定,并与GPV国内外部分已发表的毒株及番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)的对应序列比较.结果表明HG5/82株非结构蛋白(Non-structure,NS)基因长为1884bp,编码627个氨基酸.HG5/82株结构蛋白基因长为2199bp,编码732个氨基酸.序列分析结果表明,我国地方分离株与国内外鹅细小病毒相比,ns基因、vp基因均表现出较高的同源性,并且具有共同的分子特征.为进一步研究GPV的基因功能、遗传变化规律及病毒分子致病机理提供了一定的分子基础.结构基因VP3间变异较小,这是目前GPV只有一个血清型的分子基础,为基因工程苗的研制提供了可行性.HG5/82与番鸭细小病毒相应序列比较发现,与细小病毒其它成员相比两者具有较近的亲源关系,但这种同源性明显低于鹅细小病毒之间的同源性.     

禽流感病毒分离株NS基因同源性及等位基因类型分析

目的　克隆测定国内具有代表性的禽流感病毒 (AIV)的非结构 (NS)蛋白基因核苷酸序列 ,分析其同源性和等位基因类型 ,为进一步探索禽流感NS蛋白抗体监测方法奠定基础。方法　经RT PCR扩增了国内 3株H9N2、2株H5N1、2株H7N2亚型AIV分离株的NS蛋白基因 ,并把扩增的基因片段克隆到pGEM T载体中测序 ,将测序结果与GenBank中的核苷酸序列进行同源性比较 ,绘制基因进化树。结果　经测序获得了各AIV分离株NS基因的完整编码序列。同源性分析表明 ,3株H9亚型AIV的NS基因之间的同源性为 96 %～ 98% ;两株H5亚型AIVNS基因同源性为 91 6 % ;两株H7亚型AIV的NS基因同源性为 98 9%。H5和H9亚型分离株的NS基因之间的同源性均高于 90 % ;而H7N2亚型分离株与其它两种亚型分离株的NS基因同源性约为 6 0 %～ 70 %。在AIVNS基因系统发育进化树中 ,H5、H9亚型分离株都处于等位基因A群内 ;3株H9亚型分离株的进化关系较近 ,与香港、广东的部分H5N1病毒株起源相同 ,而 2株H5病毒的NS基因则处于不同分枝内 ;2株H7亚型分离株的NS基因都处于等位基因B群内 ,进化关系较近。结论　这 7株国内AIV分离株的NS基因之间的同源性差异较大 ,约为 6 0 %～ 99% ,且包括A、B两种类型的等位基因     

鹅细小病毒主要免疫原性蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

利用PCR技术,从纯化鹅细小病毒SYG99-5毒株鹅胚尿囊液中扩增出病毒主要免疫原性蛋白基因.将该PCR扩增片段克隆入pGEMR-T质粒载体的HincⅡ和SacⅠ位点之间,酶切分析筛选并进一步通过Southern杂交验证后,获得含1.6kb基因片段的重组质粒GpG3.序列测定结果表明,该片段与国外已报道的GPV B株苷酸序列有96%的同源性,氨基酸序列有97%的同源性.     

鸭甲肝病毒3型2012年山东分离株VP1基因的序列分析

为揭示近年来鸭甲肝病毒3型(DHAV-3)中国分离株VP1基因的遗传变异规律,本研究对2012年从山东省分离到的13株DHAV-3的VP1基因分别进行PCR扩增、序列测序与分析。结果显示,13株DHAV-3的VP1基因均由720个核苷酸组成,共编码240个氨基酸,核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别为94.6%～99.9%和95.0%～100%。与GenBank中公布的31株DHAV-3的VP1基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为92.5%～100%和90.8%～100%。系统进化分析显示,DHAV-3可分为两个基因型,其中除疫苗毒B63之外所有中国分离株均属于GⅠ型,越南分离毒株主要属于GⅡ型S1亚型,而韩国分离株组成GⅡ型中的S2亚型,具有明显的地域特征。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒不同分离株vp2基因部分核酸序列分析

根据已报告的传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)cDNA序列,设计引物,用RT-PCR扩增CH(鸡)、DU(鸭)、GE(鹅)和SP(麻雀)四种不同源IBDV分离株的vp2基因高变区.核酸序列测定分析表明,四种不同源IBDV分离株vp2基因高变区的同源性为97%,推导编码蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性98%,两个亲水区和七肽区的氨基酸序列完全一致.本研究结果提示,自然感染IBDV的鸭、鹅和麻雀不仅可成为病毒携带者或传染源,而且在病毒变异中起一定作用.     

大麦黄矮病毒GPV外壳蛋白基因序列分析及其植物表达质粒的构建

大麦黄矮病毒GPV株系是我国特有的一个株系,与国外已报道的大麦黄矮病毒MAV,PAV,SGV,RPV和RMY在血清学上无反应.通过对GPV.外壳蛋白基因的序列分析,明确了病毒的外壳蛋白基因由603个核苷酸组成,编码201个氨基酸,分子量为22218ku.同MAV,PAV,RPV株系一样,在GPV外壳蛋白基因框架中(ORF)含有1个Vpg框架结构,分子量为17024ku.外壳蛋白基因序列同源性比较结果显示,GPV株系和RPV株系同源性较高,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为83.7%和77.5%.而与PAV和MAV株系同源性较低,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为56.9%,53.2%和44.1%,43.8%.按照GPV外壳蛋白基因序列,设计寡聚核苷酸引物,通过RT-PCR反应,得到GPV外壳蛋白基因全长cDNA,克隆到表达质粒,构建了高等植物表达载体pPPI1,pPPI2和pPPI5.     

广东省三株蚊媒黄病毒的鉴定和系统进化分析

为了解广东省蚊媒病毒的种类和分子特征,本研究对从蚊子中分离的三株黄病毒提取病毒核酸并进行二代测序,经序列拼接和比对,基因组序列中缺失的gap通过RT-PCR进行扩增填补。用MEGA软件登录GenBank下载黄病毒代表株序列并绘制进化树,同时用ClustalW2软件与新毒株进行氨基酸同源性比对和编码框序列的分析。结果显示利用二代测序技术获得了三株病毒基因组序列的96.35%～98.26%,并用RT-PCR成功补齐所有gap,序列比对显示其中一株与黄斑库蚊病毒核苷酸和氨基酸同源性98.51%,两株病毒与广平病毒的核苷酸同源性分别为97.30%和89.78%。三株病毒都属于黄病毒家族中的未分类黄病毒或昆虫特异性黄病毒,编码区序列中C蛋白的同源性最低,NS5的同源性最高。本研究发现的三株蚊媒黄病毒中,库蚊黄斑病毒在国内为首次鉴定;两株广平病毒核苷酸同源性存在较大差异,可能存在不同基因亚型。     

麻疹病毒F基因测序及其进化关系的初步分析

研究麻疹病毒疫苗株S191毒种及其传代的病毒溶血素F(Haemolysin,HL)基因稳定性;对该序列一些重要位点的氨基酸进行比较,推测其功能结构及生物学活性变化;同时对该基因与M蛋白基因之间的非编码序列进行比对分析。利用RT-PCR方法扩增S191减毒株MeV23、26、27代及一株流行株YunnanLC-10的F基因,测序后进行比对分析。S191传代病毒F基因序列之间核苷酸同源性为99.8%,氨基酸同源性为99.5%～99.6%;S191疫苗株与流行株之间核苷酸序列同源性达95.2%;疫苗株与流行株1003nt的非编码区序列同源性为85.0%。S191传代病毒F基因具有较高遗传稳定性,关键功能位点氨基酸未发生传代改变;1003nt非编码区序列变异速度较快。     

Isolation and Genomic Characterization of a Duck-Origin GPV-Related Parvovirus from Cherry Valley Ducklings in China

A newly emerged duck parvovirus, which causes beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) in Cherry Valley ducks, has appeared in Northern China since March 2015. To explore the genetic diversity among waterfowl parvovirus isolates, the complete genome of an identified isolate designated SDLC01 was sequenced and analyzed in the present study. Genomic sequence analysis showed that SDLC01 shared 90.8%–94.6% of nucleotide identity with goose parvovirus (GPV) isolates and 78.6%–81.6% of nucleotide identity with classical Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 443 nucleotides (nt) of the fragment A showed that SDLC01 was highly similar to a mule duck isolate (strain D146/02) and close to European GPV isolates but separate from Asian GPV isolates. Analysis of the left inverted terminal repeat regions revealed that SDLC01 had two major segments deleted between positions 160–176 and 306–322 nt compared with field GPV and MDPV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of Rep and VP1 encoded by two major open reading frames of parvoviruses revealed that SDLC01 was distinct from all GPV and MDPV isolates. The viral pathogenicity and genome characterization of SDLC01 suggest that the novel GPV (N-GPV) is the causative agent of BADS and belongs to a distinct GPV-related subgroup. Furthermore, N-GPV sequences were detected in diseased ducks by polymerase chain reaction and viral proliferation was demonstrated in duck embryos and duck embryo fibroblast cells.     

Comparative characterization of rep proteins from the helper-dependent adeno-associated virus type 2 and the autonomous goose parvovirus

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are nonautonomous human parvoviruses in that they are dependent on helper functions supplied by other viruses or on genotoxic stimuli for conditions permissive for replication. In the absence of helper, AAV type 2 enters latency by integration into a specific site on human chromosome 19. This feature of AAV, in combination with a lack of pathogenicity, makes AAV an attractive candidate vector for human gene therapy. Goose parvovirus (GPV) is both autonomous and pathogenic yet is highly homologous to AAV. To address the molecular bases for the different viral lifestyles, we compare the AAV and GPV nonstructural proteins, Rep78 and Rep1, respectively. We find that Rep78 and Rep1 possess several biochemical activities in common, including (i) high-affinity DNA binding for sequences that constitute the minimal DNA replication origin; (ii) nucleoside triphosphate-dependent DNA helicase activity; and (iii) origin-specific replication of double-stranded linear DNA. These experiments also establish a specific 38-bp DNA sequence as the minimal GPV DNA replication origin. It is noteworthy that although the proposed Rep binding sites of GPV and AAV are highly similar, Rep1 and Rep78 show a high degree of specificity for their respective origins, in both binding and replication assays. One significant difference was observed; with the minimal replication origin in adenovirus-uninfected extracts, Rep78-mediated replication exhibited low processivity, as previously reported. In contrast, Rep1 efficiently replicated full-length template. Overall, our studies indicate that GPV Rep1 and AAV Rep78 support a comparable mode of replication. Thus, a comparison of the two proteins provides a model system with which to determine the contribution of Rep in the regulation of dependence and autonomy at the level of DNA replication.     

Negative and positive regulation in trans of gene expression from adeno-associated virus vectors in mammalian cells by a viral rep gene product.

We previously described use of the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), as a vector for transient expression in mammalian cells of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). In the AAV vector, pTS1, the CAT gene is expressed under the control of the major AAV promoter p40. This promoter is embedded within the carboxyl-terminal region of an open reading frame (orf-1) which codes for a protein (rep) required for AAV DNA replication. We show here that the rep product has additional trans-acting properties to regulate gene expression. First, deletion or frame-shift mutations in orf-1, which occurred far upstream of p40, increased expression of CAT in human 293 (adenovirus-transformed) cells. This increased CAT expression was abolished when such mutant AAV vectors were transfected into 293 cells together with a second AAV vector which could supply the wild-type AAV rep product in trans. Thus, an AAV rep gene product was a negative regulator, in trans, of expression of CAT in uninfected 293 cells. In adenovirus-infected 293 cells, the function of the AAV rep product was more complex, but in some cases, it appeared to be a trans activator of the expression from p40. In HeLa cells, only trans activation by rep was seen in the absence or presence of adenovirus. Neither activation nor repression by the rep product required replication per se of the AAV vector DNA. Thus, trans-acting negative or positive regulation of gene expression by the AAV rep gene is modulated by factors in the host cell and by the helper adenovirus.     

Multiple amino acids in the capsid structure of canine parvovirus coordinately determine the canine host range and specific antigenic and hemagglutination properties.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) are over 98% similar in DNA sequence but have specific host range, antigenic, and hemagglutination (HA) properties which were located within the capsid protein gene. In vitro mutagenesis and recombination were used to prepare 16 different recombinant genomic clones, and viruses derived from those clones were analyzed for their in vitro host range, antigenic, and HA properties. The region of CPV from 59 to 91 map units determined the ability to replicate in canine cells. A complex series of interactions was observed among the individual sequence differences between 59 and 73 map units. The canine host range required that VP2 amino acids (aa) 93 and 323 both be the CPV sequence, and those two CPV sequences introduced alone into FPV greatly increased viral replication in canine cells. Changing any one of aa 93, 103, or 323 of CPV to the FPV sequence either greatly decreased replication in canine cells or resulted in an inviable plasmid. The Asn-Lys difference of aa 93 alone was responsible for the CPV-specific epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies. An FPV-specific epitope was affected by aa 323. Amino acids 323 and 375 together determined the pH dependence of HA. Amino acids involved in the various specific properties were all around the threefold spikes of the viral particle.     

蓝狐细小病毒的分离鉴定及其VP1 基因序列分析

从泰安地区送检的疑是细小病毒感染的蓝狐粪便中分离到一株病毒。经理化特性鉴定、血凝谱鉴定、人
工感染蓝狐等鉴定,表明所分离病毒为细小病毒。并且根据GenBank 上发表的犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,
CPV)、猫细小病毒(Feline parvovirus,FPV)核酸序列,设计扩增VP1 基因的引物,采用PCR 技术扩增所分离
细小病毒的VP1 全基因,将PCR 产物克隆入pMD18 - T 载体,进行测序分析。结果,所分离细小病毒的VP1 基
因全长2 256 bp,编码727 个氨基酸,与CPV 和FPV 参照株的VP1 基因同源性在98. 7% ～ 99. 5% 。VP1 基因的
系统发生分析表明所分离病毒与FPV 的亲源关系最为密切。所分离病毒VP1 蛋白375 位氨基酸残基与CPV 的
VP1 蛋白氨基酸残基一致,但其223 位、236 位、246 位、466 位、707 位、711 位氨基酸残基与FPV VP1 蛋白的
氨基酸残基一致,该病毒VP1 蛋白序列表现出了过渡型序列特征,介于FPV 与CPV 间的过渡类型,这说明所分离病毒为蓝狐细小病毒(Blue fox parvovirus,BFPV),命名为BFPV - TA,蓝狐可能在CPV 的起源过程起到重要
的作用。     

鸭瘟病毒gB蛋白N端主要抗原域的表达及间接ELISA检测

在分析鸭瘟病毒gB蛋白抗原性的基础上,设计一对引物克隆gB蛋白N端抗原性较好的抗原域编码基因.将克隆的基因定向插入pET-32a的EcoR Ⅰ和HindⅢ之间,构建了gB蛋白主要抗原域原核表达载体pET-gB1.将pET-gB1质粒转化BL(21)宿主菌后,对培养和表达条件进行了优化,实现了DPV gB蛋白主要抗原域的高效表达.免疫印迹试验表明获得的表达产物具有良好的反应原性.应用His·Bind亲和层析柱纯化重组DPV gB蛋白,以纯化的重组gB1蛋白作为检测抗原,初步建立了检测鸭瘟病毒抗体的igB1-ELISA.结果表明,抗原的最佳包被浓度为6.5μg/mL,血清的最佳稀释度为1∶80,阳性标准初步定为:待检血清OD490＞0.4,且待检血清OD490/阴性血清OD490＞2.应用igB1-ELISA对鸭血清样品进行检测,结果表明igB1-ELISA与全病毒包被的iDPV-ELISA符合率达到95.6%.     

转病毒来源发夹RNA小麦表现对大麦黄矮病毒的抗性

将大麦黄矮病毒GPV株系的复制酶基因片段和CP基因片段构建成可在植物细胞内表达含有双链复制酶RNA(茎)和反义CP RNA(环)的复合发夹RNA结构, 希望能够诱发植物体针对病毒的RNA干扰作用, 从而达到抗病毒目的。利用基因枪法将该结构导入小麦幼胚愈伤组织细胞后, 通过在幼苗再生阶段进行以叶片为模板的快速PCR来加速阳性植株的筛选过程, 最终共获得基因组整合有外源基因的小麦再生植株21株。对再生植株接种不同剂量的病毒, 其中9株对BYDV-GPV有低度抗性, 表现在低接毒量时无症状, 接毒量提高时发病且严重; 6株具中度抗性, 表现在低接毒量时无症状, 接毒量提高时局部有不严重症状; 6株具高度抗性, 两种情况下均无症状。抗性实验结果表明, hpRNA介导对BYDV的抗性可能受到BYDV含量的影响, 具有剂量效应的特点。