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1.
    
The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of chitin and chitosan from both the exuvium and whole body of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. Chitin from the exuvium and whole body of T. molitor larvae was chemically extracted with acid and alkali solutions to achieve demineralization (DM) and deproteinization (DP), respectively. The average DM (%) and DP (%) on a dry weight (DW) basis was 32.56 and 73.16% from larval exuvium, and 41.68 and 91.53% from whole body, respectively. To obtain chitosan, chitin particles from the exuvium and whole body of T. molitor larva were heated at various temperatures in different concentrations of NaOH. Average chitin yields were 18.01% and 4.92% of DW from the exuvium and whole body, respectively. The relative average yield of chitosan from whole body was 3.65% of DW. On average, over 90% of chitosan derived from whole body was deacetylated. The viscosity of chitosan from whole body was ranged from 48.0 cP to 54.0 cP. The chitin content of dry and wet byproducts from whole body were 17.32% and 16.94% respectively, compared to dry weight. The chitosan contents of byproducts on a DW basis were 14.48% in dry and 13.07% in wet byproduct. These results indicate that the exuvium and whole body of T. molitor larva may serve as a source of chitin and chitosan for use in domestic animal feed.  相似文献   

2.
Two post-proline cleaving peptidases PPCP1 and PPCP2 with molecular masses of 101 and 63 kDa, respectively, hydrolyzing Z-AlaAlaPro-pNA were isolated for the first time from the larval midgut of the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor and characterized. PPCP1 was active only in acidic media, with a maximum at pH 5.6, whereas PPCP2, both in acidic and alkaline media with a maximum at pH 7.9. Using inhibitory analysis, both PPCP1 and PPCP2 were shown to belong to serine peptidases. The data obtained indicate that a Cys residue is located close to the PPCP2 substrate binding site. Z-Pro-prolinal, a specific inhibitor of prolyl oligopeptidases, completely inhibited PPCP2 and partially PPCP1. The substrate specificities of the isolated enzymes were studied. Z-Ala-Ala-Pro-pNA was the best substrate for PPCP1, and Z-Ala-Pro-pNA, for PPCP2. The combination of the properties allows characterization of PPCP2 as a proplyl oligopeptidase.  相似文献   

3.
为了更好地开发利用黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor,通过测定干燥的黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹的营养成分,分析氨基酸质量和脂肪酸组成,评估幼虫和虫蛹的食用安全性,并将幼虫和虫蛹与常见食物的营养含量进行比较分析,以评价黄粉虫的营养价值及评估其安全风险。结果表明:黄粉虫幼虫和虫蛹具有高蛋白质(含量分别为43.8%和48.0%),高脂肪(含量分别为31.2%和20.9%),有机物质、矿物质和维生素含量丰富等特点;两者的氨基酸组成一致,配比合理,均含17种氨基酸(色氨酸未测),总氨基酸含量分别为443.59 mg/g和233.09 mg/g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的38.08%和37.82%,必需氨基酸指数分别为1.06和0.49;两者分别含有9种和8种脂肪酸,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,分别为80.36%和79.99%,必需脂肪酸分别为38.80%和37.84%,饱和脂肪酸和脂肪酸的比值分别为4.09和3.99;两者含丰富的矿物质元素和维生素,其中钾元素含量最高,分别为7 286.5 mg/kg和7 399.0 mg/kg,铅、砷、汞元素含量均未超标,符合食用国家安全标准;维生素以B族维生素含量最高,总量分别为5 099.0 mg/kg和5 338.9 mg/kg。综上,黄粉虫具有较高的营养价值,不存在重金属含量超标的风险,具有食用及多途径开发的价值。  相似文献   

4.
黄粉虫幼虫营养成分分析和保健功能的实验研究   总被引:31,自引:1,他引:31  
杨兆芬  吴小楠 《昆虫知识》1999,36(2):97-100,94
对黄粉虫幼虫干粉的营养成分分析显示,其蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别占干重的59.70%和59.59%;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的77.05%,其中仅亚油酸就占总脂肪酸含量的41.70%。有饰物 含量均低于国家标准。有机硒含量高达34μg/100g。维生素A和E含量分别为337和898μg/100g。实验表明,干粉液无毒性。具有较好的抗疲劳,延缓衰老和降低血清胆固醇的功能,并能提高小鼠外周淋巴细胞转化率  相似文献   

5.
The mechanism of action of chlordimeform on the mealworm nerve-muscle preparation was studied with microelectrodes. Chlordimeform affected neither the mean amplitude nor the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Extracellular focal recordings show that in the presence of 0.8 mM chlordimeform the presynaptic spike is almost unchanged, but the quantal content for evoked transmitter release is reduced. It is suggested that chlordimeform decreases the influx of calcium at the presynaptic terminal during the active phase of the nerve terminal action potential, thereby inhibiting evoked transmitter release.  相似文献   

6.
黄粉甲幼虫抗菌物质的诱导及其抗菌活性   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17  
采用饥饿法、紫外线照射法和针刺法处理黄粉甲Tenebriomolitor 6龄幼虫后均能诱导其产生抗菌物质,收集的血淋巴上清液对真菌有抑制作用,对细菌无抑制作用;经热处理后的血淋巴上清液则对细菌有抑制作用,而对真菌无抑制作用。SDS-PAGE检测结果发现,与未诱导的对照相比经诱导的黄粉甲幼虫血淋巴中,原有的一类大分子蛋白质如分子量分别为97kD、44kD和37 kD左右的蛋白质缺失;而ESI-MS分析结果显示诱导后比诱导前黄粉甲幼虫血淋巴中有小分子物质产生,推测可能是此类缺失蛋白质分解为小分子量的抗菌肽,从而表现出抗菌活性。  相似文献   

7.
饲料种类和饲养密度对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
高红莉  周文宗  张硌  李洪涛 《生态学报》2006,26(10):3258-3264
室内研究了饲料种类、饲养密度对黄粉虫幼虫生长速度、死亡率、化蛹率和虫体营养成分的影响.结果表明:(1)黄粉虫幼虫平均每头增重大小顺序为:C组(麦麸+菜叶)> B组(麦麸)>A组(白菜叶)>D组(饥饿),密度1~4头/cm^2的黄粉虫幼虫平均每头增重幅度大于6~8头/cm^2的处理组.(2)黄粉虫幼虫总死亡率的大小顺序分别为:A组、C组>D组>B组,8头/cm^2>2~6头/cm^2>1头/cm^2;自然死亡率的大小顺序分别为:B组、C组>A组>D组,8头/cm^2>1~6头/cm^2;自相残杀死亡率的大小顺序分别为:A组、C组、D组>B组,8头/cm^2>4~6头/cm^2>1~2头/cm^2;自相残杀死亡率占总死亡率比例的大小顺序分别为:D组>A组、C组>B组, 4~8头/cm^2>2头/cm^2>1头/cm^2.(3)黄粉虫幼虫化蛹率的大小顺序分别为:C组>A、B、D组,1~2头/cm^2>4头/cm^2>6~8头/cm^2.(4)黄粉虫幼虫干物质含量的大小顺序分别为:B组> C组>D组>A组,8头/cm^2 >6头/cm^2>1头/cm^2、4头/cm^2>2头/cm^2;不同饲料条件下虫体中氮、磷含量的大小顺序为:D组、A组>B组、C组;饲养密度对黄粉虫幼虫氮、磷含量均没有明显的影响.(5)在生产中,饲料以精饲料和青饲料合理搭配为宜,如果考虑化蛹繁殖,密度以2头/cm^2为宜;如果不考虑化蛹繁殖,则黄粉虫幼虫密度可以提高到4头/cm^2.  相似文献   

8.
    
The physiological processes that occur during the aging of insects are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in contractile activity and hemodynamic parameters of the heart that take place as the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor, ages. The frequency of heart contractions in beetles that had just undergone metamorphosis (median 24.7 beats/min) was significantly lower than the frequency of heart contractions in older beetles. In 56% of beetles that were < 1 week of age, a pattern of contractile activity with alternating periods of higher and lower contraction frequency was detected, suggesting that some posteclosion developmental processes occur during the first week of adulthood. All beetles that were 1 week of age showed a regular rhythm of heart contractions (median 72 beats/min). In older beetles, abnormalities such as heart arrhythmias or heart arrest were observed. The incidence of arrhythmia as well as the arrhythmicity index was highest in beetles that were 8–18 weeks old. The calculated stroke volume (SV) was also found to increase from eclosion to 12 weeks of age, and then decreased as adults aged further. Interestingly, cardiac output increased gradually, but the ejection fraction did not change significantly with age.  相似文献   

9.
【目的】测定黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus幼虫抗菌肽提取液的浓度、抑菌活性及其部分生化特性和凝血效应。【方法】本实验用浓度为1×108 CFU/m L大肠杆菌Escherichia coli诱导5龄黄粉虫幼虫,分别在诱导12、24、36、48、60和72 h后提取其中的抗菌肽,并用考马斯亮兰法测定抗菌肽粗提液蛋白的浓度,并用滤纸片法测定其抑菌活性,同时对其热稳定性、反复冻融稳定性、蛋白酶稳定性及不同p H对其活性的影响等生化特性及凝血效应进行了探究。【结果】经大肠杆菌诱导的黄粉虫抗菌肽粗提液的蛋白浓度均显著高于未诱导的黄粉虫组(P<0.01),且在诱导48 h时产生的抗菌肽提取液蛋白的浓度最高,产生的抑菌圈直径也显著高于未诱导的黄粉虫组(P<0.05),生化特性的测定结果显示,黄粉虫抗菌肽有较好的热稳定性、酶稳定性及酸碱稳定性,反复冻溶后对其抑菌活性影响不大,并且无凝血效应。【结论】大肠杆菌可以刺激黄粉虫的免疫系统,增加抗菌肽的表达量,使其产生浓度高、活性强的抗菌肽,且生化特性较稳定。本研究对黄粉虫抗菌肽作为绿色抗生素用于畜牧养殖业的进一步开发与利用提供了科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
The site specificity of the apicomplexans Gregarina cuneata and Gregarina sleini , in larval Tenebrio molitor was investigated. Gregarina cuneata was found to inhabit the anteriormost region of the larval midgut, while G. steini was restricted to the posterior portion of the intestine. The site specificity of the pair was conserved in single and concurrent infections. Interspecific interactions do not seem to be presently responsible for the resource partitioning by the 2 gregarine species. Key words. Gregarina, site specificity, Tenebrio molitor.  相似文献   

11.
利用黄粉虫分离土壤昆虫病原真菌   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
贾春生  由士江  高文韬 《昆虫知识》2006,43(2):260-261,F0004
利用黄粉虫Tenebrio molitorL.作为寄主从土壤中诱感并分离昆虫病原真菌。结果显示,从吉林市的18个土样中分离出球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhiziumanisopliae)和玫烟色拟青霉(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)。土样中的昆虫病原真菌检出率为77.78%。这表明利用黄粉虫分离土壤中的昆虫病原真菌是一种简单、有效的方法。  相似文献   

12.
目的 纯化黄粉虫抗菌肽Tenecin蛋白,并检测其抑菌活性.方法用1 mmol/L IPTG大量诱导表达Tenecin蛋白,纯化后检测其抑菌活性,包括金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 29213,大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)ATCC 25922,白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)ATCC 10231和痢疾志贺氏菌(Shigella dysenteriae)CMCC 51252等4种标准菌.结果 SDS-PAGE电泳检测表明已获得纯化的Tenecin蛋白;体外抑菌试验结果表明,浓度为120、60、30、15 μg/ml的Tenecin与4种标准菌共培养18 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强,而对白色念珠菌的抑制作用最弱.对同一菌种而言,浓度为60和30 μg/ml两组间无统计学意义(P>0.05),而其他各浓度的组间均有显著性差异(P<0.01);对同一浓度的Tenecin而言,其对白色念珠菌和痢疾志贺氏菌的抑菌效果组间无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 获得的Tenecin蛋白可明显抑制病原菌,为进一步研究其抑菌机理和后期研发奠定了基础.  相似文献   

13.
黄粉虫防御性分泌物抑菌活性的研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
目的:研究黄粉虫防御性分泌物的化学成分及其抑菌活性。方法:用二氯甲烷萃取分泌物并经GC/MS分析,后用牛津杯法和平板连续稀释法分别就该分泌物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母、黑曲霉、桔青霉的抑菌作用及2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品对上述供试菌的最低抑菌浓度进行测定和比较。结果:分泌物含2-甲基对苯醌、对甲酚和正二十三烷等7种成分,抑菌强度:桔青霉>大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌>白色假丝酵母>黑曲霉。结论:该分泌物对这5种供试菌的抑制效果优于2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品。  相似文献   

14.
    
The Toll signalling pathway, which is crucial for innate immunity, is transduced in insect haemolymph via a proteolytic cascade consisting of three serine proteases. The proteolytic cascade is downregulated by a specific serine protease inhibitor (serpin). Recently, the serpin SPN48 was found to show an unusual specific reactivity towards the terminal serine protease, Spätzle‐processing enzyme, in the beetle Tenebrio molitor. In this study, the mature form of SPN48 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified SPN48 protein was crystallized using 14% polyethylene glycol 8000 and 0.1 M 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6.0 as the precipitant. The crystals diffracted X‐rays to 2.1 Å resolution and were suitable for structure determination. The crystals belonged to space group P21. The crystal structure will provide information regarding how SPN48 achieves its unusual specificity for its target protease.  相似文献   

15.
    
Edible insects such as the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) are emerging as an alternative animal protein resource to meet the needs of a growing global population. However, despite the successful mass production of edible insects, research into practical compound feed for edible insect is still insufficient. In this study, mealworms were fed wheat bran, layer chicken feed mash, chicken pellets and cattle pellets for 1 to 36 days, after which their body length was measured. In the groups fed with chicken feed mash, chicken pellets or cattle pellets, the mean body lengths were 2.88, 2.92 and 2.95 cm, respectively, similar to the 2.95 cm of the control T. molitor fed with wheat bran. Individual weight measurements yielded similar results: control, 7.87 g; chicken feed mash, 7.43 g; chicken pellets, 7.60 g; and cattle pellets, 7.63 g. Analysis of livestock feed intake showed that the intake was 290.4 g in control insects, 137.7 g in insects fed chicken feed mash, 220.2 g in insects fed chicken pellets and 230.3 g in insects fed cattle pellets. In the excretion analysis, the excretion of the control insects (161.60 g) was larger than that of the insects fed with chicken feed mash (93.37 g), chicken pellets (93.40 g) or cattle pellets (133.87 g). An analysis of the nutritional content of T. molitor based on nine major nutrients showed no significant differences between the control and the test groups. These results can be used to improve the price competitiveness and quality of T. molitor for commercial development.  相似文献   

16.
黄粉虫幼虫体壁硬化过程中酚氧化酶活性的变化   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为研究酚氧化酶(PO)在昆虫蜕皮过程中的功能和作用, 采用微量测定法研究了黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor体壁硬化过程中血淋巴和表皮中的PO活性变化。结果表明:初蜕皮幼虫血淋巴中PO活性较高, 但随着体壁的不断黑化与硬化, 其活性呈现下降趋势, 在3~4 h内达到最低点, 而后PO活性逐渐上升, 7 h左右活性上升至最高, 并接近于正常幼虫的水平;在刚蜕完皮后的1 h内, 体壁中 PO活性基本无变化, 但随后即开始下降, 3 h左右降到最低点, 然后开始回升, 6~7 h左右恢复到正常水平, 并趋于稳定;以L-DOPA为底物, 通过双倒数曲线作图法求得黄粉虫血淋巴PO的Km=1.176 mmol/L, 体壁PO的Km=0.881 mmol/L, 表明体壁PO与底物L-DOPA的亲和力要高于血淋巴PO。研究表明两种来源的酚氧化酶均参与了黄粉虫幼虫的体壁硬化过程, 但在作用方式及与底物的亲和力方面存在差异。  相似文献   

17.
    
The enantioselective bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor Linne larva was investigated with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on the ChiralcelOD‐3R[cellulose tri‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate)] column. In this study we documented the effects of dietary supplementation with wheat bran contaminated by racemic diniconazole at two dose levels of 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 (dry weight) in Tenebrio molitor. The results showed that both doses of diniconazole were taken up by Tenebrio molitor rapidly in the first few days, the concentrations of R‐enantiomer and S‐enantiomer at high doses reached the highest level of 0.55 mg kg‐1 and 0.48 mg kg‐1, respectively, on the 1st d, and the concentrations of them obtained a maxima of 0.129 mg kg‐1 and 0.128 mg kg‐1 at low dose, respectively, on the 3rd d, which means that the concentration of diniconazole was proportional to the time of achieving the highest accumulated level. It afterwards attained equilibrium after a sharp decline at both 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 of diniconazole. The determination results from the feces of Tenebrio molitor demonstrated that the extraction recovery (ER) values of the high dose group were higher than that of the low dose group and the values were all above 1; therefore, it could be inferred that enantiomerization existed in Tenebrio molitor. Additionally, the biota accumulation factor was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation of diniconazole enantiomers, showing that the bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor was enantioselective with preferential accumulation of S‐enantiomer. Chirality 25:917–922, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

18.
为探索黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor在降解聚苯乙烯过程中聚苯乙烯与麸皮的最佳配比,本研究将聚苯乙烯与麸皮按不同比例PS1(1:9),PS2(2:8),PS3(3:7),PS4(4:6),PS5(5:5),PS6(6:4),PS7(7:3),PS8(8:2),PS9(9:1),PS10(10:0),CK(0:10...  相似文献   

19.
    
In this study, we made koji using protein‐rich Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae, and then used the koji to prepare a paste and a sauce. The TML koji showed the highest amino nitrogen, protease activity, and free amino acids content when it was fermented for 72 h after inoculation with 0.8% A. oryzae. The koji was aged in 20% saltwater for 50 days, and then the paste and sauce were separated. To evaluate the effect of TML paste and sauce on ethanol (EtOH)‐damaged hepatocytes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) were measured in EtOH‐treated HepG2 cells after pretreatment with TML paste and sauce extract. As a result, we confirmed that TML paste and sauce extracts lowered the AST and ALT content in the medium, compared to soybean sauce and paste extracts. TML paste and sauce extract significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6, a biomarker of inflammation, and significantly increased the activity of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in proportion to the amount of TML added to the paste and sauce. These results suggest that the intake of TML paste and sauce, a new type of fermented food made from insects, may provide effective protection to the liver against hepatocyte injury by EtOH via anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects.  相似文献   

20.
利用黄粉甲Tenebriomolitor的蛹作为中间寄主繁育管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermaguani,测定了不同蜂虫比对发育历期、寄生率等几项评价繁育效果的重要指标。结果显示接蜂时不同蜂虫比对雌蜂产卵量和育出的子代蜂数量有较明显的影响,当蜂虫比为2∶1时这2项重要指标较为理想。综合比较了寄生率、寄生成功率、子代蜂的发育历期、出蜂数、性比等各项指标后认为,人工扩繁时采用2∶1的蜂虫比较为适宜。  相似文献   

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