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1.
Photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PSGMS) rice ( Oryza sativa L.), a natural mutant found in the rice cultivar Nongken 58, is very useful for the development of hybrid rice cultivars. Despite its widespread use in breeding programs, the initial stage of the abortive development of PSGMS rice and the possible cytological mechanisms of pollen abortion have not been determined. In the present study, a systematic cytological comparison of the anther development of PSGMS rice with its normal fertile counterpart is conducted. The results show that pollen abortion in PSGMS rice first occurs before the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage, and continues during the entire process of pollen development until pollen degradation. The abortive process was closely associated with the abnormal behavior of the tapetum. Although tapetum degeneration in PSGMS rice initiates already at the PMC stage, it proceeds slowly and does not complete until the breakdown of the pollen. Such cytological observations were supported by the results of the TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling) assay, which detects DNA fragmentation resulting from programmed cell death (PCD), indicating that the premature tapetum degeneration is in the process of PCD. 相似文献
2.
Reproductive tissue-specific translatome of a rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《遗传学报》2022,49(7):624-635
3.
We report here two environmental genic male-sterilities (EGMS) in rice. These two EGMS rice lines, thermo-sensitive genic male-sterility (TGMS) and photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterility (PGMS), are controlled by temperature and photoperiod, respectively, in determining their male-sterility. Male-sterility of the TGMS and PGMS was found to be induced when they were grown at 32 degrees C/26 degrees C (day/night) with 14 h daylight, while they were fertile at 26 degrees C/20 degrees C (day/night) with 10 h daylight in a growth chamber. We also examined their anther structures under a light microscope. The light microscopic observation revealed that the EGMS lines showed a complete pollen abortion at the sterile growth condition while they produced normal fertile pollens at the fertile growth condition. 相似文献
4.
Calcium distribution in fertile and sterile anthers of a photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile rice 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Potassium antimonate was used to locate Ca2+ in fertile and sterile anthers of a photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica). During the development of fertile anthers, abundant calcium precipitates accumulated in the anther walls and on the surface
of pollen grains and Ubish bodies at the late developmental stage of the microspore, but not in the cytoplasm of pollen grains.
Following the accumulation of starch grains in pollen, calcium precipitates on pollen walls diminished and increased in parenchymatous
cells of the connective tissue. In sterile anthers, calcium precipitates were abundant in the middle layer and endothecium,
but not in the tapetum, as was found in fertile anthers. A special cell wall was observed between the tapetum and middle layer
of sterile anthers that appeared to relate to distinctive calcium accumulation patterns and poor pollen wall formation in
the loculi. The formation of different patterns of antimonate-induced calcium precipitates in the anthers of photoperiod-sensitive
genic male-sterile rice indicates that anomalies in the distribution of calcium accumulation correlate with the failure of
pollen development and pollen abortion.
Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 5 July 1997 相似文献
5.
Yu Han Sheng-Zhe Jiang Xiang Zhong Xing Chen Chang-Kai Ma Yan-Ming Yang Yi-Chen Mao Si-Da Zhou Lei Zhou Yan-Fei Zhang Xue-Hui Huang Hui Zhang Lai-Geng Li Jun Zhu Zhong-Nan Yang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(8):1659-1670
In rice breeding, thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) lines based on the tms5 locus have been extensively employed. Here, we reported a novel rice TGMS line ostms15 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica ZH11) which show male sterility under high temperature and fertility under low temperature. Field evaluation from 2018 to 2021 revealed that its sterility under high temperature is more stable than that of tms5 (ZH11), even with occasional low temperature periods, indicating its considerable value for rice breeding. OsTMS15 encodes an LRR-RLK protein MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1 (MSP1) which was reported to interact with its ligand to initiate tapetum development for pollen formation. In ostms15, a point mutation from GTA (Val) to GAA (Glu) in its TIR motif of the LRR region led to the TGMS phenotype. Cellular observation and gene expression analysis showed that the tapetum is still present in ostms15, while its function was substantially impaired under high temperature. However, its tapetum function was restored under low temperature. The interaction between mOsTMS15 and its ligand was reduced while this interaction was partially restored under low temperature. Slow development was reported to be a general mechanism of P/TGMS fertility restoration. We propose that the recovered protein interaction together with slow development under low temperature compensates for the defective tapetum initiation, which further restores ostms15 fertility. We used base editing to create a number of TGMS lines with different base substitutions based on the OsTMS15 locus. This work may also facilitate the mechanistic investigation and breeding of other crops. 相似文献
6.
玉米细胞核雄性不育突变体是研究花粉发育和减数分裂的理想材料,也是杂种优势利用的重要种质资源。随着分子生物技术的快速发展,部分玉米细胞核雄性不育基因陆续被成功克隆,为其在工程不育化杂交种生产中的应用奠定了基础。综述了近年来对玉米细胞核雄性不育的细胞学鉴定、基因克隆和分子机制的研究进展,并对其应用途径和前景进行了分析。 相似文献
7.
The formation of fertile male gametophyte is known to require timely degeneration of polyfunctional tapetum tissue. The last process caused by the programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of the anther program maturation which leads to sequential anther tissue destruction coordinated with pollen differentiation. In the present work, distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in developing anthers of male-fertile and male-sterile lines of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was analyzed by using the immunohistochemical method. It was established that the development of fertile male gametophyte was accompanied by monotonous elevation of ABA and IAA levels in reproductive cells and, in contrast, their monotonous lowering in tapetum cells and the middle layers. Abortion of microsporocytes in the meiosis prophase in the sterile line caused by premature tapetum degeneration along with complete maintenance of the middle layers was accompanied by dramatic, twofold elevation in the levels of both the phytohormones in reproductive cells. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that at the meiosis stage ABA and IAA are involved in the PCD of microsporocytes. 相似文献
8.
9.
水稻雄性不育与花药中类脂褐素的积累 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
细胞质雄性不育水稻不育系珍汕97A和其保持系珍汕97B,处于不育期的光(温)敏核不育水稻W6154s和培矮64s的花药中类脂褐素(LFLP)含量随花粉发育或败育而增高.不育花药中LFLP的形成速率比可育花药快,三核期的珍汕97A和不育期W6154s的花药,其LFLP比相应具育性花药高24%.用抗氧化剂GSH、BHT和N2处理离体的单核期花药,发现GSH可降低珍汕97A和不育期的W6154s的LFLP含量.结果认为,水稻雄性不育与膜脂过氧化作用的荧光产物类脂褐素的积累有关. 相似文献
10.
11.
Lili Wan Xiuyun Xia Dengfeng Hong Ji Li Guangsheng Yang 《Journal of Plant Biology》2010,53(2):121-133
In the recessive genic male sterile line 9012A of Brassica napus, pollen development is affected during the tetrad stage. According to the light and electron microscopy analysis of tapetal
cells and tetrads, the sterile tapetal cells swelled with expanded vacuoles at the early tetrad stage and finally filled the
center of the locules where a majority of tetrads encased with the thick callose wall collapsed and degraded. We suggested
that an absence of callase, which is a wall-degrading enzyme stored in the vacuoles of tapetal cells before secretion, resulted
in the failure of tetrad separation. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the secretory tapetal
cells were not observed in sterile anthers, which indicated that the transition of the tapetum from the parietal type to the
secretory type was probably aberrant. In plants, degeneration of the tapetum is thought to be the result of programmed cell
death (PCD). PCD of tapetal cells was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling
assay and signals indicative of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation were detected much earlier in sterile anther than in fertile
anther. This suggests that tapetal breakdown does not occur by the normal procession of PCD and might be following an alternative
mechanism of unscheduled apoptosis in line 9012A. This research supports the hypothesis that premature PCD is associated with
male sterility in B. napus. 相似文献
12.
Chaubal R Zanella C Trimnell MR Fox TW Albertsen MC Bedinger P 《American journal of botany》2000,87(8):1193-1201
Two recessive male-sterile mutants of maize with similar patterns of pollen abortion were studied. Genetic studies showed that one of the two mutations was allelic with a previously identified male-sterility locus (ms23) and the other mutation was in a newly identified male-sterility locus (ms32). Cytological characterization of homozygous mutants and fertile heterozygous control siblings was performed using brightfield, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. During normal anther development, the final anther wall periclinal division divides the secondary parietal anther wall layer into the middle layer and tapetum, forming an anther with four wall layers. This is followed by differentiation of the tapetal cells into protoplastic binucleate, secretory tissue. In both the ms23 and ms32 mutants, the prospective tapetal layer divided into two layers, termed t1 and t2, forming an anther with five wall layers. Neither the t1 nor the t2 layers differentiated normally into tapetal layers, as determined by examination of cell walls, nucleus number, and cytoplasmic organization. Pollen mother cells aborted after the onset of prophase I of meiosis, suggesting that an early developmental coordination may exist between tapetum and pollen mother cells. 相似文献
13.
The rice tapetum degeneration retardation gene is required for tapetum degradation and anther development 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
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Li N Zhang DS Liu HS Yin CS Li XX Liang WQ Yuan Z Xu B Chu HW Wang J Wen TQ Huang H Luo D Ma H Zhang DB 《The Plant cell》2006,18(11):2999-3014
In flowering plants, tapetum degeneration is proposed to be triggered by a programmed cell death (PCD) process during late stages of pollen development; the PCD is thought to provide cellular contents supporting pollen wall formation and to allow the subsequent pollen release. However, the molecular basis regulating tapetum PCD in plants remains poorly understood. We report the isolation and characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) male sterile mutant tapetum degeneration retardation (tdr), which exhibits degeneration retardation of the tapetum and middle layer as well as collapse of microspores. The TDR gene is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and encodes a putative basic helix-loop-helix protein, which is likely localized to the nucleus. More importantly, two genes, Os CP1 and Os c6, encoding a Cys protease and a protease inhibitor, respectively, were shown to be the likely direct targets of TDR through chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results indicate that TDR is a key component of the molecular network regulating rice tapetum development and degeneration. 相似文献
14.
15.
Discovery of a novel cytoplasmic male-sterility and its restorer lines in radish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Raphanus sativus</Emphasis> L.) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Lee YP Park S Lim C Kim H Lim H Ahn Y Sung SK Yoon MK Kim S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,117(6):905-913
A male-sterile (MS) radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was found in an accession collected from Uzbekistan. Unlike Ogura MS radishes in which no pollen grain is typically visible
during anthesis, a small number of pollen grains stuck together in the dehiscing anthers was observed in the newly identified
MS radish. Fluorescein diacetate tests and scanning electron micrographs showed that pollen grains in the new MS radish were
severely deformed and non-viable. Cytological examination of pollen development stages showed a clear difference in the defective
stage from that seen in Ogura male-sterility. Reciprocal cross-pollination with diverse male-fertile lines indicated that
pollen grains of the new MS radish were completely sterile, and the female organs were fully fertile. When the new MS radish
and Ogura MS lines were cross-pollinated with a set of eight breeding lines, all F1 progeny originating from crosses with the new MS radish were male-sterile. In contrast, most of the F1 progeny resulting from crosses with Ogura MS lines were male-fertile. These results demonstrated that factors associated
with induction of the newly identified male-sterility are different from those of Ogura male-sterility. The lack of restorer
lines for the newly identified male-sterility led us to predict that it might be a complete cytoplasmic male-sterility without
restorer-of-fertility genes in nuclear genomes. However, cross-pollination with more diverse radish germplasm identified one
accession introduced from Russia that could completely restore fertility, proving the existence of restorer-of-fertility gene(s)
for the new male-sterility. Meanwhile, the PCR amplification profile of molecular markers for the classification of radish
mitochondrial genome types revealed that the new MS radish contained a novel mitotype. 相似文献
16.
Programmed cell death (PCD) in the tapetum of Lathyrus undulatus L. was analyzed based on light, fluorescence and electron microscopy to characterize its spatial and temporal occurrence. Development and processes of PCD in secretory tapetal cells of Lathyrus undulatus L. were correlated with the sporogenous cells and pollen grains. At early stages of development the tapetal cells appeared similar to pollen mother cells, structurally. Concurrent with meiosis, tapetum expanded both tangentially and radially as vacuoles increased in size. Tapetal cells most fully developed at young microspore stage. However, tapetum underwent substantial changes in cell organization including nucleus morphology monitored by DAPI. The TUNEL staining confirmed the occurrence of intra-nucleosomal DNA cleavage. In addition to nuclear degeneration which is the first hallmark of PCD other diagnostic features were observed at vacuolated microspore stage intensely; such as chromatin condensation at the periphery of the nucleus, nuclear membrane degeneration, chromatin release to the cytoplasm, vacuole collapse according to tonoplast rupture, shrinkage of the cytoplasm, the increase and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and disruption of the plasma membrane. After vacuole collapse due to possible release of hydrolytic enzymes the cell components degraded. Tapetal cells completely degenerated at bicellular pollen stage. 相似文献
17.
Abolition of the tapetum suicide program ruins microsporogenesis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kawanabe T Ariizumi T Kawai-Yamada M Uchimiya H Toriyama K 《Plant & cell physiology》2006,47(6):784-787
Microsporogenesis in angiosperms takes places within the anther. Microspores are surrounded by a layer of cells, the tapetum, which degenerates during the later stages of pollen development with cytological features characteristic of programmed cell death (PCD). We report herein that the expression of AtBI-1, which suppresses Bax-induced cell death, in the tapetum at the tetrad stage inhibits tapetum degeneration and subsequently results in pollen abortion, while activation of AtBI-1 at the later stage does not. Our results demonstrate that the PCD signal commences at the tetrad stage and that the proper timing of PCD in the tapetum is essential for normal microsporogenesis. 相似文献
18.
Guoying Xiao Longping Yuan Samuel S. M. Sun 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,20(3):287-292
Hybrid rice plays an important role in China's aim to improve rice production as it accounts for some 50% of rice planting
area but produces about 60% of the total rice grain. However, the existing three-line system used in hybrid rice production
has its limitations. The two-line system, which makes use of photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PGMS) and thermo-sensitive
genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines to generate the male-sterile parental line, was developed to overcome some of these limitations.
The sterility of the male-sterile line of two-line hybrid rice, however, fluctuates when the temperature-sensitive phase of
fertility encounters abnormal low temperatures during hybrid seed production, which induces selfing and decreases the purity
of hybrid. We describe here the strategy of utilizing a herbicide resistance gene in two-line hybrid rice to eliminate this
fluctuation in the sterility of the P/TGMS lines during hybrid seed production and reports the development of the herbicide
resistance restorer line Bar68-1 and its herbicide-resistant early season hybrid rice Xiang125s/Bar68-1. When the restorer
line and its derived hybrid are herbicide resistant, the selfed seeds can be removed easily from the hybrid by herbicide spraying.
A herbicide resistance gene bar was transferred into a restorer line by particle bombardment. The resulting transgenic restorer line Bar68-1 and its hybrid
Xiang125 s/Bar68-1 inherited stable herbicide resistance. The purity of Xiang125s/Bar68-1 was increased by spraying the seed
bed with herbicide, which resulted in a significant increase in yield, grain quality, and disease resistance in comparison
to the controls in a regional trial. 相似文献
19.
Giuseppina Falasca Simone D'Angeli Rita Biasi Laura Fattorini Maja Matteucci Antonella Canini Maria Maddalena Altamura 《Annals of botany》2013,112(6):1045-1055