浙江省野生蜡梅花部形态变异及其与环境因子的相关性

以浙江省蜡梅自然分布区的5个居群为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、主成分分析、相关分析、聚类分析等多种分析方法,探究蜡梅花部的形态变异及其与环境因子相关性以及居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果表明:蜡梅花部性状中除雄蕊长度、雌蕊数、雌蕊长度、内被片数以外,其他12个性状在居群间均有极显著差异。胚珠数的平均变异系数最大,花冠内径的平均变异系数最小,各性状的平均变异系数为15.03%(10.81%—23.38%)。五尖山的表型多样性最丰富,碧东山居群最小,种群间平均表型分化系数为44.38%(1.57%—89.62%),种群内变异大于种群间变异,种群内变异是花部变异的主要来源。主成分分析显示花冠直径、花冠内径、花筒深度和中被片长对种群变异起主要贡献作用。花部多数性状间存在显著或极显著的相关关系,生态因子中花部性状与土壤酸度相关性最大,土壤中花部性状与大量元素相关性最大,微量元素次之,中量元素最小。通过UPGMA聚类分析可以将5个种群分成两组。浙江省野生蜡梅花部形态存在丰富的变异和多样性,花部部分性状与土壤中钙、铁、铜含量和海拔有显著或极显著相关关系。     

灯盏花种质资源群体表型多样性研究

以采集自云南和贵州的21份灯盏花种质资源为材料,观测了它们的群体表型性状特征,并分析了这些表型性状的遗传多样性.结果表明:灯盏花种质资源的表型质量性状在居群内外均有丰富变异,不同质量性状的频率不同,并以多叶型的植株、绿色的茎、疏的茎毛、倒披针型的基生叶、全缘叶、锐尖的叶尖、花色淡紫和黄色的管状花冠口等为代表性表型性状.居群内各数量性状间以单株基生叶数和单株分枝数变异系数较高(均超过50%),而花序直径变异系数最低(18.14%);居群间各表型性状以株高和单序管状花数变异系数较高(52.98%和41.98%),而单株基生叶数和基生叶长变异系数较低(<20%).地理类群间表型分化系数为26.58%,地理类群内表型分化系数为73.42%.灯盏花性状表型多样性指数以株高最高(2.243),以单株分枝数和单株基生叶数较低(1.723和1.874),总体平均表型多样性指数为2.028;不同地理类群的表型多样性指数为1.589~1.890,并以楚雄地区最高,曲靖地区最低.研究发现,灯盏花种质资源具有丰富的质量和数量性状变异,多数性状的地理类群内变异大于地理类群间,且表型多样性指数相对较高,对其地理类群内变异的保护和利用对灯盏花育种具有重要的意义.     

甘蔗近缘种滇蔗茅(Erianthus rockii)表型性状遗传多样性研究

选用6个数量性状和23个质量性状对滇蔗茅野生资源的表型变异、多样性及聚类关系进行分析。结果表明,数量性状变异系数在12.72%~22.38%之间,最大的是田间锤度,为22.38%,其次是茎径,为22.27%,最小的是叶长,为12.72%;质量性状的曝光后节间颜色多样性丰富,茎形、芽形、生长裂缝、节间形状、花序形状等5个性状均表现一致;聚类分析表明51份滇蔗茅无性系材料可分为4大类群和5个亚类群。遗传多样性和聚类分析为资源杂交利用和优异基因挖掘提供参考。     

太白杜鹃天然居群的表型多样性

为揭示太白杜鹃(Rhododendron purdomii)天然居群的表型变异程度、变异规律,以秦岭山区的7个天然居群为研究对象,对其花序和叶片的10个数量性状和8个质量性状进行方差分析、相关分析与聚类分析,探讨居群间与居群内表型多样性的变异特点。结果显示:(1)在太白杜鹃的质量性状中,花色与花瓣内斑在居群间与居群内均存在丰富变异,花朵香味、花序形状、花冠形状、花梗颜色、叶片形状和株型等仅在居群间存在明显变异,在居群内则趋于一致性;其数量性状在居群间与居群内也存在广泛变异,10个数量性状在居群间和居群内平均值差异全部达显著水平;在7个居群内数量性状的变异系数为0～55.3%,其中花梗长、花丝长、花瓣宽与叶柄长变异较大,花朵数变异较小。(2)相关性分析表明,太白杜鹃花瓣长和花瓣宽分别与经度存在极显著与显著负相关关系,叶片长、叶片宽和叶片长宽比与海拔均存在显著负相关关系,而其它性状与地理因子的关系密切。(3)聚类分析显示,太白杜鹃的7个天然居群可以初步分为两大类,但性状的表型特征并没有依地理距离而聚类。研究表明,太白杜鹃天然居群的表型性状在居群内与居群间均存在丰富的变异,而且其与居群特点、分布生境等关系密切。     

野杏无性系表型性状多样性分析及综合评价

为深入研究野杏种质资源遗传多样性,筛选发掘和高效利用野杏资源,本研究采用聚类分析、相关分析、主成分分析和逐步线性回归分析,对54个野杏无性系的40个表型性状(其中,15个质量性状和25个数量性状)进行了研究。结果表明:54个野杏无性系变异程度高,类型多样,遗传多样性丰富。其中,25个数量性状的变异系数均值为18.19%,单果重的变异系数最大(42.56%);数量性状的多样性指数(1.980)大于质量性状(0.761),核形指数的多样性指数最大(2.082)。聚类分析将54个野杏无性系分为5个类群,类群Ⅰ可用于选育高出核率、高出仁率类型及特殊叶形的种质资源;类群Ⅱ可用于选育特殊果实类型的种质;类群Ⅲ可作为培育特殊核、仁型品种的亲本材料;类群Ⅳ可用于选育大核、大仁、丰产类型的种质;类群Ⅴ可作为核壳用资源。主成分分析表明前7个主成分能代表25个数量性状的大部分信息,累计贡献率达83.31%。野杏无性系表型性状的综合评价结果表明,甘肃会宁县的270号的综合得分最高(0.756)。结合逐步线性回归方法筛选出小枝粗度、叶片长度、果长、单果重、核长、核宽、核厚、单核重、仁宽、仁形指数和出仁率可作为野杏无性系表型性状评价的重要指标。     

我国主栽一串红资源的表型多样性分析

为了提高一串红品种资源的利用效率,从20个数量性状和5个质量性状方面对我国主栽的20份一串红种质资源的表型遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明一串红表型多样性丰富,品种间表型性状变异程度较高。外引与中国两个类群间表型变异程度及丰富性都比较相似。25个表型性状的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数变化于0.23~1.97之间,数量性状中以主茎直径、花冠直径、叶柄长、始花时间和花间长的多样性指数较高,质量性状中则以叶面泡状突起程度及叶柄显色强度多样性指数较高。主成分分析筛选出对总体方差累计贡献率达83.96%的前5个主成分,可反映一串红资源的总体形态表现。20份资源间平均遗传距离约为7.0,在欧氏距离约为8.5时,参试的20份资源可分为高生种和矮生种两大类,前者仅包含1个品种(篝火),而后者包含19个品种,且在欧氏距离约为7.2处又可进一步分为4个亚类。     

香椿种质生长及叶部表型性状的遗传变异分析

以84个香椿(Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem.)种质为材料,对其2个生长性状和18个叶部性状(包含6个质量性状和12个数量性状)进行测定。结果显示,香椿6个叶部质量性状变异类型丰富,呈现出多态化特点,单一性状的主要表型多为1~2个。苗高、地径及叶部表型等14个数量性状在种质间的差异均达到极显著水平,且除地径外,其他性状的遗传方差分量均大于环境方差分量,表明此类性状主要受遗传控制。参试的14个数量性状的平均表型变异系数为20.35%,平均遗传变异系数为16.36%;综合表型和遗传变异系数,叶柄长度较其他性状变异大,而叶片夹角稳定性最高,各数量性状(除地径外)遗传变异系数与表型变异系数之差小于7%。香椿种质各性状间Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数相差不大(1.892~2.069),遗传多样性水平高,具有良好的遗传改良基础。聚类分析可将84个香椿种质分为5类,类群Ⅰ表现为生长旺盛、小比叶重型;类群Ⅱ生长较快、叶片较大;类群Ⅲ种质数量最多,属生长缓慢、大比叶重型;类群Ⅳ特征为大叶片、多叶型;类群Ⅴ为小叶片、稀叶型。研究结果表明参试香椿种质变异丰富,遗传多样性水平高,能为良种选育、遗传改良等研究提供丰富的遗传材料。     

香椿(Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.)种质生长及叶部表型性状的遗传变异分析

以84个香椿（Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.）种质为材料,对其2个生长性状和18个叶部性状（包含6个质量性状和12个数量性状）进行了测定。结果显示,香椿6个叶部质量性状变异类型丰富,呈现出多态化特点,单一性状的主要表型多为1～2个。苗高、地径及叶部表型等14个数量性状在种质间的差异均达到极显著水平,且除地径外,其他性状的遗传方差分量均大于环境方差分量,表明此类性状主要受遗传控制。参试14个数量性状的平均表型变异系数为20.35%,平均遗传变异系数为16.36%;综合表型和遗传变异系数,叶柄长度较其他性状变异大,而叶片夹角稳定性最高,各数量性状（除地径外）遗传变异系数与表型变异系数之差小于7%。香椿种质各性状间Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数相差不大（1.892～2.069）,遗传多样性水平高,具有良好的遗传改良基础。聚类分析可将84个香椿种质分为5类,类群Ⅰ表现为生长旺盛、小比叶重型;类群Ⅱ生长较快、叶片较大;类群Ⅲ种质数量最多,属生长缓慢、大比叶重型;类群Ⅳ特征为大叶片、多叶型;类群Ⅴ为小叶片、稀叶型。研究结果表明参试香椿种质变异丰富,遗传多样性水平高,能为良种选育、遗传改良等工作提供丰富的遗传材料。     

泡沙参复合体(桔梗科)的物种生物学研究: I.表型的可塑性

表型可塑性是生物变异中由环境引起的一种变异,是植物适应的一种重要方式。对沙参属这样一个形态上复杂多变,分类上很难处理的类群,研究其表型可塑性不仅为探讨性状变异、判断其系统学意义及选择可靠的分类性状提供了有益的资料,而且有助于揭示沙参属植物变异、适应和进化的机制。本文从泡沙参复合体中选择了6个居群,利用播种和移栽试验,通过对不同个体和居群在一致条件下的表现及野外和移栽后的对比,对根、茎、叶,花和果等形态性状的表型可塑性进行了初步的观测分析。结果表明,一些叶片、花部和果实性状具有较大的发育可塑性,尤其是叶形、花萼裂片不仅发育变化大,而且随发育过程定向变化。环境可塑性较大的性状主要是根、茎、花序分枝等性状,而叶片、花部、果实和种子性状的环境饰变能力都较小。最后,对泡沙参复合体形态性状的变异从发育可塑性和环境可塑性的角度进行了讨论。     

栽培萝卜植株地上部表型多样性分析

萝卜是我国重要的蔬菜作物,为了充分了解和有效利用国家蔬菜种质资源库栽培萝卜种质资源遗传多样性,以中期库经过初步鉴定的635份栽培萝卜种质为材料,对其植株地上部分39个表型性状进行了系统调查和分析。结果表明:(1)在19个质量性状中,下胚轴颜色的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数最高,为1.72,长角果着生姿势最低,为0.47,平均多样性指数为1.11。(2)20个数量性状的变异系数分布范围是13.33%~93.97%,平均变异系数为37.96%,其中小裂片间距的变异系数最大,花萼长度的变异系数最小;这20个数量性状的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数的变化范围为1.20~2.15,多样性指数平均值是1.94;其中花瓣宽和千粒重的多样性指数最高(2.15),其次分别是花瓣开展度(2.14)、子叶长(2.13)、花瓣长(2.13)、花萼长(2.12)和子叶凹槽深(2.11);基生叶叶片宽度的多样性指数最低(1.20)。(3)采用SAS 9.2对参试材料20个数量性状的主成分分析结果表明,7个主成分因子的累计贡献率达72.87%。(4)根据非加权组平均法(UPGMA),将供试材料分为5大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群包含1份种质,该种质为德国引进,角果长度最长为204.70 mm,角果喙长最长为122.90 mm,且长角果颜色为紫色;第Ⅱ类群包含4份种质,角果平均长度、喙长、平均单角果粒数、花瓣平均长度、花瓣平均宽度和花瓣开展度6个数量性状数值在5个类群中最小;第Ⅲ类群包含1份种质,其子叶宽度、子叶叶柄长度、花瓣长度、花瓣宽度、花萼长度、花瓣开展度在5个类群中均最大,且叶脉色和叶柄色均为紫色;第Ⅳ类群包含428份材料,其又可分为两个亚群,第Ⅳ-1亚群包含50份材料,主要是长荚萝卜和油萝卜,第Ⅳ-2亚群包含378份材料,花叶类型占98.94%;第Ⅴ类群包含201份材料,全部为板叶类型材料。研究结果为辨识和利用栽培萝卜种质资源提供了有效信息。     

内蒙古扁蓿豆种质资源花性状的变异分析

采用形态学标记的方法,对来源于内蒙古7个不同生态区的49份扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica L.）野生材料进行了花性状变异分析。对花萼长、花萼直径等12个性状进行系统调查和遗传多样性分析。结果表明：扁蓿豆材料间花性状的变异系数幅度最大的为花序长,其变异系数高达79.12%,变异幅度最小的为花萼直径, 其变异系数为3.82%;主成分分析表明,花性状中前7个主成分反应了总信息量的85.465％, 花序长、花序轴长、花冠长度、花序结荚数、花序种子数、花色和小花柄长等7个性状是造成扁蓿豆花性状变异的主要因素;相关分析表明,花性状间多数呈差异显著或极显著,例如:花序结荚数与花序种子数差异极显著,为0.811,呈显著正相关,而花序轴长和小花柄长差异极显著,呈显著负相关,为-0.340;聚类分析将49份材料分为6类, 花性状变异性相同或地理来源相同与相近的材料大部分聚在一起。说明：扁蓿豆材料间的花性状具有丰富的遗传多样性     

Population genetic structure and trait associations in forest savory using molecular,morphological and phytochemical markers

In this investigation, morphological, phytochemical and ISSR markers were used to estimate the relationships among and within seven populations of white savory (Satureja mutica), belonging to four provinces in Iran. The individuals were phenotypically diverse, which stamen length, corolla length, corolla diameter, calyx length, bract length, inflorescence length, calyx length and bracteole width were characteristics with the highest variation. Leaf dimensions were in significant correlation with flower and inflorescence characteristics. Chemical compounds of essential oils were found variable in various individuals and all samples were principally composed of phenolic constituents (carvacrol and/or thymol). As a consequence, the plants were classified into two major chemotypes including carvacrol and thymol. A total of 197 band positions were produced by 14 ISSR primers, of which 176 were found polymorphic with 88.91% polymorphism. ISSR genetic similarity values among individuals ranged between 0.45 and 0.94 which was indicative of a high level of genetic variation. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) revealed that phytochemical compositions as dependent variable, showed statistically significant correlation and in association with leaf and flower traits as independent variable, indicating a main role of leaf and flower on production of these compounds. Also, several ISSR fragments were found associated with some morphological traits and phytochemical compositions. The high diversity within and among populations of S. mutica according to different data systems could provide useful information for conservation and selection of cross-parents in breeding programs.     

Earlier snow melt and reduced summer precipitation alter floral traits important to pollination

Climate change can cause changes in expression of organismal traits that influence fitness. In flowering plants, floral traits can respond to drought, and that phenotypic plasticity has the potential to affect pollination and plant reproductive success. Global climate change is leading to earlier snow melt in snow-dominated ecosystems as well as affecting precipitation during the growing season, but the effects of snow melt timing on floral morphology and rewards remain unknown. We conducted crossed manipulations of spring snow melt timing (early vs. control) and summer monsoon precipitation (addition, control, and reduction) that mimicked recent natural variation, and examined plastic responses in floral traits of Ipomopsis aggregata over 3 years in the Rocky Mountains. We tested whether increased summer precipitation compensated for earlier snow melt, and if plasticity was associated with changes in soil moisture and/or leaf gas exchange. Lower summer precipitation decreased corolla length, style length, corolla width, sepal width, and nectar production, and increased nectar concentration. Earlier snow melt (taking into account natural and experimental variation) had the same effects on those traits and decreased inflorescence height. The effect of reduced summer precipitation was stronger in earlier snow melt years for corolla length and sepal width. Trait reductions were explained by drier soil during the flowering period, but this effect was only partially explained by how drier soils affected plant water stress, as measured by leaf gas exchange. We predicted the effects of plastic trait changes on pollinator visitation rates, pollination success, and seed production using prior studies on I. aggregata. The largest predicted effect of drier soil on relative fitness components via plasticity was a decrease in male fitness caused by reduced pollinator rewards (nectar production). Early snow melt and reduced precipitation are strong drivers of phenotypic plasticity, and both should be considered when predicting effects of climate change on plant traits in snow-dominated ecosystems.     

EVOLUTION OF FLORAL TRAITS IN A HERMAPHRODITIC PLANT: FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS

Genetic variances, heritabilities, and genetic correlations of floral traits were measured in the monocarpic perennial Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae). A paternal half-sib design was employed to generate seeds in each of four years, and seeds were planted back in the field near the parental site. The progeny were followed for up to eight years to estimate quantitative genetic parameters subject to natural levels of environmental variation over the entire life cycle. Narrow-sense heritabilities of 0.2–0.8 were detected for the morphometric traits of corolla length, corolla width, stigma position, and anther position. The proportion of time spent by the protandrous flowers in the pistillate phase (“proportion pistillate”) also exhibited detectable heritability of near 0.3. In contrast, heritability estimates for nectar reward traits were low and not significantly different from zero, due to high environmental variance between and within flowering years. The estimates of genetic parameters were combined with phenotypic selection gradients to predict evolutionary responses to selection mediated by the hummingbird pollinators. One trait, corolla width, showed the potential for a rapid response to ongoing selection through male function, as it experienced both direct selection, by influencing pollen export, and relatively high heritability. Predicted responses were lower for proportion pistillate and corolla length, even though these traits also experienced direct selection. Stigma position was expected to respond positively to indirect selection of proportion pistillate but negatively to selection of corolla length, with the net effect sensitive to variation in the selection estimates. Anther position also was not directly selected but could respond to indirect selection of genetically correlated traits.     

POLLINATION IN FLORAL SCENT MORPHS OF POLEMONIUM VISCOSUM: A MECHANISM FOR DISRUPTIVE SELECTION ON FLOWER SIZE

Plants of Polemonium viscosum have flowers that are either sweet or skunky in scent. The two morphs are preferentially pollinated by insects of strongly contrasting body size: bumblebee queens specialize on sweet flowers, flies on skunky ones. In this study 13 characters were examined in plant specimens from five populations to identify major components of intraspecific variation in flower and inflorescence morphology and test their correlation with floral scent. Factor analysis identified four major axes of morphological variation. The first explained 22% of the variance among specimens and correlated strongly with four flower size characters: sepal length, corolla tube length, corolla lobe width, and corolla lobe length. Floral scent morphs differed significantly in the multivariate representation of flower size defined by these characters. Sweet flowers had wider corolla lobes, longer corolla tubes, and longer sepals than skunky ones. Corolla lobe width accounted for the greatest amount of intermorph divergence. Divergence in flower size between morphs was maintained in mixed populations at four locations in alpine Colorado, with corollas of sweet flowers significantly broader or more flared than those of skunky flowers. Patterns of pollen receipt suggest that this difference is adaptive. In the sweet morph, pollination intensity and purity increased significantly with corolla flare. Conversely, in the skunky morph, corolla flare had little influence on pollination intensity and had a strong negative effect on purity. These findings suggest that selection for effective pollination should favor intraspecific divergence in flower size in Polemonium viscosum.     

The role of pollinator shifts in the floral diversification of Iochroma (Solanaceae)

Differences in floral traits among plant species have often been attributed to adaptation to pollinators. We explored the importance of pollinator shifts in explaining floral divergence among 15 species of Iochroma. We examined four continuously varying floral traits: corolla length, nectar reward, display size, and flower color. Pollinator associations were characterized with a continuously varying measure of pollinator importance (the product of visitation and pollen deposition) for four groups of pollinators: hummingbirds, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. A phylogenetic generalized least squares approach was used to estimate correlations between pollinator groups and floral traits across a sample of Bayesian trees using different models of trait evolution. Multivariate analyses were also employed to identify suites of traits associated with each pollinator group. We found that nonphylogenetic models typically fit the data better than phylogenetic models (Brownian motion, Ornstein-Uhlenbeck), and thus results varied little across trees. Our results indicated that species with high nectar reward and large displays are significantly more likely to be pollinated by hummingbirds and less likely to be pollinated by all groups of insects. Corolla length and flower color did not show any consistently significant associations with pollinator groups. For these two traits, we discuss alternative evolutionary forces, including phylogenetic inertia and community-level factors.     

MEASURING POLLINATOR-MEDIATED SELECTION ON MORPHOMETRIC FLORAL TRAITS: BUMBLEBEES AND THE ALPINE SKY PILOT,POLEMONIUM VISCOSUM

Sweet-flowered plants of Polemonium viscosum in Colorado are visited by a fly-dominated pollinator fauna at timberline (krummholz), but almost exclusively by bumblebees in higher-elevation tundra habitats. Significant increases in flower size and height are associated with increasing elevation along this habitat gradient. This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to test whether bumblebees exert sufficient selection on morphometric floral phenotypes to account for the clinal shifts seen in natural populations. Two populations of sweet-flowered plants of krummholz origin were established: one randomly pollinated, the other solely bumblebee-pollinated. I tested the effects of two independent axes of floral variation, obtained by principal-components analysis, on mean seed set per flower of plants in each population. PC1, with strong correlations to corolla diameter, corolla length, and stem height, explained a significant amount of variance in seed set for bumblebee-pollinated plants but had no bearing on that of randomly pollinated plants. PC2, with strong correlation to flower number, did not influence seed set in either population. Bumblebee behavior was correlated with variation in PC1 scores of the selected population, yielding positive directional selection on morphometric floral traits associated with PC1. Selection coefficients for PC1, corolla length, corolla diameter, and inflorescence height were estimated, respectively, as 0.11, 0.09, 0.07, and 0.06 (P < 0.025 in all cases). These results support the hypothesis that pollinator-mediated selection can bring about changes in floral form, and can explain shifts in floral morphology of P. viscosum along natural habitat gradients.     

Geographical variation in floral traits of the tree tobacco in relation to its hummingbird pollinator fauna

Nicotiana glauca , a hummingbird pollinated plant, exhibits geographical variation in several floral traits. We examined whether geographical differentiation occurred for different flower characters and if this differentiation could be explained, at least in part, by the existence or abundance of different hummingbird species in the respective pollinator assemblages. The comparison between five populations showed significant variation in six floral traits and two female fitness measures. The traits that better discriminated between populations were corolla length and corolla width. There were metric correlations between corolla length and style length in all populations studied and, in four of the five populations, both corolla length and width were also correlated. Among plants in each population, seed weight was correlated positively and significantly with style exertion, suggesting that fruit quality is dependent on the degree of cross pollination. Assemblages of hummingbirds differed between populations in species composition, visitation frequencies, and bill length. Linear regression involving bill length of the more frequent hummingbird pollinators and corolla length yielded positive and significant relationships. Thus, there appears to be an adjustment between pollinators and flowers traits that have high incidence in the among population variation.  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 90 , 657–667.     

黄瓜雄花性状的遗传分析

为了解黄瓜雄花花器的遗传特性,该研究以雄花器官较小的华南型黄瓜二早子为母本,花器较大的加工型黄瓜NC-76为父本,构建4世代遗传群体,并采用多世代联合分离分析方法,分析黄瓜雄花花器性状的遗传特性。结果表明:分离群体的雄花花梗和花冠长2个性状均表现为单峰分布,表明两性状为数量性状且有主基因控制;花梗长性状符合2对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(E-5)模型,花冠长性状符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因(E-1)模型;控制花梗长性状的两对主基因的加性效应相等,为0.573,多基因的加性效应和显性效应值相差不大,且均为负向;控制花冠长度性状的2对主基因的加性效应均为0,显性效应分别为-0.226和-0.472,在上位性作用中以加性×加性和显性×显性互作为主,多基因以显性效应为主,正向显性效应值为0.613,大于负向的加性效应值。花梗和花冠长度两个性状在F2群体中主基因遗传率分别为61.04%和69.60%,多基因遗传率均为0。由此看出黄瓜雄花花器性状为数量遗传,遗传率相对较高。该研究结果显示在黄瓜杂交育种中对花器大小选择可以在较早世代选择。