甘草叶片渗透调节物质及蔗糖代谢相关酶对干旱胁迫的响应特性

该研究以甘草幼苗为试材,采用盆栽自然干旱方法,设计对照(CK)、轻度(LS)、中度(MS)、重度(SS)干旱胁迫处理,测定分析甘草叶片的渗透调节物质及蔗糖代谢相关酶[蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶合成方向(Ss+)、蔗糖合成酶分解方向(Ss-)、中性转化酶(NI)、酸性转化酶(AI)、淀粉磷酸化酶(SP)]活性的变化,以探讨甘草的渗透调节特性以及糖分调节的酶学机制,揭示甘草对干旱胁迫的响应机理。结果显示:(1)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,甘草叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,束缚水/自由水的比值呈先增加后降低的趋势。(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,甘草叶片蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,但不同胁迫强度出现峰值的时间不同;其中在CK和LS干旱胁迫时蔗糖含量淀粉含量葡萄糖含量果糖含量,在MS和SS干旱胁迫时淀粉含量葡萄糖含量蔗糖含量果糖含量,表明随着干旱程度的增加,甘草叶片中蔗糖转化成了淀粉。(3)随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,甘草叶片的SPS活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,Ss活性和Inv(蔗糖转化酶)活性呈逐渐升高的趋势,SP活性呈逐渐降低的趋势;各胁迫处理的Ss+活性与CK差异不显著,而Ss-活性与CK差异显著,并且Ss-活性在各胁迫处理下远大于Ss+活性,表明甘草叶片Ss-活性在蔗糖代谢过程中占主导作用。(4)相关分析结果显示,在LS中,NI与蔗糖呈负相关关系,Ss-与淀粉呈显著正相关关系、与蔗糖呈负相关关系;在MS中,蔗糖和葡萄糖与SPS、Ss+、Ss-、NI和AI均呈正相关关系,与SP呈负相关关系;在SS中,SP和NI与蔗糖呈正相关关系,而与淀粉呈负相关关系;表明在轻度干旱处理下,Ss参加了蔗糖的分解,继而合成淀粉;在中度和重度干旱条件下,SP主要催化淀粉的分解来增加蔗糖含量以此平衡蔗糖代谢。     

土壤水分胁迫对设施番茄叶片气孔特性的影响

为了研究土壤水分胁迫对设施番茄叶片气孔特性的影响,本研究以"金粉2号"为试材,于2013年5—8月设计4个土壤水分梯度试验[正常灌溉(田间持水量的70%~80%)、轻度胁迫(田间持水量的60%~70%)、中度胁迫(田间持水量的50%~60%)和重度胁迫(田间持水量的30%~40%)],利用数码显微成像系统和数码测距软件测定了叶片气孔参数。结果表明:番茄叶片气孔长度、宽度、气孔开张度和开张比均随水分胁迫程度的增加而减小,且随着胁迫时间的延长,其减小幅度不断增大;番茄气孔长宽的减小具有同步性,但气孔长度下降更为显著;随着水分胁迫程度的增加,气孔逐渐由长卵形转变为近圆形;随着土壤水分胁迫强度的增加,气孔上表皮气孔密度逐渐增大,而气孔下表皮密度呈先减小后增大的趋势。该研究揭示了土壤水分胁迫对设施番茄叶片气孔发展的影响规律,可为设施番茄水分管理提供科学依据。     

干旱胁迫下紫穗槐叶片解剖特征的变化

研究了重度、中度、轻度干旱胁迫条件下2年生紫穗槐幼苗叶片的形态解剖学特征变化.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,叶片厚度、上下表皮的厚度逐渐减小,栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度也减小,而栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值、主脉维管束相对直径、主脉突起度与中脉厚度则增大.气孔面积随干旱程度的增加呈下降趋势,但气孔分布的密度增加.在干旱逆...     

赤皮青冈幼苗叶片解剖结构对干旱胁迫的响应

以浙江庆元、湖南洞口和湖南靖州3个种源的赤皮青冈1年生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽称量法控制土壤水分含量,设置土壤相对含水量分别为75%～80%(对照)、55%～60%(轻度干旱胁迫)、45%～50%(中度干旱胁迫)和30%～35%(重度干旱胁迫),研究不同程度干旱胁迫对赤皮青冈幼苗叶片解剖结构和蒸腾作用的影响.结果表明: 干旱胁迫下,3个种源赤皮青冈幼苗叶片的总厚度、上下表皮厚度和栅栏组织厚度均显著降低.栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度比(栅海比)、气孔长度和宽度随干旱程度的增强而显著减小,而气孔密度随干旱胁迫程度的增强而显著增加.干旱处理对叶片主脉厚度无显著影响,木质部厚度的变化因种源而异.叶片结构的变化引起生理功能改变,随着胁迫程度的加强,赤皮青冈幼苗的蒸腾速率显著降低.对照和各干旱处理湖南洞口种源幼苗叶片的下表皮厚度、栅海比、气孔密度显著大于其他2个种源,蒸腾速率显著小于其他2个种源,表明湖南洞口赤皮青冈对干旱胁迫的适应性较强.     

干旱胁迫对降香黄檀幼苗光合生理特性的影响

采用温室盆栽方法,设置对照(CK)、轻度(LS)、中度(MS)和重度(HS)干旱胁迫4个水分条件,研究不同水分条件对降香黄檀幼苗光合和生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫程度增加,降香黄檀幼苗叶片叶绿素总含量总体呈现出下降趋势。(2)降香黄檀幼苗叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率随着干旱胁迫强度增加均呈现出先增加后降低趋势,且MS和HS处理下的气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度同时降低,此时幼苗光合能力的下降主要受气孔因素限制。(3)随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,降香黄檀幼苗叶片细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量和POD活性均呈现出增加趋势,而同期SOD和CAT活性呈现出先升高后降低趋势。可见,降香黄檀幼苗在轻度干旱胁迫下可通过增加叶片保护酶活性来清除活性氧对其组织造成的伤害,但胁迫超过一定程度后保护酶活性下降,表明降香黄檀幼苗的耐旱能力有限。     

2个种源栓皮栎对干旱及复水的光合生理响应

为了探究干旱复水对2个种源栓皮栎幼苗光合生理特性的影响,测定了不同水分处理(正常供水、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱)及复水处理下盆栽栓皮栎幼苗生长、叶片气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,幼苗生长受到的抑制程度增加;气体交换参数净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)均呈下降的趋势,而气孔限制值(Ls)呈上升趋势,在重度干旱胁迫下气体交换参数变化幅度最大;叶片非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈现先上升后下降的趋势,PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递速率(ETR)和实际光量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)均呈下降趋势。主要叶绿素荧光参数对干旱胁迫的响应与气体交换参数一致,即重度胁迫对光合电子传递造成了最严重的损伤。干旱后复水,导致栓皮栎光合生理参数不同程度的恢复。就种源地而言,老君山种源的幼苗在干旱胁迫下主要参数的变化程度大于北坡山种源的幼苗,且在复水后老君山种源幼苗恢复程度低于北坡山种源,表明北坡山种源的栓皮栎抗旱力和恢复力均强于老君山种源。     

淹水胁迫对美国流苏幼苗生理特性和叶片结构的影响

以美国流苏2年生实生苗为材料,测定不同程度淹水处理(对照、轻度淹水、渍害、涝害)及其不同胁迫时间下幼苗生理指标和叶片结构特征,分析淹水胁迫对美国流苏幼苗生理生化和叶片结构的影响,探讨其耐涝性及其生理机制,为引种和栽培应用提供理论依据。结果表明：(1)美国流苏叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性在轻度淹水和涝害处理下呈“下降-上升-下降”趋势,在渍害处理下呈先降后升趋势;在各淹水处理下,叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先升后降趋势,相对电导率呈上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)不同程度积累。在轻度淹水处理下,叶片可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量呈先升后降趋势;在渍害和涝害处理下,叶片SS含量呈上升趋势,SP含量呈先降后升趋势。(2)随着淹水胁迫程度的加深,叶片厚度总体呈上升趋势,上、下表皮厚度总体呈下降趋势,栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、组织结构紧密度(CTR)和栅海比(P/S)总体呈先降后升趋势,组织结构疏松度(SR)总体呈先升后降趋势。(3)淹水胁迫使叶绿体形态膨胀变圆,多数不贴细胞壁,边缘降解,嗜锇颗粒和淀粉粒膨胀增多,基粒片层空泡化;随着淹水胁迫加剧,细胞核与叶绿体降解,淀粉粒大量聚...     

五唇兰对PEG模拟的干旱胁迫响应研究

为了解干旱对五唇兰(Phalaenopsis pulcherrima)生长的影响,以聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液模拟干旱胁迫,对其叶片的光合色素、渗透调节物质和非结构碳水化合物(NSC)含量变化进行研究。结果表明,随着PEG浓度增加,五唇兰植株含水量和鲜质量逐渐下降,以PEG为13.75%～14.84%时最显著。PEG处理显著降低叶片的叶绿素a和b含量。随着植株含水量的降低,叶片可溶性蛋白、淀粉(St)含量均呈下降趋势,可溶性糖(SS)含量、NSC和SS/St均呈先升后降的趋势。因此,干旱胁迫会影响五唇兰植株的含水量和光合产物的积累;在较低程度干旱胁迫下,可溶性糖在抗旱响应中发挥主要作用;随着干旱胁迫程度加深,五唇兰的生理代谢受到严重影响。     

NaCl与干旱胁迫对银沙槐幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

以银沙槐幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验研究不同程度NaCl与干旱胁迫对其叶片渗透调节物质含量的影响,以探讨银沙槐幼苗对NaCl与干旱胁迫的适应性.结果显示,随着单一干旱、盐分及其交叉胁迫程度的增加,幼苗的MDA含量呈上升趋势;幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量基本上随NaCl与干旱胁迫程度的加剧呈逐渐上升趋势,在各胁迫水平下均显著高于对照(P<0.05),且在各种重度胁迫处理下均维持在较高水平;幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量在重度干旱与不同盐分交叉胁迫下呈下降趋势.研究表明,银沙槐幼苗中渗透调节物质在其抗旱耐盐性上起到了积极的调节作用;幼苗在盐旱交叉胁迫下表现出交叉适应性.     

不同种源赤皮青冈幼苗生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应

以浙江庆元、湖南洞口和湖南靖县3个地理种源的赤皮青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gilva)1年生幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽称重法控制土壤水分含量,研究了不同程度干旱胁迫对赤皮青冈幼苗生长、生物量分配、叶片自由水和束缚水含量、根系活力和叶片内源激素含量的影响,旨在揭示赤皮青冈幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应机制。结果表明:随着干旱程度的增强,3个种源赤皮青冈幼苗的株高生长量和地径生长量呈下降的趋势;幼苗地上部分和根部生物量增量呈下降的趋势;叶片自由水/束缚水比值降低,束缚水含量升高,而自由水含量的变化趋势不一致;干旱胁迫提高了湖南洞口和湖南靖县种源赤皮青冈的根系活力,但浙江庆元赤皮青冈的根系活力随着胁迫的增强而降低;随着干旱的加剧,3个种源赤皮青冈叶片赤霉素、油菜素内酯、吲哚乙酸和玉米素含量呈降低的趋势,而脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯含量为升高的趋势。隶属函数值法综合评价结果显示,3个地理种源赤皮青冈抗旱能力由强到弱的顺序依次为:湖南洞口种源湖南靖县种源浙江庆元种源。本研究表明,赤皮青冈通过减小生长量、增大根部生物量积累来适应干旱的环境,而较高的束缚水含量、生长素(吲哚乙酸)、细胞分裂素(玉米素和油菜素内酯)和赤霉素含量降低,脱落酸和茉莉酸甲酯含量升高是其抗旱的生理基础。     

水分胁迫下烯效唑对百日草幼苗光合特性及叶解剖结构的影响

以百日草‘芳菲1号’为试材,研究不同水分胁迫下烯效唑(S3307)对其幼苗生长、光合特性及叶解剖结构的影响,以明确S3307对百日草的抗旱作用及其机理。结果显示:(1)在水分胁迫下,百日草的生长均受到不同程度的抑制,叶绿素含量显著降低,光合作用受到抑制,叶解剖结构有所变化。(2)S3307处理后,均能够显著降低所对应的不同程度水分胁迫下百日草的株高,显著增加茎粗、叶面积、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和根冠比,显著增加叶绿素含量,提高百日草的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)。研究表明,S3307能够提高百日草的抗旱性,而且在轻度和中度水分胁迫下Pn的下降主要是由气孔因素引起,而在重度水分胁迫下光合速率的下降是由非气孔因素引起的。     

Genotypic variation in drought stress response and subsequent recovery of wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

Three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, Sadovo, Katya and Prelom, with different tolerance to drought were comparatively evaluated in terms of leaf respiratory responses to progressing dehydration and consecutive rewatering. Under drought stress, the respiration of all varieties gradually decreased, as the drought-tolerant Katya showed the most pronounced decline at earlier stages of dehydration. When water stress intensified, this genotype gave relatively stable respiration rates compared with the drought-sensitive varieties. Additionally, dehydrated Katya leaves displayed lower stomatal conductance and higher photosynthesis values, which resulted in greater water use efficiency during the dehydration period. Combination of drought stress and short-term changes in leaf temperature also induced genotype-specific response that differed from the response to drought only. Over the whole temperature range, the leaves of Katya exposed to dehydration for 14 days, showed higher respiration rates compared to the drought-sensitive varieties. The sensitive varieties maintained higher respiration rates under control conditions and mild dehydration, and very low rates under severe drought. In Katya, respiration and photosynthesis were fully restored from the stress within the first day of rewatering. The drought-sensitive genotypes displayed a considerably slower recovering capacity. The results are discussed in terms of possible physiological mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to drought.     

干旱胁迫对大豆苗期生长发育和生理生态特征的影响

对土壤逐步干旱下大豆幼苗形态特征和生理生态特征的变化研究表明:随着胁迫强度的增加,大豆苗期的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度降低,且相互之间呈显著正相关;随着胁迫时间的延长,叶绿素含量和叶片含水量呈低-高-低的变化趋势;在胁迫初期,对干物质分配率的影响很小,随着胁迫时间的增加,差异越来越大;随着干旱胁迫天数和强度的增加,游离脯氨酸含量呈逐渐递增的趋势,尤其是重度胁迫下积累能力更强。     

五种高速公路边坡绿化植物的生理特性及抗旱性综合评价

采用盆栽控制土壤水分,测定不同程度水分胁迫梯度下5种高速公路边坡绿化植物的叶水势、光合作用参数及叶绿素荧光参数,并以水分胁迫下各生理指标的平均变化速率为原始数据进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明:(1)随着水分胁迫的加强,5种植物的ΨL、Pn、Tr、GS、Fv、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo均逐渐下降,Fo逐渐升高,WUE先升后降,Ci先降后升,不同生理指标的变化幅度及拐点有一定差异;平均变化速率相对较小的是八宝景天和马蔺,较大的是肥皂草和太行菊;(2)根据水分胁迫下Gs和Ci变化方向的差异判断八宝景天、马蔺以W2作为Pn降低由气孔限制转为非气孔因素的分界线,五叶地锦、肥皂草和太行菊以W1为分界线,八宝景天、马蔺在W2时WUE最高,五叶地锦、肥皂草和太行菊在W1时最高;(3)5种植物抗旱性大小排序为:八宝景天>马蔺>五叶地锦>太行菊>肥皂草,聚类分析结果为:八宝景天、马蔺为强抗旱植物,五叶地锦为中抗旱植物,太行菊、肥皂草为弱抗旱植物。     

Stomatal factors and vulnerability of stem xylem to cavitation in poplars

The relationships between the vulnerability of stem xylem to cavitation, stomatal conductance, stomatal density, and leaf and stem water potential were examined in six hybrid poplar (P38P38, Walker, Okanese, Northwest, Assiniboine and Berlin) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) clones. Stem xylem cavitation resistance was examined with the Cavitron technique in well-watered plants grown in the greenhouse. To investigate stomatal responses to drought, plants were subjected to drought stress by withholding watering for 5 (mild drought) and 7 (severe drought) days and to stress recovery by rewatering severely stressed plants for 30 min and 2 days. The clones varied in stomatal sensitivity to drought and vulnerability to stem xylem cavitation. P38P38 reduced stomatal conductance in response to mild stress while the balsam poplar clone maintained high leaf stomatal conductance under more severe drought stress conditions. Differences between the severely stressed clones were also observed in leaf water potentials with no or relatively small decreases in Assiniboine, P38P38, Okanese and Walker. Vulnerability to drought-induced stem xylem embolism revealed that balsam poplar and Northwest clones reached loss of conductivity at lower stem water potentials compared with the remaining clones. There was a strong link between stem xylem resistance to cavitation and stomatal responsiveness to drought stress in balsam poplar and P38P38. However, the differences in stomatal responsiveness to mild drought suggest that other drought-resistant strategies may also play a key role in some clones of poplars exposed to drought stress.     

Photosynthesis in Encelia farinosa Gray in Response to Decreasing Leaf Water Potential

Photosynthetic responses of intact leaves of the desert shrub Encelia farinosa were measured during a long term drought cycle in order to understand the responses of stomatal and nonstomatal components to water stress. Photosynthetic rate at high irradiance and leaf conductance to water vapor both decreased linearly with declining leaf water potential. The intercellular CO₂ concentration (c_i) remained fairly constant as a function of leaf water potential in plants subjected to a slow drought cycle of 25 days, but decreased in plants exposed to a 12-day drought cycle. With increasing water stress, the slope of the dependence of photosynthesis on c_i (carboxylation efficiency) decreased, the maximum photosynthetic rates at high c_i became saturated at lower values, and water use efficiency increased. Both the carboxylation efficiency and photosynthetic rates were positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content. Associated with lower leaf conductances, the calculated stomatal limitation to photosynthesis increased with water stress. However, because of simultaneous changes in the dependence of photosynthesis on c_i with water stress, increased leaf conductance alone in water-stressed leaves would not result in an increase in photosynthetic rates to prestressed levels. Both active osmotic adjustment and changes in specific leaf mass occurred during the drought cycle. In response to increased water stress, leaf specific mass increased. However, the increases in specific leaf mass were associated with the production of a reflective pubescence and there were no changes in specific mass of the photosynthetic tissues. The significance of these responses for carbon gain and water loss under arid conditions are discussed.     

Effects of water stress and differential hardening treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of a xeromorphic shrub,Eucalyptus socialis,F. Muell.

Summary The influence of water stress on photosynthesis of drought hardened, and non-hardened,Eucalyptus socialis plants was examined. Particular attention was given to the effects of low leaf water potential on stomatal and intracellular resistance to CO₂ transport and on the CO₂ compensation point. Though the hardening treatment had a pronounced influence on leaf morphology, there was no apparent difference in the photosynthetic response to drought stress between hardened and non-hardened treatments, or with repeated drought cycles. These results suggest a high degree of genetic preconditioning to drought in this species.     

Physiological and anatomical changes induced by drought in two olive cultivars (cv Zalmati and Chemlali)

Photosynthetic gas exchange, vegetative growth, water relations and fluorescence parameters as well as leaf anatomical characteristics were investigated on young plants of two Olea europaea L. cultivars (Chemlali and Zalmati), submitted to contrasting water availability regimes. Two-year-old olive trees, grown in pots in greenhouse, were not watered for 2 months. Relative growth rate (RGR), leaf water potential (Ψ_LW) and the leaf relative water content (LWC) of the two cultivars decreased with increasing water stress. Zalmati showed higher values of RGR and LWC and lower decreased values of Ψ_LW than Chemlali, in response to water deficit, particularly during severe drought stress. Water stress also caused a marked decline on photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F _v/F _m) and the intrinsic efficiency of open PSII reaction centres (F′ _v/F′ _m) decreased as drought stress developed. In addition, drought conditions, reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids contents especially at severe water stress. However, Zalmati plants were the less affected when compared with Chemlali. In both cultivars, stomatal control was the major factor affecting photosynthesis under moderate drought stress. At severe drought-stress levels, the non-stomatal component of photosynthesis is inhibited and inactivation of the photosystem II occurs. Leaf anatomical parameters show that drought stress resulted in an increase of the upper epidermis and palisade mesophyll thickness as well as an increase of the stomata and trichomes density. These changes were more characteristic in cv. ‘Zalmati’. Zalmati leaves also revealed lower specific leaf area and had higher density of foliar tissue. From the behaviour of Zalmati plants, with a smaller reduction in relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and with a thicker palisade parenchyma, and a higher stomatal and trichome density, we consider this cultivar more drought-tolerant than cv. Chemlali and therefore, very promising for cultivation in arid areas.     

Factors influencing carbon fixation and water use by mediterranean sclerophyll shrubs during summer drought

Summary Mediterranean sclerophyll shrubs respond to seasonal drought by adjusting the amount of leaf area exposed and by reducing gas exchange via stomatal closure mechanisms. The degree to which each of these modifications can influence plant carbon and water balances under typical mediterranean-type climate conditions is examined. Leaf area changes are assessed in the context of a canopy structure and light microclimate model. Shifts in physiological response are examined with a mechanistically-based model of C₃ leaf gas exchange that simulates progressive reduction of maximum photosynthesis and transpiration rates and increasingly strong midday stomatal closure over the course of drought. The results demonstrate that midday stomatal closure may effectively contribute to drought avoidance, increase water use efficiency, and strongly alter physiological efficiency in the conversion of intercepted light energy to photoproducts. Physiological adjustments lead to larger reductions in water use than occur when comparing leaf area index 3.5 to 1.5, extremes found for natural stands of sclerophyll shrubs in the California chaparral. Reductions in leaf area have the strongest effect on resource capture and use during non-water-stressed periods and the least effect under extreme drought conditions, while shifts in physiological response lead to large savings of water and efficient water use under extreme stress. An important model parameter termed GFAC (proportionality factor expressing the relation of conductance [g] to net photosynthesis rate) is utilized, which changes in response to the integrated water stress experimence of shrubs and alters the degree to which stomata may open for a given rate of carbon fixation. We attempt to interpret this parameter in terms of physiological mechanisms known to modify control of leaf gas exchange during drought. The analysis helps visualize means by which canopy gas exchange behavior may be coupled to physiological changes occurring in the root environment during soil drying.     

Recovery responses of photosynthesis,transpiration, and stomatal conductance in kidney bean following drought stress

Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were examined in kidney bean plants, with developing gradually water stress for several days after watering and then permitted to recover by re-watering. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance decreased rapidly by withholding water for 2 days. The F_v/F_m of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics slightly decreased when the water was withheld for 7 days. After re-watering the rate of recovery of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance decreased gradually as the days without watering became longer. The differences existed in rates of recovery of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance following drought stress. Among the fractional recoveries the highest was photosynthesis, and the lowest was stomatal conductance. Photosynthesis rate following drought stress was rapidly recovered until 2 days after re-watering, then recovered slowly. The critical time for the recovery of photosynthesis was recognized. The results show clearly a close correlation between the leaf water potential and the recovery level and speed of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance.