Silver Discharged in Effluents from Image-Processing Services: a Risk to Human and Environmental Health

In Brazil, only 20.2% of the municipalities have sewage collection and treatment. The use of medical diagnostic by radiographic processing generates effluents which may contain contaminants such as silver (Ag) that causes irreversible damage to health. They can also contaminate soil, water, and food if there is no treatment before disposal. This study aimed to identify and quantify the Ag concentration in radiographic film-washing water and fixer generated from radiographic processing in 12 Brazilian health institutions, in order to offer subsidies to the environmental and public health managers about this issue. The Ag values found in the washing water films samples ranged from 0.1 to 1,785.97?mg?L(-1). In the fixer samples, the values ranged from 435.59 to 16,325.92?mg?L(-1). These data are far above the values required by Brazilian legislation whose limit is 0.1?mg?L(-1) for Ag in effluents released directly or indirectly into the environment. This research reveals that the disposal of Ag in this kind of effluent needs to be monitored and controlled by the Brazilian government in order to protect both the human and environment health from those contaminants.     

黑龙江省卫生行政部门人力资源现状与管理对策

目的:通过对黑龙江省五个市、九个区、十个县的卫生行政部门人力资源现状调查了解其年龄构成、性别构成、专业构成、学历构成、行政级别构成以及参加培训的状况,明确存在的问题及今后工作的重点,为政府职能部门制订相关的政策与规划提供科学的佐证。方法运用计算机检索获得相关文献;采用随机整群抽样方法对黑龙江省卫生行政部门人力资源现况进行调查;对个人进行问卷调查;回收资料并用EpiData录入及整理数据,利用SPSs、Excel软件对数据进行处理分析。结果黑龙江省卫生行政部门人力资源年龄结构偏于成熟,非卫生专业人员过多,学历层次低,缺少行政人员晋级制度,人员稳定。卫生行政人员培训经费少,次数少,系统培训率较低。结论普及卫生管理岗位培训以提高卫生管理队伍整体水平;政府应尽快建立健全卫生管理专业的技术职务系列,稳定卫生管理者从事管理工作的思想,稳固卫生管理队伍,鼓励他们钻研管理科学．     

县级中医医院中医药服务现状分析及政策建议

县级中医院是农村三级中医药医疗服务网络的龙头单位,对农村中医药服务推广与应用起着重要的作用。通过对北京、甘肃、陕西、吉林、安徽等省市农民进行抽样调查分析农民对县级中医药服务的满意度及利用情况研究的基础上,结果文献研究及国家统计数据,分析了现阶段县中医院中医药服务开展和推广应用的现状及存在的问题,并从加强县级中医院中医药服务能力建设、县级中医药人才培养、强化中医药服务特色和大力推广中医药适宜技术等4个方面提出政策建议,以进一步促进中医药在农村的推广应用,保障在具有中国特色的农村医疗保障体系建设中积极发挥县级中医院的领导和示范作用。