刺芹侧耳生长条件和栽培特性的研究

对刺芹侧耳[Pleurotus eryngii(DC.ex Fr.)Quel]生长条件与栽培特性进行了分析.结果表明:刺芹侧耳菌丝生长的适宜pH值为pH 5～pH 7,最适pH值为pH 6;黑暗环境有利于菌丝生长,光照对菌丝生长具有抑制作用;菌丝生长适宜的碳源为可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖和蔗糖,适宜的氮源为蛋白胨和钼酸铵,葡萄糖和蛋白胨的适宜浓度分别为50和1 g·L-1;在马铃薯黄豆粉培养基、黄豆粉玉米粉培养基和马铃薯蛋白胨培养基中可较好地形成菌丝球.采用液体菌种栽培,菌丝的生长速度比使用玉米固体菌种快,其中用马铃薯黄豆粉液体菌种栽培,菌丝生长最快;使用马铃薯蛋白胨液体菌种在木屑棉籽壳混合培养料中栽培,可获得菌柄长菌盖大的子实体,而且产量高.     

不同营养基质与条件对灰树花生长的影响

探讨了不同营养基质与条件对灰树花[Grifola frondosa(Fr.)S.F.Gray]生长的影响。试验结果表明：菌丝生长的最适pH为5-6;最适氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏和谷氨酰胺,葡萄糖和蛋白胨最适浓度分别为100和1g/L;菌丝在黑暗环境下生长良好;使用马铃薯蛋白胨培养基进行振荡培养,菌丝球生长较好;母种采用马铃薯麦麸培养基,栽培种选用棉子壳麦麸石培养料,可缩短制种周期,获得质量较高的菌种;菌丝含有较多的钙、铁和锌等元素。     

樟芝对氮素营养源利用的研究

采用 5种不同的氮素营养源 ,配制合成液体培养基 ,测定各种氮源对樟芝菌丝液体深层培养的影响。结果表明 ,樟芝对 5种氮源的利用表现明显的差异性 ,对有机氮利用较好 ,尤其是酵母膏 ,无论是菌球数量还是菌体收率均高于蛋白胨。酵母膏的菌球数量达 1 2 5 8个 /dL,比蛋白胨多出 63 8个 ;菌体干重为 7 2 1 6g/dL比蛋白胨高出 1 45 0g/dL。樟芝对无机氮的利用不如有机氮 ,其中对硫酸铵能够利用 ,而对硝酸铵的利用较差 ,对碳酸铵基本不能利用。樟芝菌丝在液体深层培养过程中 ,pH值变化幅度不大 ,基本处于平缓状态。有机氮处理的发酵液起始pH值与终止pH值呈上升趋势 ,而无机氮处理的发酵液pH值呈下降趋势 ,但下降的幅度不大 ,尤其是碳酸铵 ,pH值一直处于偏碱性状态 ,不适合樟芝菌丝的生长。樟芝在马铃薯基础培养基中 ,不同氮源的各个处理 ,菌球生长都比较均匀 ,表面光滑 ,没有分枝 ,圆形或肾形 ,且发酵液有浓郁的果香味。     

菌核侧耳液体培养条件优化研究

运用液体深层培养法,采用不同pH值、不同碳源和氮源对菌核侧耳菌丝体生长的影响进行了探讨。结果表明:菌核侧耳菌丝体生长的培养基适宜pH值为5.0～6.5,葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖和纤维素是菌核侧耳菌丝体生长的适用碳源;黄豆、麦麸、酵母膏和蛋白胨等为适宜氮源;其中以黄豆浆作为氮源,蔗糖作为碳源,初始pH5.0为最佳条件组合。     

Pseudogymnoascus roseus的生物学特性及液体发酵培养基的筛选

分离自冬虫夏草子座的子囊菌, 产生大量具网状包被的子囊果。其代表菌株Pseu-F经形态学及分子鉴定, 确定为Pseudogymnoascus roseus。该菌株的适宜生长温度为17.5 °C?20.0 °C; 用正交试验法对该菌株进行了液体发酵培养基筛选试验, 试验因素包括马铃薯、黄豆、蔗糖+葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母膏、矿物盐、维生素等, 筛选出的优化液体发酵培养基为(g/L): 蔗糖20+葡萄糖10, 蛋白胨10, 酵母膏5, 黄豆50, 马铃薯100。     

高羊肚菌菌丝球液体培养的研究

本文探讨了高羊肚菌菌丝球在不同液体培养基中的生长情况。结果表明,在黄豆芽玉米玢培养基中菌丝球最多,大小均匀,菌丝生长量最大,在麦麦夫蛋白胨培养基上菌丝的糖含量最高。     

红酵母NZ-01发酵条件的优化

以红酵母菌株NZ-01为试验菌株,研究其发酵工艺与中试生产。采用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,研究培养基组分与发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响,并进行中试放大生产。结果显示,该菌最适生长培养基组分为葡萄糖10g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏10g/L,牛肉膏2.5g/L;色素合成最适培养基组分为葡萄糖15g/L,蔗糖10g/L,酵母膏2.5g/L,牛肉膏5g/L。最适生长起始pH值为6.0,最适接种量为8%,生长周期为44h;最适色素合成起始pH值为7.0,最适色素合成接种量为8%,色素合成周期为48h。发酵优化后的色素产量3.88μg/mL较优化前1.71μg/mL提高了127%。中试产量达3.05μg/mL。红酵母菌NZ-01优化后的发酵条件可以应用于中试生产虾青素,有规模化生产应用潜力。     

虎乳灵芝液体发酵培养研究

目的:建立虎乳灵芝菌丝液体发酵培养方法。方法:采用改变培养基的pH和选择不同的碳源及氮源,通过比较虎乳灵芝菌丝的低温冷冻干燥重量,分别研究菌丝生长的最适培养基。结果:虎乳灵芝菌丝最适生长的液体培养基pH 6~7(中性微偏弱酸);菌丝生长的最好的液体培养基中的碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母粉。结论:葡萄糖 酵母粉液体培养基可以作为虎乳灵芝菌丝大量发酵培养的培养基。     

哈茨木霉的培养及其对烟草疫霉生长的抑制研究*

哈茨木霉是一类重要的植病生防因子。哈茨木霉TH-1分别在PDA培养基、麦芽糖培养基、查氏培养基和琼脂培养基上培养均能产孢,其中PDA培养基为最适培养基。PDA培养基上,菌丝生长适宜温度27.5℃~35℃,最适温度32.5℃,产孢最适温度27.5℃。菌丝生长适宜pH值为3~7,产孢适宜pH值为5~9,生长与产孢最适pH值为5。光照对菌丝生长影响不大但明显影响菌株的产孢数量,光照时间越长产孢量越大。对峙培养试验表明TH-1明显抑制疫霉菌的生长速率,其无菌滤液明显抑制烟草疫霉菌游动孢子的萌发,并抑制游动孢子芽管     

芳香杯伞生物学特性及驯化栽培

以采自于河北省平泉市的一株野生食用菌Clitocybe fragrans的菌丝体为材料,对其营养及环境特性进行研究。检测了不同碳源、氮源、C/N、无机盐在固体培养条件下对芳香杯伞菌丝生长的影响,单因素及正交试验结果表明,实验范围内,芳香杯伞最适碳源为蔗糖、最适氮源为酵母浸粉、最适C/N为40:1、最适无机盐为硫酸镁。正交试验筛选适宜培养基配方为：蔗糖17.3 g,酵母浸粉1.8 g,磷酸二氢钾3 g,无水硫酸镁1.5 g,琼脂20 g,水1 L。对菌丝生长所需的温度、pH及光照条件进行研究,结果显示,适宜菌丝生长的温度范围为19–25℃,pH值范围为5–5.5,光照条件为黑暗。对获得的菌种进行了驯化栽培研究,结果表明,适宜的母种扩繁培养基为：粪草培养料100 g (煮汁),马铃薯200 g (煮汁),葡萄糖20 g,磷酸二氢钾3 g,蛋白胨3 g,无水硫酸镁1.5 g,琼脂20 g,水1 L;原种培养基为：高粱粒98%,葡萄糖1%,石膏1%;栽培培养基质为：粪草培养料98%,石膏1%,葡萄糖1%,含水量55%。栽培袋接菌后35–40 d满袋,8–10 d后现原基,7–8 d原基分化成子...     

羊肚菌液态发酵的研究*

通过摇瓶正交试验研究了圆锥羊肚菌液体发酵的条件,选出最佳培养基配方、接种量、培养温度、pH、通气量,培养时间等参数。在此基础上,应用VIRTIS公司生产的2L－自控发酵罐进行了分批发酵,摸索到了羊肚菌液态深层发酵的基本规律,然后分别以淀粉和玉米粉为碳源进行了补料分批发酵,获得其干细胞产量为25．4g／L和27．4g／L,生长速率为0．45g／（L·h）和0．51g／（L·h）,以碳源为基准的产量得率系数（yx／s）为0.72（g／g）和0.75（g／g）等数据。实验结果表明,羊肚菌的液态深层发酵已达到了真菌菌丝液态发酵的正常水平。     

Inducible trehalase enzyme activity of Morchella conica Persoon mycelium

Morchella conica Pers. strains of the study were isolated from fruit bodies collected in ash-mixed forests. At first, the strains were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), then on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid agar media. A normal-growing strain was chosen for the trehalase induction experiments. During the trehalase induction treatment, mycelia were grown in liquid culture containing different concentrations of trehalose. After the induction period of trehalase enzymes, physiological state of the mycelium and the oxidative stress were monitored in the vegetative mycelia by measuring the change of the malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, the fresh and dry weight. The examined Morchella conica strain utilized the trehalose properly. The rising amount of the trehalose triggered the increase of the mycelial trehalase enzyme activity. Our results clearly proved that both neutral and acidic trehalase isoenzyme activity of the Morchella conica mycelium are inducible and are playing important role in the utilization of external trehalose.     

三种不同羊肚菌菌丝体的生长，蛋白质合成和酯酶同功酶的组成

黑脉羊肚菌(Morchella angustieeps),尖顶羊肚菌(M．Conwa)和羊肚菌(M．Esculenta)三种不同的羊肚菌在相同的培养液及培养条件下,菌丝体产量、总蛋白及可溶性蛋白质的含量无显著的差异;同一个种在含不同浓度麦芽糖、蛋白胨和维生素Bl的培养基上生长时,总蛋白和可溶性蛋白质的含量无显著的差异,但菌丝体的产量的差异较大,可溶性蛋白质的种类和数量,以及酯酶同功酶的组成也有一定的差异。     

Optimization of a liquid medium for beauvericin production in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium redolens</Emphasis> Dzf2 mycelial culture

Beauvericin (BEA) is a proven and potent antibiotic compound useful for bio-control and a potential antifungal and anticancer agent for human. This study was to evaluate and optimize the nutrient medium for BEA production in mycelial liquid culture of a high BEA-producing fungus Fusarium redolens Dzf2 isolated from a medicinal plant. Among various organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen sources, glucose and peptone were found the most favorable for the F. redolens Dzf2 mycelial growth and BEA production. Through a Plackett-Burman screening test on a basal medium, glucose, peptone, and medium pH were identified as the significant factors for mycelial growth and BEA production. These factors were optimized through central composite design of experiments and response surface methodology, as 49.0 g/L glucose, 13.0 g/L peptone and pH 6.6, yielding 198 mg/L BEA (versus 156 mg/L in the basal medium). The BEA yield was further increased to 234 mg/L by feeding 10 g/L glucose to the culture during exponential phase. The results show that F. redolens Dzf2 mycelial fermentation is a feasible and promising process for production of BEA.     

Nutritional requirements of mycelial growth of Cordyceps sinensis in submerged culture

AIMS: The nutritional requirements for mycelial growth of Cordyceps sinensis in semi-synthetic liquid media were investigated. The results provide a basis for further physiological study and industrial fermentation of the fungus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nutritional requirements, including 17 carbohydrates, 16 nitrogen compounds, nine vitamins, four macro-elements, four trace-elements and eight ratios of carbon to nitrogen, were studied for their effects on the mycelial growth in submerged cultures of C. sinensis by using one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal matrix methods. Among these variables, sucrose, peptone, folic acid, calcium, zinc and a carbon to nitrogen ratio 12 : 1 were identified as the requirements for the optimum mycelial growth. The concentrations of sucrose, peptone and yeast extract were optimized and the effects of medium composition on mycelial growth were found to be in the order sucrose > yeast extract > peptone. The optimal concentration for mycelial growth was determined as 50 g l(-1) sucrose, 10 g l(-1) peptone and 3 g l(-1) yeast extract. CONCLUSIONS: Under optimal culture conditions, over 22 g l(-1) of mycelial biomass could be obtained after 40 days in submerged cultures. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Cordyceps sinensis, one of the most valued medicinal fungi, is shown to grow in axenic culture. This is the first report on nutritional requirements and design of a simplified semi-synthetic medium for mycelial growth of this psychrophilic species, which grows slowly below 20 degrees C. The results of this study will facilitate research on mass production of the fungus under defined culture conditions.     

桑木层孔菌液体培养条件的研究

对桑木层孔菌(Phellinus mori)液体发酵条件进行了研究,以生物量和胞外多糖为指标,通过L16(45)和L9(34)正交表进行了两次正交试验,筛选出桑木层孔菌最适液体培养条件为:麦芽糖30 g/L,酵母浸粉和蛋白胨15 g/L(质量比2 1),KH2PO4和CaCl25.5 g/L(质量比1 1),初始pH6.0;通过单因素试验筛选出最适装液量为120 mL/250 mL,最适接种量为10%。在此条件下液体发酵培养7 d后,桑木层孔菌生物量达到23.375 g/L,胞外多糖产量达到3.993 g/L。     

Exopolysaccharide production and mycelial growth in an air-lift bioreactor using Fomitopsis pinicola

For effective exopolysaccharide production and mycelial growth by a liquid culture of Fomitopsis pinicola in an air-lift bioreactor, the culture temperature, pH, carbon source, nitrogen source, and mineral source were initially investigated in a flask. The optimal temperature and pH for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were 25degrees C and 6.0, respectively. Among the various carbon sources tested, glucose was found to be the most suitable carbon source. In particular, the maximum mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were achieved in 4% glucose. The best nitrogen sources were yeast extract and malt extract. The optimal concentrations of yeast extract and malt extract were 0.5 and 0.1%, respectively. K2HPO4 and MgSO4 x 7H2O were found to be the best mineral sources for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production. In order to investigate the effect of aeration on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production in an air-lift bioreactor, various aerations were tested for 8 days. The maximum mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production were 7.9 g/l and 2.6 g/l, respectively, at 1.5 vvm of aeration. In addition, a batch culture in an air-lift bioreactor was carried out for 11 days under the optimal conditions. The maximum mycelial growth was 10.4 g/l, which was approximately 1.7-fold higher than that of basal medium. The exopolysaccharide production was increased with increased culture time. The maximum concentration of exopolysaccharide was 4.4 g/l, which was about 3.3-fold higher than that of basal medium. These results indicate that exopolysaccharide production increased in parallel with the growth of mycelium, and also show that product formation is associated with mycelial growth. The developed model in an air-lift bioreactor showed good agreement with experimental data and simulated results on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production in the culture of F pinicola.