一份水稻矮杆小粒突变体的形态特征和基因定位

从水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中鉴定出一个矮杆小粒突变体t129,该突变体与野生型植株相比,植株明显矮化,籽粒粒长明显缩短,千粒重下降。遗传分析表明,t129的突变性状由一对隐性核基因控制,该基因(T129)经图位克隆定位于水稻第5染色体长臂上,引物InDel43和InDel57之间,物理距离为430 kb,并与标记InDel51共分离。本研究明确了该矮杆小粒突变体的表型特征及遗传规律,为进一步研究调控水稻株高和粒型基因奠定基础。     

陆地棉超矮杆突变体基因的初步定位

陆地棉超矮杆是一种新发现的突变体材料。前期对其遗传规律的研究表明,超矮杆突变性状是受一对完全隐性基因du控制的质量性状。文章以"超矮1号"和"新陆早16"配置的F2为作图群体,通过对双亲以及近等基因池的筛选,在1 350对SSR引物中共获得70对多态性引物。而后检测F2作图群体每个单株的基因型,显示有36个标记可以连锁,分布在8个连锁群上,其中超矮杆突变性状位于连锁群LG01。与目标基因du连锁的分子标记有7个:NAU2679、NAU2749、NAU905、NAU2838、NAU5373、NAU2238和NAU4946,它们皆为共显性标记。依据现有的棉花遗传图谱,标记NAU4946、NAU2238、NAU905、NAU5373和NAU2679位于第6染色体上,而目标基因du位于NAU2238和NAU4946之间,遗传距离分别为3.3 cM和1.4 cM,由此推定du在第6条染色体上。     

水稻矮秆突变体dtl1的分离鉴定及其突变基因的精细定位

文章通过对所构建的水稻突变体库进行大规模筛选,获得一个稳定遗传的矮秆突变体,与野生型日本晴相比,该突变体表现为植株矮化、叶片卷曲、分蘖减少和不育等性状,命名为dtl1(dwarf and twist leaf 1)。dtl1属于nl型矮秆,激素检测表明,矮秆性状与赤霉素和油菜素内酯无关。遗传分析显示,突变性状受单一隐性核基因控制。利用dtl1与籼稻品种Taichung Native 1杂交构建F2群体,将该突变基因DTL1定位于水稻第10染色体长臂2个SSR标记RM25923和RM6673之间约70.4 kb区域内,并与InDel标记Z10-29共分离,在该区域预测有13个候选基因,但未见调控水稻株高相关基因的报道,因此,认为DTL1基因是一个新的控制水稻株高的基因。     

水稻株型功能基因及其在育种上的应用

株型是与水稻产量密切相关的重要农艺性状,开展水稻株型功能基因组研究具有重要的现实意义。随着水稻全基因组测序工作的完成,在水稻株型形成的分子机理研究方面取得了一系列重大研究进展。现简要回顾株型的研究历史,分别从株高、叶型、分蘖数目、分蘖角度和穗型方面简要概述在水稻株型形成的分子机理方面取得的研究成果,并简要介绍水稻株型功能基因在育种上的应用情况。     

应用RFLP标记分析水稻株高与分蘖的遗传相关性

供试材料为高杆少分蘖梗稻品种Palawan与半矮杆籼稻品种IR42杂交F₂代.F₂株高与分蘖数呈正态分布.株高与分蘖数呈显著(P<0.01)负相关.104个分布于12条染色体的RFLP标记基因型之间表型平均值正交比较和分子标记区间作图分析结果表明,染色体1半矮杆基因位点sd-1附近有隐性加性效应,部分显性效应,和超显性效应的株高数量性状位点(QTLs).与其连锁的分子标记顺序为RG690-RZ730-RG381-RG801.另一个影响株高的显性加性QTL位于染色体2RZ166-RG157之间.影响分蘖数两个加性显性QTLs位于染色体4RG91-RZ656之间和染色体12RG457-RG241A之间.RG801与RG264(染色体6)位点之间具有显著(P<0.001)的加显与显加交互效应.     

水稻株高基因及其分子生物学研究进展

株高是水稻品种的重要农艺性状之一,植株过高容易引起倒伏而减产。近年来,随着研究手段的改进和水平的提高,在水稻株高基因的发现、定位、克隆及作用机理等方面的研究取得较大进展。本文介绍了国内外在该领域的研究进展概况。     

籼稻标记性状等基因系的构建

选用涉及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)全部12条染色体的、表现简单遗传且易于识别的形态标记材料27份,以早籼品种浙辐802为轮回亲本,经10余次回交,转育成一套籼型标记等基因系.在此基础上,对同一染色体上的标记进行聚合,育成了15份双标记等基因系.该套材料除所带标记性状外,生育期、株高、分蘖力和穗子大小等主要农艺性性状与轮回亲本基本相仿.     

籼稻标记性状等基因系的构建

选用涉及水稻(Oryza sativa L．)全部12条染色体的、表现简单遗传且易于识别的形态标记材料27份,以早籼品种浙辐802为轮回亲本,经10余次回交,转育成一套籼型标记等基因系。在此基础上,对同一染色体上的标记进行聚合,育成了15份双标记等基因系。该套材料除所带标记性状外,生育期、株高、分蘖力和穗子大小等主要农艺性状与轮回亲本基本相仿。     

水稻株高基因及其分子生物学研究进展

株高是水稻品种的重要农艺性状之一,植株过高容易引起倒伏而减产。近年来,随着研究手段的改进和水平的提高,在水稻株高基因的发现、定位、克隆及作用机理等方面的研究取得较大进展。本文介绍了国内外在该领域的研究进展概况。     

用组织培养法选择水稻矮杆突变体的研究

为降低水稻品种中花8号,10号的株高,同时又能保持这两个品种原有的丰产特性.我们从1986年起,用它们的幼穗进行组织培养,对体细胞突变体后代的植株高度等性状进行了观察,并对选择的矮杆突变体的其它农艺性状和产量等作了调查,从中选择矮杆、高产的突变细胞系用于生产。水稻幼穗经体细胞培养后,株高的变异明显,矮杆突变体出现的频率高。原品种中花8号、10号的植株偏高,平均株高分别是:113.6厘米和114.5厘米。中花8号、10号的株高突     

Characterization of a novel high-tillering dwarf 3 mutant in rice

Tiller number and culm length are important components of plant architecture and determinate grain production in rice.A line SIL046,derived from an introgression lines population developed by an accession of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and a high-yielding indica cultivar Guichao 2 (Oryza sativa L.).exhibits a higher tiller number and shorter culm length phenotype than the recipient parent Guichao 2 (GC2).Genetic analysis showed that the high-tillering dwarf phenotype was controlled by a novel single recessive gene,referred to as the high-tillering dwarf3 (htd3),which located within the genetic distance of 13.4 cM between SSR makers RM7003 and RM277 on chromosome 12.By means of fine-mapping strategy,we mapped HTD3 gene within the genetic distance of 2.5 cM and the physical distance of 3100 kb in the centromere of chromosome 12.Further identification of HTD3 gene would provide a new opportunity to uncover the molecular mechanism of the development of culm and tiller,two important components of yields in rice.     

Genetic analysis and fine-mapping of a dwarfing with withered leaf-tip mutant in rice

A dwarf mutant of rice(Oryza.sativa L.)by mutagenesis of ethylene methylsulfonate(EMS)treatment from Nipponbare was identified.The mutant exhibited phenotypes of dwarfism and withered leaf tip(dwll).Based on the internode length of dwl1,this mutant be longs to the dm type of dwarfing.Analysis of elongation of the second sheath and α-amylase activity in endosperm showed that the phenotype caused by dwll was insensitive to gibberellin acid treatment.Using a large F2 population derived from a cross between the dwll and an indica rice variety,TN1,the DWLl gene was mapped to the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 3.Fine-mapping de-limited it into a 46 kb physical distance between two STS markers,HL921 and HL944,where 6 open reading frames were predicted.Cloning of DWL1 will contribute to dissecting molecular mechanism that regulates plant height in rice,which will be beneficial to molecular assisted selection of this important trait.     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a novel semidominant dwarfing gene LB4D in rice

A dwarf mutant, designated LB4D, was obtained among the progeny of backcrosses to a wild rice introgression line. Genetic analysis of LB4D indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single semidominant dwarfing gene, which was named LB4D. The mutants were categorized as dn-type dwarf mutants according to the pattern of internode reduction. In addition, gibberellin (GA) response tests showed that LB4D plants were neither deficient nor insensitive to GA. This study found that tiller formation by LB4D plants was decreased by 40% compared with the wild type, in contrast to other dominant dwarf mutants that have been identified, indicating that a different dwarfing mechanism might be involved in the LB4D dominant mutant. The reduction of plant height in F(1) plants ranged from 27.9% to 38.1% in different genetic backgrounds, showing that LB4D exerted a stronger dominant dwarfing effect. Using large F(2) and F(3) populations derived from a cross between heterozygous LB4D and the japonica cultivar Nipponbare, the LB4D gene was localized to a 46 kb region between the markers Indel 4 and Indel G on the short arm of chromosome 11, and four predicted genes were identified as candidates in the target region.     

水稻体细胞无性系变异

水稻体细胞无性系变异研究取得了很大进展 ,获得了大量抗病、抗逆、优质、矮杆等突变体。对这些突变体遗传分析表明 ,大多数突变性状由 1对或 2对基因控制。水稻体细胞无性系变异的发生与基因型、性状、继代时间、培养方式等有关 ,并具有内在的机制 ,点突变和反转录转座子插入可能是引起水稻无性系变异的两个重要原因。     

水稻体细胞无性系变异

水稻体细胞无性系变异研究取得了很大进展,获得了大量抗病、抗逆、优质、矮杆等突变体。对这些突变体遗传分析表明,大多数突变性状由1对或2对基因控制。水稻体细胞无性系变异的发生与基因型、性状、继代时间、培养方式等有关,并具有内在的机制,点突变和反转录转座子插入可能是引起水稻无性系变异的两个重要原因。     

一个水稻矮秆突变体的遗传分析及基因定位

水稻（Oryza sativa）是我国重要的粮食作物之一。水稻矮秆材料的引入掀起了第1次＂绿色革命＂。但近年来,在水稻育种中矮生基因遗传单一的问题越来越突出,已经严重影响到水稻产量的持续提高。利用60Co-γ射线辐照籼稻亲本材料M804获得了一个性状能够稳定遗传的矮秆突变体MU101。对该矮秆突变体和台粳16号杂交获得的F2代的遗传分析表明,该矮秆性状受1对隐性单基因控制,并暂命名为ds1。利用已有的SSR分子标记将DS1基因定位在水稻第5号染色体上,通过扩大群体和开发新的Indel标记,进一步将DS1基因定位在2个Indel标记之间,两者间的物理距离大约为384kb。该研究为DS1基因的克隆及其在生产中的应用奠定了基础。     

Candidacy of a chitin-inducible gibberellin-responsive gene for a major locus affecting plant height in rice that is closely linked to Green Revolution gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">sd1</Emphasis>

Appropriate plant height is crucial for lodging resistance to improve the rice crop yield. The application of semi-dwarf 1 led to the green revolution in the 1960s, by predominantly increasing the rice yield. However, the frequent use of single sd1 gene sources may cause genetic vulnerability to pests and diseases. Identifying useful novel semi-dwarf genes is important for the genetic manipulation of plant architecture in practical rice breeding. In this study, introgression lines derived from two parents contrasting in plant height, Zhenshan 97 and Pokkali were employed to locate a gene with a large effect on plant height by the bulk segregant analysis method. A major gene, ph1, was mapped to a region closely linked to sd1 on chromosome 1; the additive effects of ph1 were more than 50 cm on the plant height and 2 days on the heading date in a BC₄F₂ population and its progeny. ph1 was then fine mapped to BAC AP003227. Gene annotation indicated that LOC_OS01g65990 encoding a chitin-inducible gibberellin-responsive protein (CIGR), which belongs to the GRAS family, might be the right candidate gene of ph1. Co-segregation analysis of the candidate gene-derived marker finally confirmed its identity as the candidate gene. A higher expression level of the CIGR was detected in all the tested tissues in tall plants compared to those of short plants, especially in the young leaf sheath containing elongating tissues, which indicated its importance role in regulating plant height. ph1 showed a tremendous genetic effect on plant height, which is distinct from sd1 and could be a new resource for breeding semi-dwarf varieties.     

一个新的水稻小粒矮秆基因的分子标记定位及效应分析

从水稻(Oryza safjva L．)半矮秆品种蜀恢I62中发现一份小粒矮秆突变体“I62d”。对I62d与4个半矮秆品种杂交F1和F2代的遗传分析表明,I62d的矮生性由一对隐性基因控制。以II-32B／162d F2代作定位群体,用分子标记将I62d突变基凶定位丁水稻第3染色体短臂,该基因与微卫星标记RM218和RMI57之间的遗传距离分别为3．5cM和10．0cM。同时,利用近等基因系分析了该基因的表型效应,结果表明它可使株高降为正常高度的1／4左右,籽粒降为正常大小的1／4左右,并使叶片显著缩短、加宽,结实率显著降低。我们认为162d突变基因是一个新的水稻小粒矮秆某因,暂命名为dI62(t）。