Little known leaf beetles of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysolina</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae) from China

Chrysolina (Semenowia) chalcea (Weise, 1889), Ch. (Pezocrosita) cyanopurpurea (Ballion, 1878), and Ch. (Chrysocrosita) fuyunica Chen, 1961 are redescribed. A male (topotype) of Ch. cyanopurpurea was examined for the first time. Ch. belousovi Lopatin, 2000 is a new junior synonym of Ch. cyanopurpurea; Ch. bienkowskii Lopatin, 2000 is a new junior synonym of Ch. chalcea. The taxonomic position of all the taxa mentioned is discussed.     

A review of the leaf-beetle genus Chrysolina Motschulsky (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Russia and European countries of the former USSR. III. Remarks on the systematics and distribution of the species

Chrysolina didymata (Scriba, 1791) is repeatedly recorded from Ukraine (Kamianets-Podilskyi), Ch. cuprina (Duftschmid, 1825) is recorded from the South Urals (Bashkiria) for the second time, Ch. oirota Lopatin, 1990 is recorded from Russia (W. Altai), Ch. staphylaea sharpi (Fowler, 1890) is recorded from Russia (the Kandalaksha Bay coast) for the first time. The presence of Ch. roddi in Lipetsk Province (the Galichia Gora Nature Reserve) is confirmed after the finding of three males. The host plant of this species is found to be Seseli intermedia. Chrysolina daghestanica (Reitter, 1912) is synonymized with Ch. cuprina (Duftschmid, 1825); Ch. dudkoi ivanovskiana Mikhailov, 2000 is synonymized with Ch. dudkoi dudkoi Mikhailov, 2000; Ch. tolli kodarensis is synonymized with Ch. cavigera pirka Takizawa, 1970. The infrasubspecific rank of the variety Ch. hyrcana var. cyanescens Jacobson, 1894 is confirmed. The neotype of Ch. sahlbergii (Ménétriés, 1832) is designated. The systematic position of Ch. arctoalpina Mikhailov, 2006, Ch. kholsunica Mikhailov, 2001, Ch. kuznetzowi (Jacobson, 1897), Ch. soiota khakassa Mikhailov, 2002, Ch. cuprina dilecta Bechyné, 1952, Ch. poretzkyi (Jacobson, 1897), Ch. seriepunctata (Weise, 1887), and Ch. ambulans (Faldermann, 1835) is discussed. The authorship and date of the original publication of one name are improved, namely: Chrysomela discipennis Ménétriés, 1848.     

A review of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysolina lineella</Emphasis> species-group of the subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anopachys</Emphasis> Motschulsky, 1860, genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysolina</Emphasis> Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

The Chrysolina lineella species-group of the subgenus Anopachys Motschulsky, 1860 is revised. Chrysolina watanabei Takizawa, 1970 is revalidated from the synonymy with Ch. lineigera (Jacobson, 1901). Ch. sundukovi Mikhailov, 2006 is a new junior synonym of Ch. watanabei. Special attention is paid to the infraspecific variability of the male and female genitalia. The structure of the aedeagal flagellum and the spermatheca are used as diagnostic characters. A key to species is included. Ch. watanabei is for the first time recorded from the Asian continent (Primorskii Territory of Russia and Northeastern China).     

A brief history and revision of the systematics of the cladid crinoid Sinocrinus

The erisocrinid Sinocrinus differs from other erisocrinid genera (Erisocrinus and Exaetocrinus) by possessing a rounded, bowl-shaped cup, bearing tumid cup plates with impressed sutures. Sinocrinus Tien, 1926 is refined using Principal Component Analysis and neighborhood cluster analysis. The genotype of Sinocrinus, S. microgranulosus Tien, 1926, is a junior subjective synonym of S. granulatus (Wanner, 1924). Sinocrinus [Erisocrinus] stefaninii (Yakovlev, 1934) is a junior synonym of Sinocrinus lichengensis Tien, 1926 and S. asymmetricus Strimple and Watkins, 1969 is the junior synonym of S. sheareri Strimple and Watkins, 1969. Other valid species include: S. [Erisocrinus] cernuus (Trautschold, 1867); S. [Erisocrinus] obliquus (Wanner, 1916); S. houkouensis Tien, 1926; S. nodosus Tien, 1926; S. [Erisocrinus] stefaninii (Yakovlev, 1934). Because of its refined inclusiveness, the temporal span of the genus now extends from the Late Carboniferous (Moscovian) through the early Permian (Sakmarion). This study also widens the current geographic range of Sinocrinus, with specimens collected across a wider span of Eurasia.     

The subspecies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysolina limbata</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae)

Examination of 1492 specimens of Ch. limbata (Fabricius, 1775) from the entire distribution range resulted in the discrimination of six subspecies: limbata (West Europe excluding the Apennine Peninsula, the Crimea, north and south of European Russia, the Great Caucasus, Northern Kazakhstan, and southern West Siberia), discipennis (Ménétriés, 1848) (southeast of European Russia, Western Kazakhstan), hochhuthii (Suffrian, 1851) (south of East Siberia, Eastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Northern China), luigionii (Depoli, 1936) (the Apennines, the Alps, Herzegovina, the Mediterranean coast of France); russiella ssp. n. (deciduous forests, forest-steppe and steppe of European Russia and Ukraine); volodi ssp. n. (alpine regions of the Lesser Caucasus and eastern Turkey). Ch. limbata findelii (Suffrian, 1851) is a new junior synonym of Ch. limbata limbata.     

Asparagus beetles of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crioceris duodecimpunctata</Emphasis> (Linnaeus, 1758) group (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae) from Russia and Adjacent Countries

The distribution of Crioceris duodecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and two related species with their subspecies is defined more precisely. Crioceris orientalis tshingisana Lopatin, 1966, stat. n. and C. hypopsila demokidovi Semenov, 1909, stat. n. are treated as subspecies for the first time. Lectotypes of C. hypopsila Jacobson, 1907, C. demokidovi Semenov, 1909, and C. duodecimpunctata hypolachna Jacobson, 1907 are designated. The male and female genitalia are described and illustrated for all the species considered. A new key to the species of Crioceris without a black sutural stripe is compiled.     

Taxonomical notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Torymidae</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea</Emphasis>)

As a result of investigations over type material from a collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, a new synonym and two new combinations in the Torymidae family (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are proposed: Eridontomerus illiesi Szelényi, 1981 as a junior synonym of Cryptopristus caliginosus (Walker, 1833); Eridontomerus unidentatus Szelényi, 1973 is transferred to the genus Pseudotorymus Masi, 1921; and Idiomacromerus obscuripennis (Szelényi, 1973) is transferred to the genus Torymoides Walker, 1871.     

Nomenclatural changes in the tribe Empoascini of the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera,Cicadellidae)

One genus and species are synonymized in the tribe Empoascini of the subfamily Typhlocybinae. Bhatasca Dworakowska, 1995is a junior synonym of Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada, 1994, Bhatasca rectangulata Qin & Zhang, 2011is a junior synonym of Alebrasca actinidiae Hayashi & Okada, 1994. Furthermore, Bhatasca expansa is (necessarily) transferred to the genus Alebrasca.     

Results of studying the types of species of the genus Chrysopilus (Diptera, Rhagionidae) from the collection of the Natural History Museum of the Humboldt University (Berlin, Germany): Communication 3

Communication 3 presents the results of studying the types of Chrysopilus auratus (Fabr.), Ch. aureus (Meigen), Ch. aureus meridionalis Bezzi, Ch. splendidus (Meigen), and Ch. luteolus (Fallén). Two new species, Ch. subauratus sp. n. and Ch. subsplendidus sp. n., are described. The results of examination of 19 species of the genus are given.     

A Revision of Australian River Prawns, Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

A taxonomic revision of Australian Macrobrachium identified three species new to the Australian fauna – two undescribed species and one new record, viz. M. auratumsp. nov., M. koombooloombasp. nov., and M. mammillodactylus(Thallwitz, 1892). Eight taxa previously described by Riek (1951) are recognised as new junior subjective synonyms, viz. M. adscitum adscitum, M. atactum atactum, M. atactum ischnomorphum, M. atactum sobrinum, M. australiense crassum, M. australiense cristatum, M. australiense eupharum of M. australienseHolthuis, 1950, and M. glypticumof M. handschiniRoux, 1933. Apart from an erroneous type locality for a junior subjective synonym, there were no records to confirm the presence of M. australe(Guérin-Méneville, 1838) on the Australian continent. In total, 13 species of Macrobrachiumare recorded from the Australian continent. Keys to male developmental stages and Australian species are provided. A revised diagnosis is given for the genus. A list of 31 atypical species which do not appear to be based on fully developed males or which require re-evaluation of their generic status is provided. Terminology applied to spines and setae is revised.     

A review of Semigenetta (Viverridae,Carnivora) from the Miocene of Eurasia based on material from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Germany)

The present article offers a detailed review of the taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology of the genus Semigenetta. The study is based on new craniodental and postcranial remains of the genus from the early late Miocene (Tortonian) locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany). Most of the new specimens are attributed to the medium-sized species Semigenetta sansaniensis, whereas one lower carnassial is assigned to the large-sized Semigenetta grandis, making Hammerschmiede 4 the first known locality with two species of the genus. The variability of the material of S. sansaniensis from Europe allows us to revise the taxonomic weight of some previously used characters, and to identify the smaller-sized late Miocene form Semigenetta ripolli as a junior synonym of the former. Such an evolutionary transition of S. sansaniensis towards smaller forms is explained by niche partitioning with larger carnivorans of similar ecology, such as the herein reported S. grandis. Additionally, the species Semigenetta huaiheensis is here considered as a junior synonym of Semigenetta elegans.     

A new subgenus of the longicorn genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytoecia</Emphasis> Dejean, 1835 (Coleoptera,Cerambycidae) from the Palaearctic region

Paracoptosia subgen. n., with type species Saperda compacta Ménétriés, 1832, is established as a subgenus of Phytoecia for Coptosia sensu auct. nec Fairmaire, 1865. Coptosia Fairmaire, 1865, syn. n., is a junior objective synonym of Oxylia Mulsant, 1863.     

Taxonomic review of Bourguyiinae,cladistic analysis,and a new hypothesis of biogeographic relationships of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Arachnida: Opiliones,Gonyleptidae)

The subfamily Bourguyiinae Mello‐Leitão, 1923 (Gonyleptidae) is revised, and both phylogenetic and biogeographic hypotheses are proposed. Bourguyiinae is monophyletic, and is the sister group of the remainder of the Gonyleptidae species used for analysis, except for the Metasarcinae, which collectively is the sister group of Metavononoides orientalis Mello‐Leitão, 1923 (Cosmetidae). Bourguyiinae is divided into two genera: Bourguyia (six species) and Asarcus (four species). The genus‐level synonyms proposed here are as follows: Caldasius, Styloleptes, and Stylopisthos are junior synonyms of Bourguyia; Bogdana, Cnemoleptes, and Opisthoplites are junior synonyms of Asarcus. The species synonyms proposed here are as follows: Afranius amarali Mello‐Leitão, 1934 is a junior synonym of Bourguyia albiornata Mello‐Leitão, 1923 ; Drastus hamatus Roewer, 1943 and Styloleptes conspersus Piza, 1943 are junior synonyms of Bourguyia trochanteralis Roewer, 1930 ; Asarcus corallipes Simon, 1879 , Asarcus lutescens Sørensen, 1884 , Asarcus pallidus Mello‐Leitão, 1923 , and Opisthoplites ypsilon Sørensen, 1884 are junior synonyms of Asarcus longipes Kollar in Koch, 1839 ; Asarcus nigriconspersus Soares & Soares, 1945 is a junior synonym of Asarcus ingenuus Melo‐Leitão, 1940. New species described are: Bourguyia bocaina sp. nov. (Serra da Bocaina, São José do Barreiro, São Paulo), Bourguyia vinosa sp. nov. (E.B. Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo), and Asarcus putunaberaba sp. nov. (Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Alto Caparaó, Minas Gerais). Bourguyiinae is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná. Based on the modified data matrix of Pinto‐da‐Rocha et al., we propose a new biogeographical hypothesis for the Atlantic Rainforest. We suggest that Bourguyiinae species were originally distributed from the coastal region of Paraná to the north of Rio de Janeiro and south‐east of Minas Gerais, with subsequent dispersals both to northern and southern areas. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 156 , 319–362.     

Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Protanisoptera (Insecta: Odonatoptera)

The Permian suborder Protanisoptera (Insecta: Odonatoptera) is revised and a new phylogenetic hypothesis proposed after analyses based on wing venation and different outgroups. After our study the families Camptotaxineuridae and Kaltanoneuridae are excluded from the Protanisoptera. After a new phylogenetic analysis, the family Permaeschnidae is redefined and the families Pholidoptilidae, Polytaxineuridae, Callimokaltaniidae and Hemizygopteridae are restored, as already proposed for the latter three families by Bechly (1996). The new genus Proditaxineura is described. The genus Gondvanoptilon RÖSLER et al., 1981 is excluded from the Meganisoptera: Erasipteridae and re-included in the Permaeschnidae, as already proposed by Bechly (1998). Permaeschna proxima MARTYNOV, 1931 is considered as a junior synonym of Permaeschna dolloi MARTYNOV, 1931. Pholidoptilon camense ZALESSKY, 1931 is excluded from Permaeschna MARTYNOV, 1931 and the genus Pholidoptilon [Zalessky, 1931a] and [Zalessky, 1931b] is restored. Ditaxineurella stigmalisMARTYNOV, 1940 is excluded from the Hemizygopteridae and considered as a Protanisoptera Incertae sedis.