温度和盐度对卤虫生物学特性的影响

本实验以产自美国旧金山湾,我国山西运城盐湖,河北张北,新疆阿勒泰的两性生死卤虫,及产于天津塘沽、新疆艾比湖的孤雌生殖卤虫,计３种６个品系卤虫为实验材料,分别测量它们在不同温度下的孵化率、生长、发育及生殖的情况,并比较了各品系卤虫以坑盐的耐受性。通过全长的测量,得出了各品系卤虫在不同温度及协度下的生长方程。除了旧金山卤虫为耐低温高盐的种外,张北卤虫也具此特性。在生殖特征方面,我斩５个地理品系卤虫之间     

山东埕口盐场海欣分场卤虫种群生态调查

卤虫在盐田生态系统的生物调控中起着重要作用.为探讨盐田生态环境对卤虫种群的影响,选取盐度由低到高的盐池6个,采用连续定点取样、现场测量及实验室分析相结合的方法,对相关生态因子进行了调查.结果表明:卤水温度随季节变化而变化,且随卤水盐度升高而小幅增加;pH随卤水盐度升高而略有降低;卤水中叶绿素a含量与自然海水相比普遍较低(＜0.3μg·L-1);总氮和总磷浓度随卤水盐度的增加而显著升高,且较低盐度下氮为限制性元素,而较高盐度下磷为限制性元素;卤虫种群密度随卤水温度和盐度的变化而变化,在较低盐度(7 ～12°Bé)和较高温度(6-8月)下卤虫种群密度较高.分析雌雄卤虫性比表明:埕口盐场为孤雌和两性生殖卤虫混合种群,盐度和温度对孤雌和两性生殖卤虫种群密度均有一定影响;春夏季和低盐度环境下孤雌品系卤虫种群占绝对优势,而在秋季和较高盐度下两性生殖种群卤虫种群逐渐占据优势.     

卤虫的生物学研究

对卤虫的生物学特征和培养方法作了介绍。特别是对卤虫的经济价值分类地位、种群遗传学、孤雌生殖卤虫的生殖机制、种群的分子群体遗传学及进化、种群同工酶、种群的分子生物学分析和营养成分等方面的研究成果进行了综述。     

卤虫(AC)_n和(AG)_n微卫星文库构建

卤虫Artemia作为重要的基础实验材料和经济动物资源,其微卫星位点具有重要的研究和应用价值。本研究使用磁珠富集法,成功构建了卤虫的(AC)_n和(AG)_n微卫星富集文库。通过对文库进行PCR方法鉴定和测序确认,所构建的(AC)_n和(AG)_n文库阳性克隆率分别为55.8%和34.5%。依据得到的微卫星序列,设计并合成了63对微卫星引物,随机以2个地理单元(青海、西藏)共18个卤虫基因组DNA为扩增模板,筛选出6对具有多态性的卤虫微卫星引物。本研究筛选出的微卫星多态位点可用于卤虫种群的遗传多样性评估、遗传图谱的构建和数量性状定位等后续工作。     

以卤虫幼体和水蚤为食物对水螅的培养比较

水蚤和卤虫幼体均是水螅培养上的常用食物,利用水蚤和卤虫幼体饲喂水螅,比较这2种食物下水螅的脱芽数和种群增长。结果表明,以卤虫幼体为食物时,水螅个体显著较大,水螅的脱芽数和种群增长明显快于以水蚤为食物时。通过卤虫卵孵化卤虫幼体喂食水螅的培养方法具有明显优势。     

以卤虫幼体和水蚤为食物对水螅的培养比较

水蚤和卤虫幼体均是水螅培养上的常用食物,利用水蚤和卤虫幼体饲喂水螅．比较这2种食物下水螅的脱芽数和种群增长。结果表明,以卤虫幼体为食物时,水螅个体显著较大,水螅的脱芽数和种群增长明显快于以水蚤为食物时。通过卤虫卵孵化卤虫幼体喂食水螅的培养方法具有明显优势。     

用RAPD和AFLP的方法对中国卤虫(Artemia)种及亲缘关系的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ）和ＡＦＬＰ（扩增片段长度多态性）技术对不同种及种群卤虫的关系进行分析。 １０１个随机引物对４种卤虫Ａｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃａｎａ、Ａ ｕｒｍｉａｎａ、Ａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ和Ａ．ｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｌｉｃａ基因组ＤＮＡ进行扩增,平均每个种获得７５１条带,其中４５８条带为多态性标记,每个引物提供平均７４个标记信息,聚类结果表明Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ是不同于其他旧大陆两性生殖卤虫的一个独立的种。对来自 １５个种及品系的卤虫的 ＡＦＬＰ分析显示了非常好的遗传多态性,采用 １２对引物检测到 ５９４条带,其中 ４８０个为多态性标记。聚类结果表明来自西藏的两性生殖卤虫为不同于中国内陆两性生殖卤虫的新种。而孤雌生殖卤虫在进化过程中可能是多源的,中国内陆和沿海的孤雌生殖卤虫是沿着不同的途径进化的,内陆和沿海的孤雌生殖卤虫可能为不同的种。     

用RAPD和AFLP的方法对中国卤虫（Autemia）种及亲缘关系的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ）和ＡＦＬＰ（扩增片段长度多态性）技术对不同种及种群卤虫的关系进行分析。１０１个随机引物对４种卤虫Ａ．ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃａｎａ、Ａ．ｕｒｍｉａｎａ、Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ和Ａ．ｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａ基因组ＤＮＡ进行扩增,平均每个种获得７５１条带,其中４５８条带为多态性标记,每个引物提供平均７．４个标记信息,聚类结果表明Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ是不同于其他旧大陆两性生殖卤虫     

光周期对卤虫繁殖的影响

卤虫是大多数水产动物苗种生产中必不可少的优质活饵料 ,又是一种很好的实验生物 ,被广泛用于有关生理、生化及细胞发育生物学研究。盐度、饵料、饵料中的叶绿素、间歇性的低溶氧和培养液中铁离子的浓度等对卤虫繁殖的影响已见报道[1— 2 ] 。而光照对卤虫的影响 ,前人的研究侧重于光照对卤虫卵滞育终止的影响及光照对卤虫卵孵化的影响[3— 4] 。本研究将探讨不同的光周期对卤虫繁殖的影响 ,以期为更好地开展卤虫的增养殖和卤虫卵的加工提供理论基础。1　材料和方法1 .1　材料　试验用卤虫卵 ,于 1 997年 1 1月采自河北省乐亭大清河盐场 ,低…     

介质对卤虫生物学特性的影响

比较了不同介质对不同生存环境的４个地理品系卤虫的孵化、生长、繁殖的作用．实验得出：介质对卤虫的孵化不起决定作用;介质对卤虫生长的作用极其显著,和卤虫原生境相同的介质更利于卤虫生长和存活;介质对卤虫繁殖的影响随卤虫品系的不同而异．４个品系卤虫在６,１２Ｂｅ’氯化钠型介质中均能较好生长、繁殖,这为海水孵化与养殖不同地理品系卤虫提供了依据．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.