MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF FLABELLINA AFFINIS (GMELIN, 1791) (NUDIBRANCHIA, AEOLIDOIDEA, FLABELLINIDAE) AND ITS RELATION TO OTHER MEDITERRANEAN FLABELLINA SPECIES

The Atlantic and Mediterranean flabellinid Flabellina affinis(Gmelin, 1791) (Opisthobranchia, Nudi-branchia, Aeolidoidea)is examined morphologically, anatomically and histologicallywith special emphasis on characters which have been widely neglectedin recent literature (e.g. the histological structure of theoral glands, typhlosole). The study provides detailed data aboutall organ systems which are compared to existing data of otherauthors. The species described as Flabellina affinis by Bergh(1875; 1886) is considered not to be conspecific with the Flabellinaaffinis examined in this and other studies. Furthermore, Flabellinaaffinis is compared to other Mediterranean species, especiallyF. ischitana (Hirano & Thompson, 1990). F. ischitana differsfrom F. affinis mainly by the structure of the genital system.The phylogenetic trees presented for the genus by Gosliner &Kuzirian (1990) and Gosliner & Willan (1991) are discussed. (Received 5 August 1996; accepted 9 June 1997)     

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN OPISTHOBRANCHIA: DOTIDAE (DENDRONOTOIDEA), ARMINIDAE AND MADRELLIDAE (ARMINOIDEA)

An account is given of Doto, Armina and Madrella species collectedon diving and dredging expeditions to the Ligurian, Tyrrhenian,Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Seas during the period 1973–1988,supplemented by material collected around Naples (southern Italy)and Banyuls (French Côte Vermeille). In all, 5 speciesof Doto, 3 of Armina and 1 of Madrella were investigated, yielding5 new records for the eastern Mediterranean Sea and one speciesnew to science, Armina tricuspidata from the Tyrrhenian Sea.The common arminid on the American coast from North Carolinato Texas is not A. tigrina as claimed by Abbott(1954) and byEyster (1981), but is a new species, for which we propose thename Armina abbotti. Consideration of world-wide records of Madrella leads to theconclusion that the senior Madrella sanguinea Angas, 1864, embracesM. ferruginosa Alder & Hancock, 1864, M. aurantiace Vayssière,1903 and M. granularis Baba, 1949 (but not the Japanese M. gloriosaBaba, 1949, which is probably distinct). ^*T.E. Thompson died in a car accident 1 January 1990. (Received 2 May 1989; accepted 4 November 1989)     

PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ATLANTIC AND EASTERN PACIFIC HYPSELODORIS STIMPSON, 1855 (NUDIBRANCHIA, CHROMODORIDIDAE) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM THE CARIBBEAN SEA

A new species, based on two specimens from Guana Island, BritishVirgin Islands, is described. The new species agrees with thegenus Hypselodoris in having a high body profile, a large vestibulargland and mantle glands. It differs from other members of thegenus in the Atlantic Ocean by having a reddish background bodycolour. In addition, dorsal colour patterns such as a broadcentral white line with lateral extensions and the lack of yellowlines or spots further differentiate this species. The radularformula of 52x41.0.41 and a smaller seminal receptacle are alsodistinctive. The phylogenetic relationships of 34 species andsubspecies of Hypselodoris from the eastern Pacific and Atlanticare examined using morphological characters. With the exceptionof the new species, these are characterized by a dark blue backgroundbody colour. The phylogenetic analysis of the data matrix resultedin eight most-parsimonious trees. The resulting consensus treeshows that eastern Pacific and Atlantic species of Hypselodorisconstitute a monophyletic group that is basally split into twosister clades. One clade contains the eastern Pacific speciesand most of the Caribbean species, whereas the other clade containsthe eastern Atlantic species. The new species is the sisterto the rest of the Caribbean species, which also form a monophyleticgroup. This phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that two consecutivevicariant events have affected the biogeography of Hypselodoris:(1) the closure of communication between the tropical Indo-Pacificregion and the Atlantic and eastern Pacific, completed withthe formation of the East Pacific Barrier; and (2) the riseof the Panama isthmus. (Received 19 December 2003; accepted 12 October 2005)     

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF TAMBJA BURN, 1962 (NUDIBRANCHIA: POLYCERIDAE) FROM THE INDO-PACIFIC

The genus Tambja previously included 24 described species. Fournew species, T. tentaculata n. sp., T. gabrielae n. sp., T.zulu n. sp. and Tambja victoriae n. sp., from the Indo-Pacificare described. Tambja tentaculata n. sp., from Guam, is theonly known species in the genus with well developed, dorsolaterallygrooved, oral tentacles. Its inner lateral teeth have a bifidinner cusp with two long, sharp denticles. The oral tentaclesof T. tentaculata are more typical of Roboastra species, whilethe shape of the inner lateral teeth is more typical of Tambja.Nevertheless, the arrangement of the two cusps of the innerlateral teeth and the presence of a rachidian tooth withoutdenticles and with a central notch at the anterior edge, typicalof the species of the genus Tambja, suggest the placement withinthis genus. Tambja gabrielae n. sp., from Indonesia and PapuaNew Guinea, has dark green to dark brown ground colour withbright yellow patches scattered on the body. Tambja zulu n.sp. from Durban, South Africa, is characterized by a black groundcolour with slender yellow longitudinal lines. Tambja victoriaen. sp. is a new species from Papua New Guinea and Australiathat has frequently been misidentified as Roboastra arika, characterizedby its blue body colour and yellow lines. The four species aredistinguishable based on differences in body coloration, ofcharacters of the radula and of the reproductive system. Anoverview on distinguishing features of all known Indo-PacificTambja species is presented. (Received 21 June 2004; accepted 20 January 2005)     

REVIEW OF THE GENUS DENDRODORIS EHRENBERG, 1831 (GASTROPODA: NUDIBRANCHIA) IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

Six valid species of the nudibranch genus Dendrodons Ehrenberg,1831 inhabit the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterraneanand Caribbean Seas. Dendrodons lumbata (Cuvier, 1804), Dendrodonsgrandiflora (Rapp, 1827), Dendrodons nigra (Stimpson, 1855)(immigrant from the Red Sea), Dendrodons krebsu (Mörch,1863), Dendrodoru senegalensis Bouchet, 1975 and Dendrodonswarta Marcus & Gallagher, 1976. Additional data about thebiology and geographical distribution of these species are presented.New evidence suggests that other species assigned to the genusDendrodons, Dendrodons racemosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951 and Dendrodonsminima Pruvot-Fol, 1951, must be included in the genus DoriopsillaBergh, 1880. Three new species of Dendrodoris are describedfrom the Northeastern Atlantic and West Africa;Dendrodons angolensis,Dendrodoris guineana and Dendrodons herytra. The variable external morphology makes species recognition difficult.Instead, the diagnostic characters utilised to separate speciesare the shape of the male cirrus hooks, the structure of thereproductive system and features of the egg-mass. (Received 25 April 1995; accepted 1 August 1995)     

A NEW SPECIES OF GRANELEDONE (CEPHALOPODA: OCTOPODIDAE) FROM THE SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC OCEAN

A new species of eledonid octopus is described from thesouthwesternAtlantic Ocean from depths between 90 and 1000 m off thecoastsof southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. This species,Graneledoneyamana is characterized by having a papillose skin, twowelldeveloped 'horns' above the eyes, small gills with 5-7 lamellaeonthe outer demibranch, arms with uniserial suckers, 35-80on femalesand 26-70 on males. The third right arm is hectocotylized,the ligulais small, the calamus is large and well differentiated.Ink sacabsent. These characters differ from all other knownGraneledonespecies from the southern oceans. (Received 22 July 1999; accepted 20 May 2000)     

YOLDIELLA SEGUENZAE, A NEW SPECIES OF NUCULANIDAE (BIVALVIA; NUCULOIDA) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

A new species, Yoldiella seguenzae (Bivalvia, Nucu-loida), froma deep sea community off the north east coast of Sardinia (MediterraneanSea), is described. Morphometrical and statistical comparisonwith the very similar Yoldiella philippiana (Nyst, 1845), andgeneral morphological comparison with other Mediterranean andAtlantic species support the distinc-tivness of Y. seguenzaewhich is distributed in deep waters of the Central MediterraneanSea, Alboran Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. (Received 21 October 1993; accepted 1 July 1994)     

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PHYLLIDIOPSIS BERGH (NUDIBRANCHIA: DORIDOIDEA: PHYLLIDIIDAE) FROM THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC, WITH COMMENTS ON THE ATLANTIC SPECIES

A new species of phyllidiid nudibranch, Phyllidiopsis shireenae,is described. The new species has a middorsal crest insteadof being flattened dorso-ventrally like most phyllidiids. Itsbody is a very pale shade of pink with black bands, and itsrhinophores are salmon pink. The anatomy of the alimentary systemand reproductive system are described. Characters originallyused by Bergh (1875) to differentiate the genus are supportedby this new species. Phyllidiopsis shi-reenae is presently knownfrom coral reef habitats in the extreme western Pacific Ocean.A review of the taxonomic status of the Atlantic specis of Phyllidiopsisis required. ^*Present address: Australian Biological and Environmental Survey.Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, GPO Box 1383,Canberra. ACT 2601. Australia. (Received 15 August 1989; accepted 8 January 1990)     

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CHLAMISUS RAFINESQUE FROM FUJIAN PROVINCE, CHINA (CHLAMISINAE: EUMOLPIDAE: COLEOPTERA)

Abstract Four new leaf beetle species of Chlamisus Rafinesque, all collected from Fujian Province, China, are described. They are Chlamisus rugosus Zhou et T'an, sp. nov., C. wuyiensis Zhou et T'an, sp. nov., C. flavomaculatus T' an et Zhou, sp. nov. andC. s peciosus T'an et Zhou, sp. nov. For each of the new species, illustrations of dorsal view of body, pygidium and the patterns of tubercles and ridges on elytra are given. All the type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.     

THE ATLANTIC SPECIES OF SOLIERIA (GIGARTINALES,RHODOPHYTA): THEIR MORPHOLOGY,DISTRIBUTION AND AFFINITIES1

Solieria chordalis (C. Agardh) J. Agardh and S. tenera (J. Agardh) Wynne et Taylor exhibit multiaxial growth from a cluster of four to eight obconical apical cells. A single periaxial cell is cut off from each axial cell and successive periaxial cells are rotated 120° in a zig-zag pattern along each axial filament. Periaxial cells produce branched, laterally diverging filaments which form the cortex. The medulla is composed of axial cells, elongate cells of lateral filaments, stretched interconnecting cells, and secondary rhizoids. The two species are nonprocarpic. Carpogonial branches are 3-celled, inwardly directed, with a reflexed trichogyne. The auxiliary cell together with associated darkly-staining inner cortical cells form an association, the auxiliary cell complex, that is recognizable prior to diploidization. A single, unbranched, non-septate connecting filament issues from the fertilized carpogonium and fuses with the inner, lateral side of an auxiliary cell. Production of an involucre from surrounding vegetative cells is stimulated and a gonimoblast initial is cut off toward the interior of the thallus which divides to form a compact cluster of gonimoblast cells. A fusion cell is produced through fusion of inner gonimoblast cells with the auxiliary cell that, in turn, fuses progressively with cells of the lateral file bearing the auxiliary cell. Mature cystocarps have terminal carposporangia cut off from gonimoblast cells at the periphery of the fusion cell and are surrounded by an involucre with a distinct ostiole. Tetrasporangia are cut off laterally from surface cortical cells which then cut off one or two additional derivatives toward the outside. A lectotype is designated for Solieria chordalis, but the lectotypification of S. tenera is questioned. We conclude that Solieria is closely related to Rhabdonia and place the Rhabdoniaceae in synonomy with the Solieriaceae.     

中国福建省瘤叶甲属4新种(异翅亚目:盲蝽科:叶盲蝽亚科)(英文)

本文记述了采自福建省的肖叶甲科瘤叶甲亚科瘤叶甲属Chlamisus Rafinesque的4个新种:皱胸瘤叶甲Chlamisusrugosus Zhou et T'an, sp. nov. ;武夷瘤叶甲C. wuyiensis Zhou et T'an, sp. nov. ;黄斑瘤叶甲C. flavomaculatus T'an at Zhou, sp. nov, ;丽瘤叶甲C. speciosus T'an et Zhou, sp. nov.。模式标本均收藏在中国科学院动物研究所。     

FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF AMYGDALUM (MYTILOIDEA) FROM THE OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE OF THE ARABIAN SEA

A new species of Amygdalum (Amygdalum anoxicolum n. sp.) isdescribed living in the soft green muds of the oxygen minimumzone off the Oman margin in the northern Arabian Sea. It isdistinguished by both its shell and anatomical characters. Theanatomy is described and discussed in relation to the environment.The presence of haemoglobin is viewed as a direct adaptationto the low levels of oxygen found in its habitat. The observedwide size range of ingested food particles is discussed in relationto the low oxygen environment. The nest building habit is assumedto be a key adaptation to living in soft, high porosity mud.The distribution of the genus is examined in relation to thedistribution of known zones of hypoxia in the world9s oceans,but no relationship is evident. Amygdalum species are not indicatorsof low oxygen environments. (Received 17 August 2000; accepted 14 November 2000)     

黄、渤海褐虾科(甲壳动物亚门,软甲纲,十足目)记述

报道了黄渤海分布的褐虾科共4属6种,并提供了详细的检索表和各种的鉴别特征、地理分布、外部形态图,并讨论了各种目前存在的分类学问题。     

HAMINAEA EXIGUA (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA), A NEW CEPHALASPID SPECIES FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA

A new species of the genus Haminaca has been found in samplesfrom the northern Adriatic Sea. The new species is very similarto H. orteai, but may be clearly distinguished by body size,the non-pigmented area around the eyes, number of leaves ofHancock's organ, number of ridges on the gizzard plates andby the morphology of male genital tract. A comparison and adiscussion of the values of the most significant characterswithin the genus Haminaca is provided herein. (Received 19 September 1991; accepted 28 February 1992)     

KARYOLOGY OF BANGIA ATROPURPUREA (RHODOPHYTA,BANGIALES) FROM MEDITERRANEAN AND NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC POPULATIONS1

We studied the karyology of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Ag. collected from marine and freshwater populations from the Mediterranean region and some northeastern Atlantic localities. Gametophytic thalli had two haploid karyotypes, n = 3 and n = 4. The n = 4 karyotype was only occasionally present in the Mediterranean and was also found in one Atlantic population, confirming a previous report. We propose that the four-chromosome karyotype is an aneuploid form, n + 1. Chromosomes were frequently observed either in a parallel arrangement or in a circular configuration.