MM工程菌的大规模发酵培养工艺研究

首先在50L发酵罐上研究了MM工程菌的发酵培养工艺。确定了接种量4％,搅拌转速300～500r／min,pH7,2和糖补加速率0．066 g．(L·mjn)^-1等参数,活菌数可达每毫升211亿。以氧传递系数为放大准则可成功地将该工艺在200L倒产发酵罐上再现,说明该工艺具有可放大性。     

表达重组葡激酶-水蛭素融合蛋白的大肠杆菌工程菌的高密度培养

采用溶氧反馈的分批培养流加补料的方法高密度培养重组大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)生产重组葡激酶-水蛭素融合蛋白。通过摇瓶培养对菌种和培养条件的初步筛选,采用溶氧反馈的流加补料策略,进行了5L发酵罐的合成培养基和复合培养基的发酵工艺的研究。通过对培养条件的不断优化,重组葡激酶-水蛭素融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)里得到了高效表达,菌体密度最终达到115g/L(WCW)以上,可溶性重组融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,含量约为1.1~1.2g/L。5L发酵罐的发酵工艺参数在40L发酵罐中进行了放大培养,结果表明该工艺能有效的放大,可适用于工业生产。     

经验放大法对肺炎链球菌规模化发酵工艺条件的研究

目的应用经验放大法探索肺炎链球菌规模化基本发酵工艺条件。方法复苏肺炎链球菌菌种,传代培养,最后接种于30 L发酵罐中,以细菌发酵的培养时间、收获液菌浓度A600 nm值、荚膜多糖产率为指标评价发酵工艺;以纯化多糖的功能基团含量、相对分子质量大小(色谱分配系数KD值)、生物活性为指标评价多糖质量。以4型、19F型肺炎链球菌为首选菌株,用于筛选高产菌株、优化传代方法、培养基及30 L发酵罐的通气条件,并应用经验放大法至270 L及1 200 L发酵罐,并将发酵条件推演到其他血清型肺炎链球菌。结果筛选出肺炎链球菌4型和19F高产菌株,利用市售复合培养基,经3代种子液体-液体传代法,0.03 VVM通气条件下,4型和19F菌株在3 0 L发酵罐中获得良好的培养结果;并采用经验放大法至1 200 L发酵罐,获得良好结果。采用此发酵工艺条件,其他20个血清型肺炎链球菌在1 200 L发酵罐中也获得较理想结果。结论应用经验放大法初步探索了肺炎链球菌在1 200 L发酵罐中的发酵工艺条件。     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成丁二酸及发酵罐放大工艺

【背景】Escherichia coli AFP111发酵生产丁二酸时大量副产乙酸,丁二酸得率低。【目的】代谢工程改造EscherichiacoliAFP111,提高丁二酸得率,降低副产物乙酸的生成,建立100 L规模的丁二酸发酵工艺。【方法】一步同源重组敲除乙酸合成途径关键酶基因,改造丁二酸合成途径关键酶启动子实现过表达;单因素优化5L发酵罐培养条件。【结果】敲除乙酸产生途径编码乙酸激酶和磷酸转乙酰酶的基因ackA-pta、苏氨酸脱羧酶和2-酮丁酸甲酸裂解酶的基因tdcDE获得SX02菌株,摇瓶发酵条件下其乙酸产量下降了53.42%,丁二酸得率提高9.85%。在SX02菌株基础上,经启动子改造过表达编码葡萄糖激酶的基因glk后获得菌株SX03,其Glk酶活性提高3.66倍,乙酸产量下降了31.62%,丁二酸得率提高8.28%。SX03菌株发酵生产丁二酸在5 L发酵罐进行放大,其乙酸产量为3.97 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.62 mol/mol葡萄糖,相比出发菌株的乙酸产量下降了75.76%,丁二酸得率提高19.12%。在5L发酵罐上对比研究了中和剂Na2CO3和NaOH混合液替换碱式MgCO3的发酵效果,并优化了发酵pH、搅拌转速和葡萄糖浓度,获得如下最适发酵条件:pH6.8,搅拌转速250r/min,葡萄糖100g/L,发酵结束时乙酸产量为2.24 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.66 mol/mol葡萄糖。中和剂替换优化后乙酸产量下降了20.65%,丁二酸得率提高2.47%。菌株SX03发酵工艺进一步在100 L发酵罐上实现放大,其乙酸产量为1.91 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.30 mol/mol葡萄糖。【结论】通过代谢工程改造的大肠杆菌,其副产物乙酸含量显著下降,丁二酸得率提高,并在5 L和100 L发酵罐上实现了工艺放大,展现出较大的工业化利用潜力。     

发酵法生产L-精氨酸放大过程的工艺研究

本文报道了L-精氨酸产生菌株钝齿棒状杆菌突变株971．1继摇瓶发酵条件研究后所进行的2．6L台式发酵罐,2 0 0L和2000L通用发酵罐放大试验及其工艺条件研究的结果。试验表明,发酵PH值及供氧强度的合理控制对提高L-精氨酸的积累量非常重要。在所获得的工艺条件下,2000L发酵罐稳产试验的产酸率平均可达29.0mg/ml,最高32.0mg／ml。发酵液中L-精氨酸的提取收率平均为55．9％,最高可达66．04％。产品的质量符合药典标准。本文也对试验结果进行了分析与讨论。     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

应用规模缩小方法的鸟苷发酵过程放大*

利用鸟苷生产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)754#,在50L发酵罐成功优化的基础上,分别在12M^3的中试规模和100M^3的生产规模进行了放大,产苷分别达到29．4g/L和21．4g/L;进而通过过程缩小(scale down)方法,从代谢流动态变化的角度研究了放大过程中存在的问题,发现DO是限制过程放大的另一重要因素,据此将50L规模克服代谢流迁移的优化工艺成功放大到生产规模,使产苦水平进一步提高了18％,达25．2g/L。     

深层液体培养法生产沼泽红假单胞菌

根据沼泽红假单胞菌 (Rhodopseudomonaspalustris)在好氧黑暗条件下也可生长的特性 ,采用液体深层培养方法 ,在通气式发酵罐中进行大规模生产。对培养基中的碳源、氮源、生长因子和微量元素进行了优化 ,用正交试验确定了主要培养基成分的添加量和接种量。在 10 0 0mL三角瓶和 2 5L全自动通气式发酵罐上进行了放大试验 ,在适宜工艺条件下培养 2 4h ,菌体浓度可达 6 0亿 /mL。     

棘白霉素脱酰酶基因工程菌的构建及应用研究

目的:以Streptomyces lividans TK24为表达宿主,构建高效表达棘白霉素脱酰酶(Ech DA)的基因工程菌。方法:从Actinoplanesutahensis NRRL 12052中获取Ech DA的基因片段,连接到链霉菌表达载体p NW-S1,采用诱导型启动子Plac与组成型启动子Perm E*和PSau3A,依次构建基因工程菌株ZNW-S11、ZNW-S12和ZNW-S13。通过分析启动子对Ech DA分泌表达的影响,确定工程菌的表达能力,随后完善发酵放大的工艺过程,将工程菌株发酵放大到300 L发酵罐水平。结果:成功实现了Ech DA在S.lividans TK24中的诱导分泌表达;在摇瓶水平,Ech DA的酶活可达到125U/L,在24h内可实现对15g/L米卡芬净前体FR901379的完全转化;在300L发酵罐水平,Ech DA的酶活可达到80U/L,可用于10g/LFR901379的完全转化。当前,国内在工业生产中仍使用原始菌A.utahensis来表达Ech DA,而开发的Ech DA基因工程菌,与之相比在生产效率上有了大幅度提升,有助于改良当前棘白霉素类抗生素的生产工艺。     

重组戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白工程菌的高密度培养

在10L发酵罐中对戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白在重组大肠杆菌中表达发酵工艺进行了研究,用分批培养方法探讨了不同培养基、培养基中磷酸盐浓度和Mg^2＋浓度等因素对菌体生长与重组蛋白表达的影响;用分批补料培养研究了不同的补料工艺对菌体生长与重组蛋白表达的影响,同时对重组菌诱导时期、诱导持续时间以及不同诱导温度表达包含体在尿素溶液中的溶解性进行了研究。结果表明,在优化后的培养基中,磷酸盐浓度、Mg^2＋浓度分别为80mmol/L 与20mmol/L时菌体生长与表达效果较好;分批补料培养中,37℃培养9h菌体达到对数期中期(约45OD600)为适宜诱导时期,加入终浓度为10mmol/L IPTG后诱导5h,OD600达到80以上,重组蛋白表达量达到29.74％,为最适收获菌体时间;37℃表达的包含体80％以上溶解在4mol/L的尿素溶液中,最终浓度达到14mg/mL; 10L发酵罐中确定的发酵工艺参数在30L发酵罐中进行了放大培养,10L发酵罐中确定的发酵工艺参数在30L发酵罐上具有可放大性与重复性, 可以应用于工业生产。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.