合成促黄体生成素释放激素的类似物(LRH-A)对家鱼催产效果的进一步探讨

人工合成的LRH 类似物(焦谷·组·色·丝·酪·D-丙·亮·精·脯乙基酰胺)对家鱼催情产卵具有催产率高、受精率高、孵化率高的优点,深受广大水产养殖场的欢迎。本文进一步报导在稳定和缩短效应时间、提高催产率等方面的工作,重点研究了鲢鱼对LRH 类似物的敏感性,多年以HCG 催产的“抗药性”,水温变化对效应时间的影响及cAMP-LRH 类似物混合剂的催产效果,并就有关问题进行了讨论。     

池养大鲵的人工催产研究

本文报道了人工培育大鲵亲本的繁殖结果。在养殖条件下,大鲵的性腺可正常发育,大鲵的性成熟年龄为5龄,性周期为一年一次,群体的繁殖高峰期出现在每年的6—8月。使用LRH-A或HCG均可诱导大鲵产卵和排精。群体的性腺发育进程存在明显的个体差异,雄性比雌性的发育时间长10—20d。在繁殖盛期进行人工催产,获产率为60%左右。人工繁育的子代,在培育为亲本时,其性腺发育的个体差异仍然存在。养殖的性成熟个体,在没有受到外源激素作用时,将不会发生自然排卵现象,雄鲵不能挤出精液。在20—23℃下,雌性大鲵的效应时间约为96—120h,雄性可在80h后挤到精液。大鲵的产卵量为400—500粒,平均为430粒。多次产卵个体的产卵量多于初次产卵个体。低剂量的药物催熟,未发现对性腺发育进程和产卵结果有明显的促进作用。     

外源硫化氢对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片有机酸和激素含量的影响

为探讨外源硫化氢(H₂S)对盐碱胁迫下植物有机酸和激素水平的调控效应,以裸燕麦(Avena nuda)为材料,研究喷施50μmol·L^-1H₂S供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)溶液对3.00 g·kg^-1盐碱胁迫下叶片有机酸、激素含量和产量性状的影响。结果表明：盐碱胁迫显著提高了琥珀酸、丁烯二酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖醛酸和总有机酸含量,显著降低了焦谷氨酸、茉莉酸-异亮氨酸(JA-Ile)、反式-玉米素(tZ)和N⁶-(Δ²-异戊烯)腺嘌呤(iP)含量。喷施NaHS溶液显著提高盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中3-羟基-3-甲基谷氨酸、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素A₇(GA₇)、茉莉酸甲酯(MJA)、iP含量和IAA/ABA比值,显著降低葡萄糖醛酸、赤霉素A₃(GA₃)、赤霉素A₄(GA₄)、总赤霉素(GA_S)、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(A...     

北极茴鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育

研究对人工繁殖的北极茴鱼(Thymallus arcticus grubei)胚胎发育开展系统观察,记录分析其胚胎及仔鱼发育各时期的形态特征,旨在为北极茴鱼的人工繁育和种质资源保护提供必要的基础数据。结果显示,北极茴鱼受精卵呈圆球形,金黄色,沉性卵,未吸水卵径(2.46±0.14) mm,吸水卵径(3.14±0.18) mm,卵黄质内有多个油球。油球的数量和空间分布在胚胎发育过程中发生了规律性变化。在孵化水温(11.06±0.72)℃,溶氧8.3—9.8 mg/L条件下,历时301h完成整个胚胎发育过程,所需积温为3384.84h·℃,经历合子期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化出膜7个阶段,共26个时期。北极茴鱼仔鱼尾鳍、胸鳍的分化和眼色素沉积在受精卵胚胎发育后期就已经完成,背鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍和脂鳍等在胚后发育过程中相继分化。其初孵仔鱼平均全长为(9.33±0.35) mm,仔鱼卵黄囊呈圆球形, 18日龄时卵黄囊和油球被完全消耗。其早期发育阶段(0—16日龄)的生长特性符合公式:y=0.0005x⁴–0.0201x³+0....     

宽口光唇鱼胚胎发育的研究

在涪江下游宽口光唇鱼的产卵时间为4—5月,自然产卵水温为17℃—23℃。产卵场位于底质为卵石和砾石的浅水滩,分散产卵,卵弱粘性,金黄色,沉性,卵径1.55—2.11mm,卵膜外径2.27-2.55mm。在水温19.5—21.2℃条件下,胚胎从受精到孵化出膜共历时56h30min,初孵仔鱼全长6.0-6.2mm,肛后长/全长=24.14％,卵黄囊前部为膨大的球形,后部为均匀的棒状。     

水氮组合对冬小麦干物质及氮素积累和产量的影响

于2015—2017年小麦生长季在山东省泰安市农业科学研究院肥城试验基地进行田间试验,供试材料为‘泰山28',在150(A₁)、300(A₂)、450(A₃)、600 m³·hm^-2(A₄)4个灌水量和90(B₁)、135(B₂)、180(B₃)、225 kg·hm^-2(B₄)4个施氮水平下,研究水氮组合对小麦生长发育过程中干物质积累、氮素积累、水分消耗利用、光合特性、籽粒产量等的影响。结果表明: A₃B₃条件下各生育阶段的干物质积累量和氮素积累量,成熟期籽粒干物质和氮素积累量均为最大,花前花后营养器官生产储藏干物质及氮素向籽粒的运输量最高,且与其他水氮组合处理差异显著。各氮素处理下,60~200 cm土层土壤耗水量均为A₃>A₄>A₂>A₁;A₃B₃处理下的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率高于A₃B₄、A₄B₃和A₄B₄。A₃B₃处理显著提高了开花后7~28 d的旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,有利于小麦进行光合作用合成碳水化合物。水氮组合效应显著影响籽粒产量和产量构成,且A₃B₃处理下小麦产量最高,达到9400 kg·hm^-2。综上,450 m³·hm^-2和180 kg·hm^-2的水氮组合处理可以显著提高小麦干物质和氮素积累量,并促进干物质和氮素向籽粒运输,与高水肥处理相比,可以有效提高水分利用效率和氮素利用效率,有利于增强小麦旗叶的光合能力,产生更多的碳水化合物,增加籽粒产量。     

金乌贼繁殖行为与交配策略

2014年6月于室内大型水槽使用摄像系统对金乌贼繁殖过程进行连续观察与记录,通过定性和定量比较分析,解析其繁殖过程中游泳、捕食、求偶、争斗、交配及产卵等行为特征。结果显示:金乌贼游泳主要依靠漏斗喷水的反作用力,持续游泳能力较弱;繁殖期的金乌贼继续摄食,能发现周围20—38 cm范围内的凡纳滨对虾,攻击距离为7—24 cm,能在2.1—6.1 s内完成对对虾的捕获且成功率极高,外源营养为卵(精)巢不同步发育、分批产卵和复杂的繁殖行为继续提供能量支持;金乌贼具明显的求偶行为,规格差异是影响求偶的重要因素,其中雄性亲本更倾向选择与自身规格相当或略小的雌性,而雌性亲本则更倾向于选择大规格(较大规格争斗易获胜)的雄性;金乌贼一次交配持续125—398 s,雄性有明显的精子移除行为和领域性,交配后雄性伴游在雌性周围3—24 cm范围内,不允许其他乌贼靠近,平均伴游61 min后会再次交配。精子移除、伴游以及多次交配是雄性金乌贼有效提高父权贡献率的关键行为基础;研究结果表明,金乌贼采取"多夫多妻"的混交婚配策略,两性亲本均存在多次交配现象,这能有效提高雌雄的生殖成功率和受精卵的遗传多样性。     

壮体沙鳅早期发育及红水河来宾江段资源补充量评估

2017年4月中旬至8月底于红水河来宾江段进行鱼卵、鱼苗监测, 发现壮体沙鳅Botia robusta (Wu, 1939)为所采集鱼卵中的主要优势种。研究对壮体沙鳅卵进行培育、观察并详细记录了14个重要发育期的形态特征。卵膜无黏性, 卵膜径平均为6.8 mm; 鳔一室期, 鱼苗体长为7.1 mm, 身体肌节数为33对。孵出后第20日, 鳍条完全形成、体表色素整体形成, 进入稚鱼阶段。该江段壮体沙鳅的产卵繁殖主要集中在5—6月, 当年补充群体总量估计达2.23×108颗, 然而伴随下游大藤峡水利枢纽的建成其年际补充量将受到严重威胁; 将壮体沙鰍卵的单位捕捞努力量与主要环境因子进行相关性分析, 发现仅水温变动与其产卵动态呈显著性相关（P<0.05）, 现场水温记录表明:水温达到20℃时开始产卵, 水温超过28℃时产卵量明显减少, 且最适产卵温度为22℃。     

亲本繁殖和胚胎孵化温度对斑马鱼孵化表现的影响

亲本效应(parental effect)指亲代的表现型及其所经历的环境因素而非基因型对子代表现型差异和适应性的影响,对子代适合度的维持与提高具有重要生态学意义。为探究亲本效应对鱼类胚胎发育可塑性的影响,本研究选取卵生鱼类斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为实验对象,采用2×2双因素设计,测定了不同亲本繁殖温度(22、28℃)和不同胚胎孵化温度(22、28℃)及其交互作用对斑马鱼孵化表现(孵化率、胚胎死亡率、初孵仔鱼畸形率、孵化历时、初始孵化时间、结束孵化时间)的影响。结果表明：亲本繁殖和胚胎孵化温度交互作用对斑马鱼胚胎死亡率、初始孵化时间、结束孵化时间、孵化历时等均有显著影响(P<0.05),亲本繁殖与胚胎孵化温度相一致时胚胎的死亡率更低、孵化时间更短;斑马鱼孵化表现受亲本效应(代际发育可塑性)和子代发育环境(代内发育可塑性)的双重影响,亲本效应对早期生活史阶段鱼类表型特征的塑造有重要作用。     

不同来源可溶性有机物对亚热带森林土壤CO2排放的影响

采用室内培养法, 比较分析了亚热带地区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)鲜叶及凋落叶浸提得到的可溶性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)组成和化学性质差异对土壤CO₂排放的影响。结果表明: 添加不同来源的DOM后, 土壤CO₂瞬时排放速率在培养第1天内均显著高于对照(添加去离子水) (p < 0.05), 分别比对照增加了91.5% (添加杉木鲜叶DOM)、12.8% (添加米槠鲜叶DOM)、61.0% (添加杉木凋落叶DOM)和113.3% (添加米槠凋落叶DOM), 但培养5天后, 分别下降到对照的24.1%、8.3%、14.6%和13.2%, 随后逐渐趋于平稳。单次添加外源DOM到土壤中, 引起土壤CO₂排放速率增加的强度较大, 但持续时间短暂。培养31天时, 添加不同来源的DOM均对土壤CO₂累积排放量具有显著影响(p < 0.05), 而在培养59天时, 添加杉木鲜叶和凋落叶DOM的土壤CO₂累积排放量均显著高于添加米槠鲜叶和凋落叶DOM的土壤CO₂累积排放量, 但添加相同树种鲜叶与凋落叶DOM的土壤CO₂累积排放量之间差异不显著。培养结束后, 添加杉木鲜叶DOM和杉木凋落叶DOM后增加的土壤碳排放量, 分别是外源添加可溶性有机碳量的1.76倍和2.56倍, 而添加米槠鲜叶DOM和米槠凋落叶DOM后增加的土壤碳排放量只占外源添加可溶性有机碳量的22.5%和50.0%, 表明单次添加不同来源的DOM对土壤总有机碳库的影响是不一致的。     

注射促黄体素释放激素类似物和地欧酮诱导大鳍■和长吻■排卵的研究

对于性成熟的大鳍Ｍｙｓｔｕｓｍａｃｒｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ（Ｂｌｅｅｋｅｒ）野生鱼,单独注射多巴胺的抑制剂地欧酮（ＤＯＭ）不能影响血清促性腺激素（ＧＴＨ）水平,也不能诱导排卵;单独注射类似物ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ,虽能使血清ＧＴＨ水平显著升高,但仅产生较低的排卵率;而当ＤＯＭ与ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ结合注射却显著增强ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ促进血清ＧＴＨ水平升高的作用,并诱导出较高的排卵率。对性成熟的长吻ＬｅｉｏｃａｓｉｓｌｏｎｇｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓＧｕｎｔｈｅｒ野生鱼,使用ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ＋ＤＯＭ作２次注射诱导排卵的效果也与注射ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ加脑垂体这一传统诱导排卵方法相似。Ｌｉｎｐｅ方法（ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ＋ＤＯＭ,作１次或２次注射）避免了采集、保存脑垂体不便给生产带来的麻烦,在科鱼类的人工繁殖中,具有较高的推广价值。     

Interactions of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and LRH on anterior pituitary function

Numerous biochemical pathways influence the synthesis and release of anterior pituitary hormones. Releasing factors extracted from the hypothalamus and prostaglandins (PGs) appear to alter a common biochemical activity, adenyl cyclase, in pituitary cells. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH), prostaglandin (PGE₁), 7 oxa-13-prostynoic acid and cycloheximide were tested for individual and interacting effects on the in vitro release of FSH, LH and prolactin from hemipituitaries of 15 day old female rats. LRH (10 ng/ml) consistently released both LH and FSH in all in vitro experiments and inhibited prolactin release in 1 of 2 experiments. Lower concentrations (5 and 1 ng/ml) also stimulated LH and FSH release but did not influence prolactin release. Concurrent depletion of stored LH and FSH in the gland was observed. PGE₁ in a 6.5 hour incubation increased the storage of LH within the gland in the absence of LRH. In a 1.5 hour incubation in the presence of LRH, storage of LH was also increased. PGE₁ had no effect on LH and FSH release; however, in 1 of 2 experiments it stimulated prolactin release in the absence of LRH. Prostynoic acid stimulated LH and FSH release but did not synergize with LRH action in the same tissue. Cycloheximide did not affect LH release during the first 30 minutes of incubation; however, the release during the subsequent 1 hour was significantly inhibited. Similar tissue also exposed to cycloheximide was still responsive to LRH during the latter 1 hour incubation period. Cycloheximide had no effect on prolactin storage and release from the same tissue.     

诱导大鳍鱯和长吻鮠排卵过程中血清GTH水平的变化

繁殖期从嘉陵江收集性成熟的大鳍■ 和长吻 野生亲鱼,用Ｌｉｎｐｅ方法（即ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ加多巴胺Ｄ２受体拮抗剂地欧酮）或传统的ＬＨＲＨ—Ａ加脑垂体的方法进行催产,定时取血样,用放射免疫方法测定催产过程中血清ＧＴＨ水平的变化,进一步证实鲇形目鱼类ＧＴＨ的分泌受到下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素ＧｎＲＨ和多巴胺的双重调节;排卵和产卵也是以血清ＧＴＨ的急剧升高为先导的,而最终能否排卵还有赖于血清ＧＴＨ峰是否超过“排卵阈值”。尽管催产后的大鳍 和长吻 雄鱼血清ＧＴＨ水平也有一个高峰出现,但血清ＧＴＨ水平升高幅度都大大低于雌鱼,这种现象在硬骨鱼类可能具有普遍性。     

基于线粒体D-loop区的抚仙湖鱇浪白鱼遗传多样性分析

为了解鱇浪白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)种质资源和遗传多样性现状, 采集抚仙湖7个地理群体共计133尾鱇浪白鱼, 基于线粒体D-loop控制区全序列开展遗传多样性分析。结果表明: 鱇浪白鱼D-loop控制区序列的A+T含量(62.28%)高于G+C(37.72%); 共发现变异位点40个, 定义单倍型36个, 整体单倍型多样性指数(H_d)为0.791±0.036, 核酸多样性指数(π)为0.00254±0.00027, 呈“高H_d低π遗传分布”; 抚仙湖西岸各群体(H_d = 0.826—0.846, π=0.00236—0.0031)较东岸各群体(H_d =0.657—0.805, π=0.00204—0.00271)的平均遗传多样性呈现出“西高东低”的分布特征; 其中, 明星鱼洞(MX)群体的鱇浪白鱼单倍型多样性和核酸多样性指数最高, 下坝(XB)群体的鱇浪白鱼单倍型多样性和核酸多样性指数最低; 路岐(LQ)群体与海镜(HJ)群体遗传距离最远(0.00296), 但7个群体遗传分化不显著(F_st=0.01954, P＞0.05); 中性检验(Tajima’s D=–1.73617, P=0.03729; Fu’s F_s=–1.64259, P=0.23943)与核酸错配分布均表明抚仙湖鱇浪白鱼群体未经历种群扩张事件。综上所述, 抚仙湖鱇浪白鱼展现出高单倍型多样性和低核酸性的遗传多样性特征, 可能与线粒体进化速度较快有关; 而鱇浪白鱼扩散式生活史及人工增殖放流可能是造成其群体间遗传分化不显著的主要原因。研究利用线粒体DNA开展了抚仙湖鱇浪白鱼遗传多样性现状的初步评估, 为后续鱇浪白鱼种质资源保护及种业开发提供重要理论依据。     

环境激素睾丸酮和雌二醇对卜氏晶囊轮虫繁殖影响

采用生态学实验方法, 研究睾丸酮(Testoterone)和雌二醇(Estradiol)单一及组合对卜氏晶囊轮虫生命周期中主要发育阶段历时和种群增长率的影响。结果显示: 睾丸酮(T)的48h LC₅₀为9.56 mg/L, 直线回归方程为Y=1.98X+3.06 (R2=0.92); 雌二醇(E) 48h LC₅₀为8.18 mg/L, 直线回归方程为Y=3.53X+1.78 (R2=0.92)。除0.5 mg/L浓度组外, 睾丸酮和雌二醇均显著缩短轮虫平均寿命、减少后代幼体个数以及降低种群增长率(r)。其中8 mg/L睾丸酮与对照组相比显著延长轮虫生殖前期11.71%、平均寿命缩短52.22%, 后代个数减少82.20%; 8 mg/L雌二醇与对照组相比, 生殖前期显著延长7.10%, 平均寿命缩短49.75%, 后代个数减少83.33%。在2种激素定量组合(8 mg/L)实验中, 与对照组相比, 各实验组的生殖前期显著延长34.17%—48.01%, 平均寿命显著缩短31.56%—42.12%, 后代个数明显减少24.44%—80.33%; 第5天, 处理组T₆E₂、T₄E₄、T₈E₀、T₀E₈和T₂E₆的r值比对照组分别降低30.00%、37.14%、41.43%、60.00% 和65.71%。研究结果显示睾丸酮和雌二醇对卜氏晶囊轮虫生长发育及种群增长率有明显影响, 并且卜氏晶囊轮虫对雌二醇表现更为敏感, 2种激素呈现出协同作用。     

Paternal care in rodents: weakening support for hormonal regulation of the transition to behavioral fatherhood in rodent animal models of biparental care

Male rodents that are naturally paternal, like all females, must inhibit infanticide and activate direct parental behavior as they become parents. Males, however, alter their behavior in the absence of parturition, postpartum ovulation and lactation, and therefore do not experience the hormone dynamics associated with such conditions. Paternal males might nevertheless use the same hormones to activate pre-existing maternal behavior pathways in the brain. Positive and inverse associations between prolactin, sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, progesterone), glucocorticoids, oxytocin and vasopressin and paternal behavior are reviewed. Across biparental rodents (Phodopus campbelli, Peromyscus californicus, Microtus ochrogaster, and Meriones unguiculatus), as well as non-human primates and men, hormone-behavior associations are broadly supported. However, experimental manipulations (largely restricted to P. campbelli) suggest that the co-variation of hormones and paternal behavior is not causal in paternal behavior. Perhaps the hormone-behavior associations shared by P. campbelli and other paternal males are important for other challenges at the same time as fatherhood (e.g., mating during the postpartum estrus). On the other hand, each paternal species might, instead, have unique neuroendocrine pathways to parental behavior. In the latter case, future comparisons might reveal extraordinary plasticity in how the brain forms social bonds and alters behavior in family groups.     

Induction of ovarian follicular wave emergence and ovulation in progestin-based timed artificial insemination protocols for Bos indicus cattle

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different inducers of new follicular wave emergence (FWE) and ovulation in fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) synchronization protocols using norgestomet ear implants (NORG) in Bos indicus cattle. In Experiment 1, the synchronization of FWE was evaluated when two different estradiol esters in different doses [2mg estradiol benzoate (EB), 2.5mg EV or 5mg estradiol valerate (EV)] were administered with NORG implant insertion in B. indicus cattle (estrous cyclic heifers and cows with suckling calves; n=10 per treatment). After estradiol treatment, ovarian ultrasonic exams were performed once daily to detect the interval between treatment and FWE. There were significant treatment-by-animal category interaction (P=0.05) on the interval from the estradiol treatment to FWE. An earlier (P<0.0001) and less variable (P=0.02) interval from estradiol treatment to FWE was observed in heifers treated with EB (2.5±0.2; mean±SE) than in those treated with 2.5mg EV (4.2±0.3) or 5mg EV (6.1±0.6). Cows treated with 5mg EV (4.0±0.5) had longer (P=0.05) interval than cows receiving EB (2.5±0.2), however, there was an intermediate interval in those cows treated with 2.5mg EV (3.1±0.4). In Experiment 2, the number of uses of the NORG implant (new; n=305 or previously used once; n=314) and three different ovulation induction hormones [0.5mg estradiol cypionate (EC) at implant removal (n=205), 1mg EB given 24h after implant removal (n=219), or 100μg gonadorelin (GnRH) given at FTAI (n=195)] were evaluated in Nelore heifers (2×3 factorial design). Similar pregnancy per AI (P/AI; 30 days after FTAI; P>0.05) were achieved using each of the three ovulation induction hormones (EB=40.6%; EC=48.3%, or GnRH=48.7%) and with a new (47.2%) or once-used NORG implant (44.3%). In Experiment 3, the effect of different ovulation induction hormones for FTAI [1mg EC at NORG implant removal (n=228), 10μg buserelin acetate at FTAI (GnRH; n=212) or both treatments (EC+GnRH; n=215)] on P/AI was evaluated in suckled beef cows treated with a once-used NORG implant and EB to synchronize the FWE. Similar P/AI (P=0.71) were obtained using GnRH (50.9%), EC (51.8%) or both treatments (54.9%) as ovulation induction hormones. Therefore, both doses of EV (2.5 or 5.0mg) with NORG implant delayed and increased the variation of the day of new FWE compared with EB in B. indicus cattle. These effects were more pronounced in B. indicus heifers than cows. Synchronization protocols for FTAI with either a new or once-used NORG implant with EB at insertion to induce a new FWE and either the use of EB, EC or GnRH as ovulation induction hormones may be successful in B. indicus heifers. Also, when a once-used NORG implant was used, either the administration of EC, GnRH or both as ovulation inducers resulted in similar P/AI in suckled B. indicus cows, showing no additive effect of the combination of both ovulation induction hormones.     

Cannibalism on eggs by dark chub, Zacco temmincki (Temminck & Schlegel) (Cyprinidae)

During spawning male dark chub, Zacco temmincki (Temminck & Schlegel), buried eggs by stirring up the river bed with their anal fins. No parental care was shown for eggs after spawning. Many satellites (both males and females) preyed upon eggs at the instant of spawning. The number of eggs produced is a function of body length [log₁₀ E =−0.273+3.519log₁₀ S , where E is the number of eggs and S is standard length (cm)]. From the size distribution of females that spawned during a reproductive season, the total number of spawning sites used and mean number of eggs per spawning site, at least 97.1% eggs were estimated to be consumed by cannibalism. This marked cannibalism resulted from a lack of parental care and the presence of many satellites produced by the polygynous mating system.     

Recent trends in research on induced spawning of fish in aquaculture

Since 1973, the treatment of sexually mature fish with brain hormones (i. e. neurohormones) in order to induce spawning activity has gradually been replacing the hypophysation, although the latter is still widely used. Some brain-hormone analogues have a hightened spawning-inducing effect. Since the discovery that dopamine inhibits gonadotropic hormone release, dopamine antagonists—pimozide or domperidone—are injected before or together with brain-hormone analogues. This double treatment, i. e. the suppression of dopamine inhibition followed by neurohormone stimulation, has become a current technique in aquaculture. The discovery of the pulsatile release of gonadotropic hormone from the pituitary hints at the possibility of using techniques in which exogenous hormones are injected in pulses. In the past few years, induction of spawning through the control of photoperiod and/or temperature has become increasingly important.     

珠江口花鰶的生物学特征研究

为了解珠江花鰶(Clupanodon thrissa)的生物学特征变化及资源现状, 2020年10月至2021年9月在珠江口广州江段逐月采集花鰶样本共408尾,根据生物学测量、年龄结构分析和组织学等方法,对花鰶的年龄、生长及繁殖特征进行分析。结果表明,雌性花鰶的平均体长为(173.60±17.10) mm,平均体重为(92.30±24.37) g,雄性平均体长为(155.94±15.10) mm,平均体重为(65.81±19.97) g。花鰶种群由0⁺—5⁺龄个体组成,以1⁺—3⁺龄为主,占总样本量的89.03%。花鰶体长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=1×10^-5L^3.0525 (R²=0.9057),为匀速生长类型。采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程描述珠江口花鰶的生长特性,生长参数分别为:渐进体长L_∞=176.14 mm,渐进体重W_∞=71.70 g,生长系数k=0.62,理论生长起点...