我国五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体mtDNA CO Ⅰ基因片段变异分析

三角帆蚌（Hyriopsiscumingii）,隶属于瓣鳃纲（Lamelli—brachia）,真瓣鳃目（Eulamellibranchia）,蚌科（Uionidae）,帆蚌属（Hyriopsis）。三角帆蚌是中国特有的优质淡水育珠母蚌。随着珍珠养殖产业的发展,生产中三角帆蚌种质退化严重,筛选或培育出品质优良的三角帆蚌是当前亟需解决的关键问题之一。我国五大湖鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖、巢湖和洪泽湖是三角帆蚌的主要分布区域,对五大淡水湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性、群体间遗传变异及亲缘关系的研究将对三角帆蚌种质资源保护和良种选育产生重要的意义。     

提高三角帆蚌幼蚌成活率的研究

淡水珍珠生产中提高三角帆蚌幼蚌的成活率是增殖三角帆蚌蚌源的关键之一。为切实解决这一问题。自1974年开始,在南汇县水产养殖场和南汇县老港公社成立一大队育珠组进行了三角帆蚌幼蚌的三期培育工作。到1978年,该蚌的成活率可达60—70％。1976—1978年每年培育量分别为12、20、30万余只。其培育方法为:     

水体Ca2+对三角帆蚌珍珠质沉积的影响

为研究不同水体Ca2+浓度(10-80 mg/L)下三角帆蚌生长和珍珠质沉积量和晶体结构的变化, 采用鱼蚌混养的养殖模式养殖10周。结果表明, 1龄幼蚌生长的适宜Ca2+浓度为40 mg/L, 2龄未植片三角帆蚌生长的适宜Ca2+浓度为40-70 mg/L, 2龄植片三角帆蚌珍珠沉积的适宜Ca2+浓度为40 mg/L。拉曼光谱分析和珍珠层小片的扫描电镜观察结果表明, 适宜Ca2+浓度影响三角帆蚌珍珠质沉积可能是通过促进外套膜组织有机基质分泌从而调节CaCO3晶体形成和生长实现的。研究结果提示, 在三角帆蚌生长快速季节, 养殖水体中添加一定的钙源如生石灰等将有利于蚌体和珍珠的生长。同时研究结果也为加快珍珠培育, 提高珍珠品质提供理论依据和实践操纵手段。     

基于转录组的池蝶蚌系统发育及其遗传分析

池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)和三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的亲缘关系一直存在争议,为了更深入地对淡水珠蚌进行系统发育分析,研究对池蝶蚌及其3个近缘物种三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的转录组进行了比较分析。对它们共有单拷贝同源基因进行多序列联配后计算这4种淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离,结果表明池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌的遗传距离只有0.00746(小于1%),而其他淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离几乎是它的10倍(平均大于6%)。系统发育分析表明,小方蚌亚科与无齿蚌亚科大约在5144万年前发生分歧,而池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌发生分化的时间大约在424万年前。进一步的遗传差异分析鉴定了池蝶蚌转录组中的特有基因,其中KEGG通路富集的结果表明这些基因主要富集在免疫细胞膜分子和蛋白消化吸收等通路上。同时, GO注释结果表明有很多特有基因与池蝶蚌的优良性状相关,如与发育相关的生长发育、系统发育和动物器官发育等生物学过程,及与免疫相关的免疫系统过程、抗原处理和呈递等生物学过程。以上结果表明,池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌具有更近...     

三角帆蚌微卫星多重PCR体系的建立及其应用

为了提高三角帆蚌微卫星分析效率,从已开发的微卫星标记中构建了三组四重PCR,并将稳定的多重PCR体系用于56个三角帆蚌紫色选育系的遗传多样性研究。结果表明该群体的平均等位基因数18.75,平均有效等位基因数为9.010,平均多态信息含量为0.857,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.809和0.876,香农多样性指数为2.422。运用Cervus v3.0软件对3个三角帆蚌全同胞家系共114个个体进行亲子鉴定,结果显示,使用该3组微卫星多重PCR体系进行亲子鉴定准确率为100%。该三角帆蚌微卫星多重PCR应用于三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性分析、亲子鉴定和家系管理等,可提高工作效率,降低实验成本。     

几种淡水蚌外套膜蛋白质氨基酸组成及部分元素分析

测定了三角帆蚌、圆背角无齿蚌、褶纹冠蚌、背视丽蚌外套膜的粗蛋白含量 ,分析了外套膜干粉的氨基酸组成 ,并采用原子吸收光谱法和等离子吸收光谱法测定三角帆蚌、圆背角无齿蚌、褶纹冠蚌外套膜的 12种元素含量。结果表明 :干燥外套膜蛋白质含量为 :三角帆蚌 4 1 34% ,圆背角无齿蚌2 2 0 3% ,褶纹冠蚌 32 14 % ,背视丽蚌 7 78%。这四种淡水蚌外套膜均含有 17种氨基酸。被测的 12种元素中 ,Cu元素含量最高 ,其次是Fe ,Mn ,Mg ,Ca ,Zn ,Cr,而Ni,Co ,Pb ,Hg等元素含量较低。这四种淡水蚌外套膜是一类优质的动物蛋白质资源。     

外来种池蝶蚌与本地种三角帆蚌及其杂交种对三种生态因子的耐受力

为了探索外来种池蝶蚌引入的生态风险,对池蝶蚌(C)与三角帆蚌(S)及其杂交种正交F1(三角帆蚌♀×池蝶蚌♂,SC)、反交F1(池蝶蚌♀×三角帆蚌♂,CS)幼蚌的低氧、干露和重金属汞耐受力进行了比较研究.结果表明:4种幼蚌对低氧、干露和重金属汞均有不同程度的耐受能力.其中CS 的窒息点最低(0.92 mg·L-1),对低氧的耐受力最强,其次是C和SC,窒息点分别为1.04和1.10 mg·L-1,S窒息点最高(1.31 mg·L-1),方差分析表明S与其它3种差异均极显著(P＜0.01),耐低氧能力最弱.C、SC和CS的干露耐受力无明显差异,但要显著强于S(P＜0.01).根据4种幼蚌72 h和96 h对汞的半致死浓度的耐受力由强至弱依次为C＞CS＞SC＞S.表明池蝶蚌的耐受力显著强于三角帆蚌,今后应加强对池蝶蚌的监控和防范力度,以避免对中国的特有种三角帆蚌构成生存威胁.     

三角帆蚌在我场自行繁殖

我场紧跟全国生产的大好形势,本着自力更生的精神,积极开展河蚌育珠工作。我们于1971年从湖南洞庭湖引进一批三角帆蚌,筛选了一批五龄以上的种蚌放入鱼塘繁殖,于1974年7月检查,已自行繁殖幼蚌。利用鱼塘繁殖三角帆蚌,是解决河蚌育珠的蚌源     

三角帆蚌Hc-GSK3β基因鉴定及内壳色性状相关SNP筛选

为了探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)糖原合成激酶-3β(GSK3β)基因对壳色的影响,研究采用RACE技术获得Hc-GSK3β基因cDNA全长1867 bp,其中包含1261 bp的ORF区编码420个氨基酸, ORF中含有一个S＿TKc结构域,该结构域序列高度保守。组织差异表达分析发现Hc-GSK3β基因在紫色蚌鳃、斧足、内脏团和边缘膜组织中表达量高于白色蚌的表达量(P<0.05),且在斧足和边缘膜表达差异水平达到极显著(P<0.01),而在紫色蚌闭壳肌组织中表达量显著低于白色蚌(P<0.05)。原位杂交(ISH)实验结果显示在三角帆蚌外套膜的外褶、中褶、內褶、背膜区和腹膜区均有阳性信号产生,且在外褶的信号表达较强烈。该基因经重测序比较,共鉴定出6个SNP位点,其中在C+185A位点的CA基因型在紫色蚌的分布频率显著高于白色三角帆蚌(P<0.05);在紫色蚌中, T+341G位点TT基因型三角帆蚌内壳颜色参数b值显著低于TG基因型(P<0.05)。研究表明, Hc-GSK3β基因参与了三角帆蚌壳色形成,筛选的SNP标记可用于三角帆蚌壳...     

三角帆蚌CypA基因的克隆及其在嗜水气单胞菌感染后的表达分析

为研究亲环蛋白A (Cyclophilin A, CypA)在三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)免疫系统中的作用,研究利用PCR与RACE技术克隆获得三角帆蚌CypA基因全长cDNA序列(基因序列登录号:MN121742)。三角帆蚌CypA基因cDNA序列全长1237 bp,其5′非编码区(UTR)长度为57 bp, 3′非编码区长度为688 bp,三角帆蚌CypA基因的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF)长度为492 bp,编码164个氨基酸, CypA蛋白质理论等电点为8.9,相对分子量为17.29 kD。在GenBank中进行同源序列检索,三角帆蚌CypA氨基酸序列与其他贝类CypA的相似性依次为池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)(99.39%)、青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)(77.44%)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)(78.05%)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)(78.66%)和大竹蛏(Solen grandis)(75.05%)。通过SWISS-MO...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.