粒细胞集落刺激因子对全身炎症反应综合征中细胞因子的影响

目的:对粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)在全身炎症反应综合征及其治疗中的作用和机制进行初步的探究.方法:腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立全身炎症反应综合征的小鼠动物模型后,将BALB/c模型小鼠随机分为生理盐水(NS)、50 μg/m2重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)、200 μg/m2rhG-CSF、400 μg/m2 rhG-CSF四组,进行脾淋巴细胞的分离,通过RT-PCR、ELISA等方法检测共刺激分子和炎症相关因子在不同组别中的表达.结果:各RHG-CSF组的炎症相关因子表达有不同程度下调.诱生性共刺激分子(ICOS)表达下调,同时杀伤性T细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)的表达量明显上调.作用最明显的是200μg/m2 rhG-CSF组.结论:rhG-CSF对于全身炎症反应综合征有一定的治疗作用且存在剂量依赖性.     

共刺激分子对全身炎症反应综合征中细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)中相关共刺激分子的表达及其调控因素,并对共刺激分子在全身炎症反应综合征发展及治疗中的作用及机制进行初步探究.方法:腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立全身炎症反应综合征的小鼠动物模型后,将BALB/c模型小鼠随机分为生理盐水(NS)、LPS、CD28+LPS三组,进行脾淋巴细胞的分离,通过RT-PCR、ELISA等方法检测共刺激分子在不同组别中的表达.结果:经CD28活化型单克隆抗体(CD28mAb)刺激后的BALB/c小鼠组中共刺激分子CD40配体(CD40L)、杀伤性T细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)的表达量较生理盐水组明显增高.结论:共刺激分子CD28对于全身炎症反应综合征有促进的作用.     

蝮蛇咬伤全身性炎症反应综合征的治疗

提高对蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征的认识,了解加强治疗对预后的影响,方法随机将１９９４－１９９９年１０月的７６例蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征（ＳＩＲＳ）患分为加强治疗组３８例,对照组３８例;从治疗过程,治疗前后对比结果进行分析。结果加强组治疗后的ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分、死亡风险度、痊愈率、并发症均明显优于对照组。结论加强治疗蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征,能明显缓解危重病情,减少并发症,降低死亡风     

TNF-a、IL-6在全身炎症反应综合征表达的研究进展

全身炎症反应综合征（Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS）是机体对多种细胞因子和炎症介质所产生的全身反应。由于感染、创伤、组织坏死和组织缺血等原因,诱发的一种系统性炎症反应,使机体处于高代谢、高动力循环及低外周血管阻力等状态。过度的炎性反应表现为高氧耗量、高通气量、高血糖、蛋白代谢增加、负氨平衡及高乳酸血症等。     

肾盂灌注冲洗并发全身炎症反应综合征猪模型的建立

目的:建立一种肾镜下肾盂灌注冲洗并发全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的猪模型。方法:家猪10头,随机分为假手术组和模型组,每组按时间点分为基础状态(Basic)、术后0h、术后6h、术后12h和术后24h 5个亚组。猪肾穿刺造瘘,利用自体盲肠内容物加入肾盂冲洗液中,模拟经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)持续肾盂灌注冲洗1h。每个时间点观测肛温(T)、呼吸(RR)、心率(HR);采血行血细胞计数分析(WBC、RBC、PLT)、肾功能(Cr、BUN、β2-MG)测定、血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α含量测定;用光镜和电镜观察肾脏组织病理变化。结果:模型组在术后6 h-24 h各项指标与假手术组相比变化明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。模型组肾脏组织光镜和电镜下观察病理切片均较假手术组有明显的形态学改变。结论:本模型较好地模拟了临床病人PCNL并发SIRS的病理生理过程,为进一步研究其发病机制和预防治疗具有重要意义。     

IL-6基因多态性与小儿全身炎症反应综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞介素-6（Interleuk in-6,IL-6）基因多态性与小儿全身炎症反应综合征（system ic inflamm atory response syndrom e,SIRS）的关系。方法 30例SIRS患儿为SIRS组,随机挑选30例健康体检的小儿为对照组,采用限制片段长度多态分析聚合酶链反应方法（PCR/RFLP）对2组儿童的IL-6基因的-174位点和-572位点基因进行分析;并应用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测2组儿童的血清IL-6水平,观察基因型对血清IL-6水平的影响。结果 IL-6基因-572位点基因型和等位基因频率在2组间分布差异有统计学意义,SIRS组GG基因型和G等位基因频率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;携带G等位基因个体患SIRS的风险约是C等位基因型个体的6.84倍（OR95%CI：2.62～17.89,P〈0.05）;G等位基因携带者IL-6血清含量显著高于CC基因携带者（P〈0.05）。IL-6基因启动子-174位点在SIRS组与对照组中只发现GG基因型,CG和CC基因型在2组中均未发现;SIRS组IL-6血清水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论 IL-6基因-572C/G多态性可能是中国汉族儿童SIRS发病的遗传危险因素之一,血清IL-6水平可能受其基因多态性的影响。而IL-6基因-174G/C多态性与中国汉族儿童SIRS发病可能不具有相关性。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9 与全身炎症反应综合征研究进展

全身炎症反应综合征是引发多器官功能障碍综合征的主要原因,而其发生的关键环节是血管内皮细胞的损伤。内皮细胞外基质是内皮细胞生存的依托,其主要成分为IV型胶原。基质金属蛋白酶-9可以降解IV型胶原,破坏内皮细胞外基膜。本文综述了基质金属蛋白酶-9与全身炎症反应的关系。     

TNF-α、IL-6在全身炎症反应综合征表达的研究进展

全身炎症反应综合征(Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)是机体对多种细胞因子和炎症介质所产生的全身反应.由于感染、创伤、组织坏死和组织缺血等原因,诱发的一种系统性炎症反应,使机体处于高代谢、高动力循环及低外周血管阻力等状态.     

蛇伤危重症的护理

毒蛇咬伤危重症患者,病情凶险,症状复杂,生命体征变化快,容易造成多个系统器官功能衰竭,如得不到及时有效的救治,往往会延误病情,严重威胁患者的生命安全,因此．医护人员应全面了解其病情特点及护理措施。现将我们抢救成功的16例毒蛇咬伤危重症患者的护理体会报告如下。     

抗菌减毒法救治蝮蛇咬伤致全身性炎症反应综合征与多脏器衰竭

全身性炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)是由感染或创伤等引起的 ,以过量细胞因子或炎症介质释放为特征的一系列全身性反应。我院自 1 980～ 2 0 0 1年共收治蝮蛇咬伤 3 4 5 2例 ,其中并发 SIRS的共有 2 4 6例 ,经及时抗菌减毒加强治疗并发多脏器功能衰竭(MODS) 48例 ,使 MODS发生率、病死率明显下降 ,其疗效满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　 2 4 6例 SIRS患者中 ,男 1 2 6例 ,女 1 2 0例 ,男女之比为 1 .1∶ 1 ;年龄 3～ 76岁 ,其中 1 8～ 5 0岁的青壮年居多。蝮蛇咬伤至就诊时间 :1～ 5 h3例 ,6～ 1 0 h1 2例 ,1 1～ 2 0 h2 0…     

SIRS评分预测急诊科抢救室病人预后的临床研究

目的探讨全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）评分对预测急诊科抢救室危重病人预后的意义。方法对急诊科抢救室救治的596例病人进行SIRS评分,分析不同SIRS评分病人的住院率、病死率,评价SIRS评分与病人住院率、病死率的相关性。结果随着SIRS分值的增加,病人住院率与病死率亦增加;SIRS评分≥2分时,病人住院率和病死率均明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 SIRS评分系统作为一种简单的评分系统,能够初步预测急诊科抢救室危重病人的预后,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Biomarkers in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis supplemented with high-dose selenium

ObjectiveLow levels of selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), a key selenoenzyme, were documented in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, both associated with high mortality. Se supplementation had mixed effects on outcome. We hypothesized that Se supplementation could have a different impact on biomarkers and 28-day mortality in patients with SIRS vs. sepsis.MethodsAdult patients with SIRS or sepsis were randomized to either high-dose (Se+, n = 75) or standard-dose (Se−, n = 75) Se supplementation. Plasma Se, whole blood GSHPx activity, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), prealbumin, albumin and cholesterol levels were measured serially up to day 14.ResultsThere was no difference in mortality between Se− (24/75) vs. Se+ group (19/75; p = 0.367) or between SIRS and septic patients (8/26 vs. 35/124; p = 0.794). There was a trend to reduced mortality in SIRS patients in the Se+ vs. Se− group (p = 0.084). Plasma Se levels increased in the Se+ group only in patients with sepsis but not in patients with SIRS. Plasma Se levels correlated with GSHPx. In SIRS/Se+ group, Se correlated only with GSHPx. In SIRS/Se− group, Se correlated with cholesterol but not with other biomarkers. In sepsis patients, Se levels correlated with cholesterol, GSHPx and prealbumin. Cholesterol levels were higher in survivors in the Se− group.ConclusionsSe levels correlated with GSHPx activity and other nutritional biomarkers with significant differences between SIRS and sepsis groups. High-dose Se supplementation did not affect mortality but a strong trend to decreased mortality in SIRS patients warrants further studies in this population.     

Glycyrrhizin inhibits the manifestations of anti-inflammatory responses that appear in association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-like reactions

In association with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), anti-inflammatory response syndrome is commonly manifested in patients with trauma, burn injury, and after major surgery. These patients are increasingly susceptible to infection with various pathogens due to the excessive release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from anti-inflammatory effector cells. Recently, CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) found in the sera of mice with pancreatitis was identified as an active molecule for SIRS-associated anti-inflammatory response manifestation. Also, the inhibitory activity of glycyrrhizin (GL) on CCL2 production was reported. Therefore, the effect of GL on SIRS-associated anti-inflammatory response manifestation was investigated in a murine SIRS model. Without any stimulation, splenic T cells from mice 5 days after SIRS induction produced cytokines associated with anti-inflammatory response manifestation. However, these cytokines were not produced by splenic T cells from SIRS mice previously treated with GL. In dual-chamber transwells, IL-4-producing cells were generated from normal T cells cultured with peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from SIRS mice. However, IL-4-producing cells were not generated from normal T cells in transwell cultures performed with PMN from GL-treated SIRS mice. CCL2 was produced by PMN from SIRS mice, while this chemokine was not demonstrated in cultures of PMN from SIRS mice treated with GL. These results indicate that GL has the capacity to suppress SIRS-associated anti-inflammatory response manifestation through the inhibition of CCL2 production by PMN.     

Proteomic tools against the neglected pathology of snake bite envenoming

This article covers the application of proteomic tools (‘venomics’, ‘antivenomics’ and ‘venom phenotyping’) to study the composition and natural history of snake venoms, and the cross-reactivity of antivenoms with homologous and heterologous venoms, to help address the neglected pathology of snake bite envenoming. The identification of evolutionary and immunological trends may help to replace the traditional geographic- and phylogenetic-driven hypotheses for antivenom production strategies with a more rational approach based on proteome phenotype and immunological profile similarities. Antivenomics and venom phenotyping may also contribute to expand the clinical range of currently existing antidotes.     

蛇毒清合剂治疗金环蛇咬伤的疗效观察

目的观察蛇毒清合剂对金环蛇咬伤的临床疗效。方法将71例病人分为治疗组35例,对照组36例。两组均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服蛇毒清合剂,并比较两组患者伤后48h的血清酶学三项（CK、LDH、AST）及治疗5天后的疗效、治疗结束时的疗程及呼吸衰竭发生率。结果两组患者临床疗效比较有显著性差异,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）,酶学三项和疗程、呼吸衰竭发生率均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论蛇毒清合剂对金环蛇咬伤有显著疗效。     

毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的机械通气救治6例

目的 探讨机械通气救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法 用机械通气救治6例毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭患者。结果 气管内插管是最佳的气道开放方法;控制通气时,理想的参数为潮气量12ml/kg,通气频率20次／分,呼吸比1：2,吸氧浓度0. 4;辅助通气是,压力支持通气为0.3-1.5kPa,触发敏感度为－3mmH2D。气管插管者辅助通气4－6h后撤机及拔管可获得成功。结论 气管内插管及机械通气是救治毒蛇咬伤致急性呼吸衰竭的最有效的方法。     

毒蛇咬伤的预防及院前急救调查与分析

目的了解蛇伤患者对蛇咬伤的预防知识及院前自救情况,为指导蛇伤防护工作提供依据。方法随机抽取我院2010～2011年急诊收治的173例蛇伤患者,通过问卷调查及交谈法,了解蛇伤患者对蛇习性、防护措施、蛇咬伤后的反应及处理情况。结果蛇伤患者对蛇习性了解情况不乐观,采取防护措施不到位,急救处理不科学。结论应加强蛇伤防护工作的宣传,改善院前急救情况。     

血小板计数在五步蛇咬伤中的临床意义

目的探讨血小板计数在五步蛇咬伤临床治疗中的指导意义。方法对2006年3月至2009年12月我院收治的77例五步蛇咬伤病人在运用抗蛇毒血清治疗时对病人的血小板计数进行动态监测。蛄果患者入院时的血小板计数越低,抗蛇毒血清用量越大,呈负相关。结论在五步蛇咬伤治疗中,血小板计数可指导抗蛇毒血清的应用剂量。在应用抗蛇毒血清后血小板计数仍较低者．常提示抗蛇毒血清的用量不足,需追加剂量。