缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂和脂肪氧化酶2.3的大豆新品种——中黄16的选育

大豆新品种中黄16（原名中作96－952）,是中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所利用缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂的高产、优质,抗花叶病毒病（SMV）的高代材料ti15176作母本,美国引进优良品种Century近等基因系,脂肪氧化酶缺失的优质材料Century-2.3作父本进行有性杂交,采用未变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Native-PAGE）技术及等电聚焦聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（IEF－PAGE）技术,对杂种代胰蛋白酶抑制剂（Ti)、脂肪氧化酶（Lox)进行缺失检测及多年辅助选择育成,该品种于1999－2000年参加北京市夏播大豆区域试验,2001年参加北京市夏播大豆生产试验,2002年4月通过北京市品种审定委员会审定。其出特点是高产,稳产,优质（蛋脂双高、蛋白质含量高且蛋白质品质优异－－缺失Ti和Lox2.3),抗花叶病毒病,综合性状优异,是国内第一个缺失Kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂且缺失脂肪氧化酶2．3的三缺（Lox2.3,ti）优质大豆新品种。     

黑河38号大豆品种的选育和遗传组成

利用遗传基础丰富的优良中间材料为亲本,配制杂交组合,选育出早熟、高产、适应性广的大豆新品种黑河38号,审定2年种植面积即达20万hm2。分析了黑河38号的遗传组成,核基因来源于十胜长叶、阿姆索等4份国外品种,盖家屯四粒荚、金元等5份农家品种以及1份育成品种和1份当地野生大豆,细胞质来源于克山白眉。     

无腥味大豆种质创新与利用

大豆是植物油和植物蛋白的主要来源,但大豆蛋白中含有3种结构不同的脂肪氧化酶同功酶,是产生豆腥味的根源,使大豆利用及加工受到限制。从1994年开始我们进行大豆脂氧酶缺失基因的转育与种质创新研究,目前获得了一批综合农艺性状优良的低腥味材料,其中绥无腥豆1号已于2002年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并开始应用于生产和加工领域。     

牡豆8号祖先亲本追溯及遗传解析

牡豆8号是黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院选育的高油、高产大豆品种,具有高产、抗旱、优质等特点,受到农民的欢迎。本文通过对其亲本进行追溯,建立系谱树,分析其亲本的地理来源及核遗传贡献率,揭示其遗传基础,为大豆育种亲本的选择利用提供参考。结果表明:牡豆8号属于四粒黄细胞质家族,传递过程是:四粒黄→黄宝珠→满仓金→克5501-3→绥农3号→绥农4号→绥农8号→垦农19→牡豆8号。核基因由祖先亲本农大4840、克山四粒荚、小粒豆9号、十胜长叶、Amsoy、四粒黄、金元、白眉、永丰豆、小粒黄、黄-中-中20和佳木斯秃夹子共同提供,核遗传贡献率分别是:25.00%、15.23%、12.50%、12.50%、7.81%、7.28%、7.28%、5.96%、3.13%、2.34%、0.78%和0.20%;选择亲本时,母本往往选择在当地有广泛适应性的主栽品种,而父本则选择融入地理远缘基因和生态远缘基因的桥梁亲本;品种遗传基础狭窄仍然是限制大豆育种进展的瓶颈问题。     

无腥味大豆种质创新与利用

大豆是植物油和植物蛋白的主要来源,但大豆蛋白中含有3种结构不同的脂肪氧化酶同功酶,是产生豆腥味的根源,使大豆利用及加工受到限制。从1994年开始我们进行大豆脂氧酶缺失基因的转育与种质创新研究,目前获得了一批综合农艺性状优良的低腥味材料,其中绥无腥豆1号已于2002年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并开始应用于生产和加工领域。     

河南大豆遗传多样性的ISSR分析

用ISSR标记技术对10个大豆品种进行遗传多样性分析.从44条随机引物中筛选出8个多态性引物,共扩增出89条带,其中有55条为多态性条带,多态性比率为61.8%,条带大小为220~1 500 bp,平均每个引物可扩增出11条带.Shannon多样性指数评价结果表明,平均多样性指数为0.286 5,观察等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为1.618和1.300 8;统计分析结果表明,10个品种间的相似系数为0.60~0.75,平均相似系数为0.69;聚类分析结果表明,10个大豆品种可聚成2组:第一组包括豫豆15、豫豆11、豫豆24、周豆12和周豆11;第二组包括豫豆22、周豆13、豫豆6、中作98-3和豫豆26;主成分分析结果支持聚类分析结果.本研究为大豆品种鉴定和种质资源利用奠定了基础.     

美国大豆资源利用与高油大豆合丰57的创新

利用美国高油大豆种质资源Hobbit与本单位自主创新的高油大豆品种合丰42号杂交,对其后代材料F2进行辐射诱变处理,经过多年连续定向选择和利用先进的品质分析与病害鉴定技术,创新出既高油又高产、抗病的大豆新品种合丰57。该品种油分含量22.87%,黑龙江省区域试验平均产量2431.4kg/hm2,较对照品种合丰47号平均增产13.8%;生产试验平均产量2119.7kg/hm2,较对照品种合丰50号平均增产11.6%。     

优异种质资源克4430-20在黑龙江省大豆育种中的应用

本文分析了克4430-20的来源及特征特性,研究了克4430-20作为优异亲本的利用情况及其衍生品种的生产应用情况.研究结果表明,克4430-20是黑龙江省衍生品种最多的大豆种质资源之一,以其作直接或间接亲本共衍生42个高产大豆品种.1个品种获国家科技进步二等奖,1个品种获国家科技进步三等奖,4个品种获省科技进步二等奖,2个品种获省科技进步三等奖.克4430-20在育种中的成功应用,说明优异大豆种质资源的创新对大豆育种至关重要,选择配合力高的亲本进行杂交组配可有效提高大豆的育种效率.     

双抗双高夏大豆种质鲁99-2的选育

优良种质创新是大豆新品种选育的关键。经过近20年的中间种质创新、亲本筛选、抗性选育、鉴定和品质检验等研究,育成了双抗双高的夏大豆优良种质鲁99-2。其对大豆胞囊线虫1、3、5号生理小种的抗性均为1级;对大豆花叶病毒y6株系的抗性也为1级;籽粒脂肪含量平均为22．09％,高值为22．67％;蛋白质含量平均为43．29％,高值为45．0％;蛋白质和脂肪合计含量平均为65．38％,高值达66．40％。鲁99-2的育成说明创造和利用优良种质、选择适宜的杂交亲本和采用有效的选育方法等对大豆育种至关重要。     

冀豆四号的选育与创新利用

冀豆4号是邯郸市农业科学院通过有性杂交选育出的集优质、高产、抗病和适应性广等优良性状于一体的大豆品种。该品种于1990年获得国家科技进步三等奖。利用冀豆4号及其衍生材料,通过杂交育种、诱变等手段,河北、山西、陕西3省育成了16个品种通过省审或国审,其中国审品种7个、高油品种5个,脂肪含量为21.79%~23.97%。育成的品种适宜我国黄淮和北方两大大豆主产区种植,在大豆生产中发挥了重要作用。冀豆4号在育种上的广泛应用,证明其不仅是一个优良品种,也是难得的优异种质。筛选和培育优异种质是大豆品种选育的前提,也是大豆研究的重要基础性工作。     

The effect of murine B16F10 melanoma on the biodistribution of 99mTc-MDP in male C57BL/6J mice.

The biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic imaging can be altered by a wide variety of factors. We studied the effect of murine B16F10 melanoma on the biodistribution in mice of 99mTechnetium-methylenediphosphonic acid (99mTc-MDP). Viable B16-F10 cell lines (1 x 10(5)) were inoculated subcutaneously in the dorsal region of 8-12 week-old male isogenic C57BV/6j mice. 14-16 days after inoculation, 99mTc-MDP was injected in the ocular plexus and after 0.5 hr the animals were rapidly sacrificed. The organs and tumor were isolated, the mass determined and the percentage per gram of injected activity (%ATI/g) calculated. The results shown that the %ATI/g:i/ has not been altered in inguinal lymph nodes, prostate, pancreas, testis, seminal vesicle, bladder, kidney, stomach, small intestine, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, brain and muscle; but ii/ significantly decreased in thyroid, bone, blood and liver. In conclusion, the B16F10 melanoma can alter the 99mTc-MDP uptakes in some organs.     

Trajectories of Childhood Weight Gain: The Relative Importance of Local Environment versus Individual Social and Early Life Factors

Objective

To determine the association between local environmental factors with child weight status in a longitudinal study, using a semi-parametric, group-based method, while also considering social and early life factors.

Methods

Standardized, directly measured BMI from 4–10 y of age, and group-based trajectory modeling (PROC TRAJ) were used to estimate developmental trajectories of weight change in a Québec birth cohort (n = 1,566). Associations between the weight trajectories and living location, social cohesion, disorder, and material and social deprivation were estimated after controlling for social and early life factors.

Results

Four weight trajectory groups were estimated: low-increasing (9.7%); low-medium, accelerating (36.2%); medium-high, increasing (43.0%); and high-stable (11.1%). In the low-increasing and medium-high trajectory groups, living in a semi-urban area was inversely related to weight, while living in a rural area was positively related to weight in the high-stable group. Disorder was inversely related to weight in the low-increasing group only. Other important risk factors for high-stable weight included obesity status of the mother, smoking during pregnancy, and overeating behaviors.

Conclusions

In this study, associations between local environment factors and weight differed by trajectory group. Early life factors appear to play a more consistent role in weight status. Further work is needed to determine the influence of place on child weight.     

Morphological Changes in Rat Uterus Tissues under the Action of Progestins and Antiprogestins of the Pregna-D"-pentaran Series

Changes in the uterus morphology of mature female rats were studied on the model of pseudopregnancyafter treatment with the progestin 16,17-cyclohexanoprogesterone (PR) and the antirpogestins 5(H)-16,17-cyclohexano-4,5-dihydroprogesterone (APR1) and 5(H)-16,17-cyclohexano-4,5-dihydroprogesterone (APR2). The rats were preliminarily estrogenized with 17-estradiol at a dose of 1 g/(animal day) for 4 days and then treated with PR at a dose of 0.2 mg/(animal day) for 14 days. The first group was then left without any treatment, whereas APR1 and APR2 were injected at the dose of 0.2 mg/(animal day) for 4 days to the animals of the second and the third groups, respectively. Light and electron microscopy of the uterus preparations demonstrated that the PR action provoked a complete pseudopregnancy picture characterized by the endometrium functionalization and the myometrium hypertrophy. Subsequent treatment with APR1 and APR2 caused the hypertrophy to cease, which had a more pronounced effect in the case of APR2. At the same time, some indications of the endometrium functionalization remained observable after treatment with APR1 and APR2. The specific binding sites for ³H-labeled APR1 and APR2 were absent from the uterus cytosol for the rats gestagenized with PR.     

穗颈维管性状与产量相关性状的遗传分析

穗颈维管性状是实现"源"合成的同化物输送至籽粒中的唯一通道.本研究利用来源于籼稻93-11(受体)和粳稻日本晴(供体)构建的染色体片段代换系群体,调查穗颈维管性状与穗部产量性状.结果表明,大部分穗颈维管性状与穗部产量性状呈显著相关;7个穗颈维管性状共检测到42个QTL,其中16个位点日本晴等位基因起增效作用;6个穗部产...     

利用Gal4/ VP16- UAS 和双荧光素酶报告基因 系统检测??- 分泌酶活性

目的：确立基于Gal4／vp16-UAS和双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测γ-分泌酶切割淀粉样前体蛋白活性的方法。方法：将插入上游激活序列（SAS）和萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因的质粒MH100,嵌舍酵母活性转录因子（Gal4）、单纯疱疹病毒蛋白（VP16）和γ-分泌酶切割位点的质粒C99-GVP,以度海肾荧光素酶质粒pRL—CMV,用脂质体转染法转入稳定表达淀粉样前体蛋白C末端的人神经母细胞瘤细胞（SH—SYSY）,用免疫沉淀Western blot分析法检测β-淀粉样蛋白（邶）的生成,利用Gal4／vp16-UAS和双荧光素酶报告基因系统测定荧光素酶报告基因的表达。结果：免疫沉淀Westem blot分析表明A（的生成在γ-分泌酶激活荆神经节苷脂GM1作用下升高并呈剂量依赖性,同时双荧光素酶法检测γ-分泌酶活性也同步升高。在γ-分泌酶抑制荆作用下Aβ的产生呈荆量依赖性的减少,同时γ-分泌酶活性也同步降低。结论：基于Gal4／vp16-UAS和双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测γ-分泌酶活性的方法有效可靠,是一种敏感、定量的检测方法。     

Linkage relationship between retinoschisis and four marker loci

Summary The linkage relationship between the locus for juvenile retinoschisis (RS) and four X-chromosomal marker loci DXS9 (RC8), DXS16 (XUT23), DXS41 (99-6), and DXS43 (D2) has been studied in six families showing a history of this disease. Recombination with RS was found for all marker loci except DXS9. The maximum lod score is =2.66 for RS vs. SXS9 at a recombination fraction of =0.0. Multipoint linkage analysis was performed and the locus order best supported by our data is: RS-DXS9-DXS43-DXS16-DXS41.     

红皮洋葱"昌激99-3"的激光诱变选育

采用两种激光的三种剂量,分别辐照两个红皮洋葱品种的种子,从He-Ne和c02激光辐照云南元谋本地洋葱的变异后代中选育出高产、优质、多抗、适应性较强的红皮洋葱新品种“昌激99．3”,经专家组实地验收667m^2产量达9186．7kg,属红皮洋葱经专家正式验收的全国最高产量。     

小麦未成熟胚诱生大量绿苗的研究初报

根据6个春麦品种及4个冬麦品种的试验结果,提高诱导小麦未成熟胚绿苗率的关键是:(1)掌握最适宜的接种时间,并要求幼胚的盾状组织朝上放置。(2)诱导愈伤组织的培养基(A)的最佳配方为MS培养基,3％蔗糖,245-T 2mg/J,IAA0.4mg/J,激动素0.2 mg/J,琼脂0.75％,pH5.7。主要改动是以245-T代替2,4-D,并提高IAA的浓度。新方法的愈伤组织诱导率高达85—100％,以幼胚为计算基础的绿苗诱导率为84—99％,每个萌动的幼胚一般可产生健壮的绿苗16—20株。     

Effects of prenatal multimicronutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis

Background

Reduced intake of micronutrients during pregnancy exposes women to nutritional deficiencies and may affect fetal growth. We conducted a systematic review to examine the efficacy of prenatal supplementation with multimicronutrients on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles published in English up to December 2008. We also searched the bibliographies of selected articles as well as clinical trial registries. The primary outcome was low birth weight; secondary outcomes were preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age infants, birth weight and gestational age.

Results

We observed a significant reduction in the risk of low birth weight among infants born to women who received multimicronutrients during pregnancy compared with placebo (relative risk [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.91) or iron–folic acid supplementation (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93). Birth weight was significantly higher among infants whose mothers were in the multimicronutrient group than among those whose mothers received iron–folic acid supplementation (weighted mean difference 54 g, 95% CI 36 g–72 g). There was no significant differences in the risk of preterm birth or small-for-gestational-age infants between the 3 study groups.

Interpretation

Prenatal multimicronutrient supplementation was associated with a significantly reduced risk of low birth weight and with improved birth weight when compared with iron–folic acid supplementation. There was no significant effect of multimicronutrient supplementation on the risk of preterm birth or small-for-gestational-age infants.Nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of the fetus. Studies of the nutritional status of pregnant women during the Dutch famine revealed increased risks of infertility, abortion, fetal intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal mortality among malnourished women.¹ In many parts of the world, a similar situation exists for many pregnant women with respect to nutrition. Overall, the diet of pregnant women has been reported to be deficient in calories and micronutrients.² Both macro- and micronutrients are important for a woman to sustain pregnancy and for appropriate growth of the fetus.The exact mechanisms of how supplementation with micronutrients can affect pregnancy outcomes are not completely understood. Possible mechanisms for beneficial effects include a generalized improvement in the immune function of women, with a reduced incidence of infections and subsequent reduced incidence of preterm birth;³ improved energy metabolism and anabolic processes in the mother, with a reduced incidence of fetal intrauterine growth restriction;³ improved ability to respond to stress;³ expansion of plasma volume secondary to fluid retention, with subsequent improvements in fetal growth;⁴ improved hemoglobin levels;⁵ and increased absorption of iron related to intake of vitamin C and riboflavin, with subsequent improvement in hemoglobin levels.⁵Potential disadvantages include adverse interactions of micronutrients when supplied in combination;⁶ enhanced or reduced absorption of one nutrient by other nutrients (e.g., interaction between iron and vitamin C, and iron and zinc);⁷ deleterious effects on the fetus and the mother from overdose of any one component (e.g., vitamin A overdose);⁶ and cost.⁶Potential barriers include the lack of well-defined government policies on maternal health and nutrition.⁶ A multicomponent approach has been criticized from the standpoint that some micronutrients may be necessary, some may not be needed and some may even be harmful.² Generalized or mass supplementation with multimicronutrients may have different effects on pregnancy outcomes depending on the underlying nutritional status of the women.On the basis of a systematic review performed in 2005, the World Health Organization currently recommends iron–folic acid supplementation for all pregnant women.^8,9 The review reported that multimicronutrient supplementation during pregnancy were more efficacious than 2 or fewer micronutrients in reducing the rates of low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age births. However, when multimicronutrients were compared with iron–folic acid supplementation, no evidence of a difference was noted.⁷ Further research in this area was encouraged because information was derived from a few reports. Since then, several randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of multimicronutrients and have reported varied results. With advancement in our knowledge from recently reported trials,¹⁰ we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of supplementation with multimicronutrients during pregnancy in reducing the rates of low birth weight, preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age births compared with placebo or iron–folic acid supplementation.     

Cytological identification of an isotetrasomic in rice and its application to centromere mapping

The aneuploid with isochromosome or telochromosome is ideal material for exploring the position of centromere in lingkage map.For obtaining these aneuploids in rice,the primary trisomics from triplo-1 to triplo-12 and the aneuploids derived from a triploid of indica rice variety Zhongxiao 3037 were carefully investigated.From the offsprings of triplo-10,a primary trisomic of chromosome 10 of the variety,an isotetrasomic “triplo-10-1” was obtained.Cytological investigation revealed that a pair of extra isochromosomes of triplo-10-1 were come from the short arm of chromosome 10.In the offsprings of the isotetrasomic,a secondary trisomic “triplo-10-2”,in which the extra-chromosome was an isochromosome derived from the short arm of chromosome 10,was identified.With the isotetrasomic,secondary trisomic,primary trisomic and diploid of variety Zhongxiao 3037,different molecular markers were used for exploring the position of the centromere of chromosome 10.Based on the DNA dosage effect,it was verified that the molecular markers G1125,G333 and L169 were Located on the short arm,G1084 and other 16 available molecular markers were on the long arm of chromosome 10.So the centromere of chromosome 10 was located somewhere between G1125 and G1084 according to the RFLP linkage map given by Kurata et al[1].The distance from G1125 to G1084 was about 3.2cM.