不同嫁接方法对印度枣成活率的影响

印度枣嫁接最适时期在每年4~6月份。低月龄小砧最适宜采用切接法;对2年生以上结果树,可采用短枝腹接法和芽接法进行品种更新换代。     

罗汉果嫁接繁殖研究

采用1—3年生青皮砧木,用镶枝接、嵌合接、劈接和腹接法嫁接,成活率为67.86～81.82％,以镶枝接最好。用长滩、拉江和青皮接穗嫁接,成活率为60—80％,以拉江接穗最好。嫁接苗早期结果,接后90天80—88％的植株结果并保持原品种优良类型。     

不同苗龄接穗的西瓜嫁接体愈合过程中的3种酶活性变化

用贴接法嫁接西瓜品种早佳(8424)和砧木葫芦品种将军的结果表明:接穗苗龄越大,嫁接成活率越低.多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性嫁接初期较高,以后变化平稳;大苗龄接穗嫁接体的PPO活性较高.嫁接初期过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性升高,以后呈下降趋势,木质素合成和维管组织分化阶段再度升高.     

秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建技术分析

为提高秃杉产量及促进早实,为今后秃杉种植提供更加优良的种子,昌宁县自1986年开始着手进行秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建,并选择25-60a生优树40株作为母树。在种子园建设过程中采用高位嫩枝髓接法和高位嫩枝髓切接法,至1990年年底已先后嫁接秃杉无性系单株1.1万余株,嫁接成活率在88%以上,植株正冠率在95%以上,当前整个无性系种子园已进入结实初期阶段。本文将对秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建技术进行总结。     

一种新的植物靠接法——腹靠接

靠接法由于接穗在嫁接时不离开母体,所以成活率比一般枝接及芽接都高。通常用于嫁接不易成活树种,特别是对于一些珍稀树种用此法比较可靠。本人经过多年试验,摸索出一种新的靠接方法——腹靠接,做法如下: 接穗处理 在接穗相对于砧木的一侧光滑处用刀斜向上切一接口,切口长约3厘米,斜切深度达接穗直径的1/3处。     

萝卜和球茎甘蓝的顶芽根接法试验

十字花科蔬菜植物,在营养生长期间,茎部并不向上伸长。因此,这些植物在这期间通过茎接法进行嫁接教养,就比较困难。为了克服这种困难,作者除试验了一种花序嫁接法外,于1953年冬又对于萝卜和球茎甘蓝,利用它们的特殊器官(膨大的根和茎),而设计试验了一种顶芽根接法,结果获得了成功。方法的设计是根据萝卜和球茎甘蓝在形态组织上的特殊结构,即它们的次生木质部(萝卜)或椭部(球茎甘蓝)都非常发达,具有大量的薄壁细胞,尤其是     

激光诱导优质高产大豆育种

采用连续输出功率为10mw的He-Ne激光对大豆种脐进行辐照,激光光斑为φ2mm,照射时间为1分钟。将辐照了激光的种子按行距65厘米,株距12厘米进行播种。待大豆出苗、生长到结荚期时,选取植株茎粗的为砧木,选取结荚多的接穗,采用绿枝退接法进行嫁接,嫁接后要精心管理。秋收精选出籽粒饱满、粒径大的作为种子。在1999年进行繁育,于2000年进行了大田种植实验,秋收比对照增产30％。     

黄瓜贴接苗砧木子叶淀粉代谢的动态变化特征

该研究以黄瓜品种‘中农18号’、南瓜砧木品种‘京欣砧5号’为试验材料,以南瓜自根苗(P)和去除1片子叶及生长点的南瓜苗( /P)为对照,采用单子叶贴接法进行黄瓜/南瓜异体嫁接(C/P)和南瓜/南瓜自体嫁接(P/P),测定嫁接后砧木子叶形态指标和淀粉代谢的动态变化,分析嫁接后去除砧木子叶对嫁接苗生长发育的影响,以揭示砧木子叶淀粉代谢在黄瓜嫁接苗生长中的作用,为黄瓜嫁接苗的壮苗培育提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)贴接后,C/P、P/P和 /P砧木子叶鲜质量和面积显著增大,且增加量依次递减,表现为 /P > C/P > P/P > P。(2)贴接后,C/P和P/P砧木子叶中淀粉含量在嫁接后0~3 d时降低,之后迅速升高,至嫁接后13 d再次逐渐降低,且C/P砧木子叶淀粉含量及其淀粉分支酶(SBE)和水解酶(β AL)活性均显著高于P/P。(3)在嫁接后0~10 d 去除砧木子叶可显著抑制C/P嫁接苗接穗和根系生长,减弱根系活力,同时降低根系可溶性糖含量及其CWIN、HXK基因表达水平,并以嫁接后0 d 去除砧木子叶的抑制效果最显著。研究表明,黄瓜C/P单子叶贴接苗中,砧木子叶作为贮存器官,在幼苗生长早期以淀粉形式储存光合产物,之后淀粉水解成单糖为嫁接苗接穗和根系快速生长提供物质和能量。     

果树单芽切接法

单芽切接法具有省接穗、工效高等优点,它是以往嫁接方法的一项改进。具体操作方法见图示。 取芽 在接穗枝条饱满芽背面的芽下约0.5厘米处向下削一长口,长约0.8至1.5厘米,相反方向削一长0.4至1厘米的短削面,两削面的夹角掌握在30°至45°。然后在接芽的上方0.5厘米处剪断,接穗段长约1.5至3厘米。     

蟹爪兰、仙人掌——“嫁接”教学演示的好材料

九年义务教育初中三年制生物教材第一册（上）在“营养繁殖”一节中介绍了植物营养繁殖的３种常用方法：扦插、压条和嫁接。在进行有关“嫁接”内容的教学时,我们选用盆栽蟹爪兰和仙人掌进行嫁接演示实验,取得了较好的教学效果。１制作砧木选长势较好的盆栽仙人掌一棵,...     

猕猴桃嫁接试验

本文报道猕猴桃不同嫁接时期、嫁接方法和不同分类群的砧木试验结果,猕猴桃最适宜的嫁接时期是落叶后至翌年萌芽前,嫁接方法以切接为好,嫁接成活率均在90％以上。同种和同一分类群的砧穗间有良好的亲和力,嫁接均有较高的成活率。不同分类群间嫁接效果较差,如中华猕猴桃桂海4号嫁接于中华猕猴桃砧木上的成活率,生长情况均比嫁接其它分类群为砧的有显著差异。     

Structural and functional evaluation of modifications in the composite skin graft: cryopreserved dermis and cultured keratinocytes.

Structural and functional aspects of modifications in the composite skin graft consisting of cultured keratinocytes and cryopreserved dermis were determined. Cryopreserved human cadaveric dermis separated from skin by short and mild trypsinization was compared with dermis obtained by prolonged incubation in medium and with fresh dermis obtained by the same methods. All types of dermis were shown to retain normal ultrastructure and topographic organization, as detected by scanning and transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence analysis. However, in fresh skin, the layers were more firmly attached, mechanical separation was more difficult, and residual epidermis often remained attached to the dermis. Keratinocytes attached better, began replication earlier, and generally reached higher cell numbers when cultured on trypsinized dermis than on medium-treated dermis. The performance of several modifications in the reconstitution and grafting procedures of the composite skin graft after transplantation to athymic mice was examined. Cultured epidermis combined onto trypsinized or medium-treated whole and meshed dermis, dermis pregrafted and allowed to take before transplanting epidermis on top, and keratinocytes grown into multiple epithelia on top of trypsinized meshed or whole dermis prior to grafting. The best grafting results were obtained with an "instant" reconstituted skin model: multiple epithelia grown in vitro combined immediately before grafting onto meshed trypsinized dermis. The transplantation results of this modification were significantly better than those of all the other modifications, including initial growth of keratinocytes into multiple epithelia on top of trypsinized dermis prior to grafting.     

提高沙田柚茎尖嫁接成活率的研究

研究了可以影响沙田柚茎尖嫁接成活率的部分因素。结果表明 :当沙田柚接穗选择带 4个叶原基的茎尖、枳壳砧木选择黑暗培养 1 4d的实生苗或培养基中蔗糖浓度选择 7.5 %时各自的嫁接成活率较高。若在茎尖嫁接切口外缠绕 parafilm胶可令成活率明显增加。若在培养基中加入 GA3、6-BA和 IBA则明显抑制嫁接成活率。GA3、6-BA和 IBA处理接穗和砧木均可提高嫁接成活率 ,其中以 1 0 mg/L GA3处理效果最好 ,嫁接成活率可达 45 % ;6-BA和 IBA处理虽然也可提高嫁接成活率 ,但是同时又增加了接穗的脱落死亡率。     

Comparison of different techniques for inoculation of "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" on apple and periwinkle in biological indexing procedure

As phytoplasmas are non cultivable micro-organisms, the research on phytoplasmal diseases can only be achieved with infected hosts. Biological indexing (by grafting) is the simplest detection method for phytoplasmal diseases. We tested four different grafting techniques for inoculation of apple trees or periwinkles in greenhouse, including whip graft, bark graft, budding and chip-budding. All techniques were tested on apple trees (six trees per phytoplasma isolates) in insect-proof greenhouse. The whip and bark grafting were not feasible for periwinkle plants, because of fineness and fragility of their tissues: only the chip-budding was performed (four plants per isolate). In apple trees, the best and soonest positive results were obtained by chip and bark grafting. Except for seven transplants not-grown after grafting, 100% efficiency of inoculation was obtained by both methods. Nevertheless, the transmission of phytoplasma from transplant not-grown to rootstock was sometimes recorded (28.6%). The earliest phytoplasma symptoms after whip or bark grafting appeared after 3 months. Symptoms were obtained much later with budding and chip-budding. In case of periwinkles, infected apple and periwinkle materials were used as inoculum sources. Transmission of phytoplasma from periwinkle to periwinkle was successfully carried out by chip-budding grafting. The symptoms were observed during the second month after inoculation. The transmission of phytoplasma from infected apple material to periwinkle (by chip-budding) was achieved for 60 % of the tested samples. Moreover, the latency period before symptom observation was longer. Finally, we perceived the apple trees are more convenient and rapid than periwinkle plants for biological indexing of apple materials.     

外源激素对沙田柚茎尖微嫁接成活率的影响

外源激素可对沙田柚茎尖微嫁接成活率产生显著影响.若在培养基中加入一定浓度的GA3、6-BA或IBA,均会明显抑制微嫁接的成活率;若直接利用这三种激素以合适的浓度处理砧木和接穗,则会不同程度地提高微嫁接的成活率.三者之中以10mg/LGA3的促进作用最为明显,微嫁接的成活率可达45%,6-BA和IBA处理虽然也能提高微嫁接的成活率,但它们又同时增加了接穗的脱落死亡率.     

他克莫司乳膏联合治疗白癜风的疗效评价

目的:通过比较自体表皮移植术联合他克莫司和传统自体表皮移植术治疗白癜风的疗效,明确他克莫司乳膏对白癜风复色率的影响。方法:回顾性分析自体表皮移植术联合他克莫司和传统自体表皮移植术治疗的稳定期白癜风患者共90例,比较其均匀复色时间和疗效。结果:表皮移植术联合他克莫司组起效时间显著性短于单一表皮移植术组(P<0.05),1月、3月的显效率和痊愈率均明显高于单一表皮移植术组(P<0.05)。单一表皮移植术组颈部的疗效相比于头面部、躯干部、四肢更佳(P<0.05),表皮移植术联合0.1%他克莫司软膏外用治疗(相对于单一表皮移植术)可显著性提高位于四肢的皮损的疗效(P<0.05)。相较于单一表皮移植术而言,表皮移植术联合他克莫司对提高节段型和局限型白癜风疗效显著(P<0.05)。然而,他克莫司联合治疗可提高散发型和肢端型白癜风的疗效,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表皮移植术联合他克莫司组和单一表皮移植术组中,男性疗效均高于女性,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:自体表皮移植术联合0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风的疗效优于单一自体表皮移植术,他克莫司可有效提高白癜风复色。     

Experimental study of results of nerve suture under tension vs. nerve grafting.

Evoked electromyograms and myelinated fiber caliber histograms were used to compare the results of end-to-end nerve suture and nerve grafting, performed with an operating microscope. The best results were achieved after direct suture without tension. Direct suture under a tension of 25 grams produced results sometimes comparable the that of the zero tension group, but mostly quite inferior to those and even to the grafted group. The regeneration of axons in the nerve graft group was delayed more than in the sutured groups, but by the tenth month the number of regenerating fibers had increased with stable and comparatively good results. After a nerve suture under a tension of 25 grams, there is impairment of the blood flow at the suture site, and the results are not as good. In such situations I believe nerve grafting should be performed. This amount of tension also seems to be the limit which will allow accurate coaptation of a nerve by microsurgical techniques.     

Modification of high-lignin softwood kraft pulp with laccase and amino acids

This study demonstrates the potential of laccase-facilitated grafting of amino acids to high-lignin content pulps to improve their physical properties in paper products. Research studies have recently reported that increases in anionic fiber charge can improve strength properties of paper. In an effort to increase carboxylic acid groups, we developed a unique two-stage laccase grafting protocol in which fibers were initially treated with laccase followed by grafting reactions with amino acids. The bulk acid group content was measured, and a variety of amino acids including glycine (Gly), phenylalanine (Phe), serine (Ser), arginine (Arg), histidine (His), alanine (Ala), and aspartic acid (Asp) were examined. The effects of optimizing laccase dose, and amino acid structures, on fiber modification chemistry were studied. Histidine provided the best yield of acid groups on pulp fiber, and was used for the preparation of handsheets for physical strength testing. Laccase-histidine treated pulp showed an increase in strength properties of the resulting paper.