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1.
Capel CS de Souza AC de Carvalho TC de Sousa JP Ambrósio SR Martins CH Cunha WR Galán RH Furtado NA 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(9):1493-1498
The goal of this study is to produce oleanolic acid derivatives by biotransformation process using Mucor rouxii and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. The microbial transformation was carried out in shake flasks
at 30°C for 216 h with shaking at 120 rpm. Three new derivatives, 7β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 7β,21β-dihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic
acid, and 3β,7β,21β-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, and one know compound, 21β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, were
isolated, and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the substrate
and its transformed products was evaluated against five oral pathogens. Among these compounds, the derivative 21β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic
acid displayed the strongest activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is a primary etiological agent of periodontal disease. In an attempt to improve the antimicrobial activity of the
derivative 21β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, its sodium salt was prepared, and the minimum inhibitory concentration
against P. gingivalis was reduced by one-half. The biotransformation process using M. rouxii has potential to be applied to the production of oleanolic acid derivatives. Research and antimicrobial activity evaluation
of new oleanolic acid derivatives may provide an important contribution to the discovery of new adjunct agents for treatment
of dental diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. 相似文献
2.
Łukasz Kuźma Zuzanna Skrzypek Halina Wysokińska 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100152-100160
Hairy root culture of Salvia sclarea L. was established following infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. The culture was grown in growth regulator-free half-strength B5 Gamborg medium with 30 g l−1 sucrose and was investigated with respect to its capability of producing diterpenoids and triterpenoids. Four diterpenoids
(ferruginol, salvipisone, aethiopinone and 1-oxoaethiopinone) and two ursene-type triterpenoids (2α,3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid and 2α,3α,24-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid) were isolated from the hairy roots. The presence of three sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol), as well as oleanolic and ursolic acids was also shown by GC–MS analysis. The quantitative
and qualitative differences in diterpenoid and triterpenoid production patterns between hairy roots grown in the light and
in the dark were described. 相似文献
3.
Faramarzi MA Yazdi MT Jahandar H Amini M Monsef-Esfahani HR 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(9):725-733
The strain of Acremonium strictum PTCC 5282 was applied to investigate the biotransformation of androst-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (I; ADD). Microbial products obtained were purified by preparative TLC and the pure metabolites were characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic features (13C NMR, 1H NMR, FTIR, MS) and physical constants (melting points and optical rotations). The 15α-Hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3,17-dione (II), 17β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (III), androst-4-en-3,17-dione (IV; AD), 15α-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (V), 15α,17β-dihydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (VI) and testosterone (VII) were produced during this fermentation. Formation of the 15α,17β-dihydroxy derivative of ADD is reported for the first time during steroid biotransformation. The bioconversion reactions observed were 1,2-hydrogenation, 15α-hydroxylation and 17-ketone reduction. From the time course profile of this biotransformation, ketone reduction and 1,2-hydrogenation were observed from the first day of fermentation while 15α-hydroxylation occurred from the third day. Optimum concentration of the substrate, which gave the maximum bioconversion efficiency, was 0.5 mg ml−1 in one batch. The highest yield of the microbial products recorded in this work was achieved within the pH range 6.5–7.3 and at the temperature of 27 °C. 相似文献
4.
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a valuable food source which has gained importance in many countries of the world. The plant contains various bitter-tasting
saponins which present an important antinutritional factor. Various triterpene saponins have been reported in C. quinoa including both monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic triterpene saponins of oleanolic acid, hederagenin, phytolaccagenic acid,
and serjanic acid as the major aglycones and other aglycones as 3β-hydroxy-23-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-27-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic
acid, and 3β, 23α, 30β-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid. A tridesmosidic saponin of hederagenin has also been reported.
Here we review the occurrence, analysis, chemical structures, and biological activity of triterpene saponins of C. quinoa. In particular, the mode of action of the mono- and bidesmosidic triterpene saponins and aglycones are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Stolz A Haines N Pich A Irvine KD Hokke CH Deelder AM Gerardy-Schahn R Wuhrer M Bakker H 《Glycoconjugate journal》2008,25(2):167-175
Drosophila melanogaster has two β4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, β4GalNAcTA and β4GalNAcTB, that are able to catalyse the formation of lacdiNAc (GalNAcβ,4GlcNAc).
LacdiNAc is found as a structural element of Drosophila glycosphingolipids (GSLs) suggesting that β4GalNAcTs contribute to the generation of GSL structures in vivo. Mutations in Egghead and Brainaic, enzymes that generate the β4GalNAcT trisaccharide acceptor structure GlcNAcβ,3Manβ,4GlcβCer,
are lethal. In contrast, flies doubly mutant for the β4GalNAcTs are viable and fertile. Here, we describe the structural analysis
of the GSLs in β4GalNAcT mutants and find that in double mutant flies no lacdiNAc structure is generated and the trisaccharide GlcNAcβ,3Manβ,4GlcβCer
accumulates. We also find that phosphoethanolamine transfer to GlcNAc in the trisaccharide does not occur, demonstrating that
this step is dependent on prior or simultaneous transfer of GalNAc. By comparing GSL structures generated in the β4GalNAcT single mutants we show that β4GalNAcTB is the major enzyme for the overall GSL biosynthesis in adult flies. In β4GalNAcTA mutants, composition of GSL structures is indistinguishable from wild-type animals. However, in β4GalNAcTB mutants precursor structures are accumulating in different steps of GSL biosynthesis, without the complete loss of lacdiNAc,
indicating that β4GalNAcTA plays a minor role in generating GSL structures. Together our results demonstrate that both β4GalNAcTs
are able to generate lacdiNAc structures in Drosophila GSL, although with different contributions in vivo, and that the trisaccharide GlcNAcβ,3Manβ,4GlcβCer is sufficient to avoid the major phenotypic consequences associated with
the GSL biosynthetic defects in Brainiac or Egghead. 相似文献
6.
V. A. Andrushina A. V. Druzhinina V. V. Yaderets T. S. Stitsenko N. E. Voishvillo 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2011,47(1):42-48
Transformation of 16 Δ5-3β-hydroxy- and Δ4-3-ketosteroids of androstane and pregnane classes was carried out using Curvularia lunata mycelium suspended in phosphate buffer with methyl-β-cyclodextrine (MCD). As the result, 20 monohydroxy- and dihydroxy-metabolites,
whose structure was determined using spectra of proton magnetic resonance and mass-spectra, have been isolated. Hydroxylation
of Δ5-3β-hydroxy-steroids occurred mostly in the C-7α position whereas hydroxylation of Δ4-3-ketosteroids was in the C-11β position. Only androst-4-en-3,17-dione, 9α-hydroxy-androstenedione, and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione
were hydroxylated at C-14α position. Besides main 11β-derivatives, the 6β- and 7β-hydroxy-derivatives with yield 10 and 30%,
respectively, were isolated during transformation of progesterone and hydroxymethyl pregnadienone. The ratio of MCD to transforming
steroid was 1: 1 (mol/mol). Hydrocortisone and 7α-hydroxyandrostenolone with the yield 55 and 77%, respectively, were obtained
at the maximal concentrations of cortexolone 20 g/l and androstenolone acetate 10 g/l in the presence of MCD. Absorption of
steroids on mycelium, lower speed of their transformation, low concentrations of modifying substrates, and low yield of hydroxyderivatives
have been observed in the absence of MCD. 相似文献
7.
Linton SM Greenaway P Towle DW 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2006,176(4):339-348
The potential ability to produce cellulase enzymes endogenously was examined in decapods crustaceans including the herbivorous
gecarcinid land crabs Gecarcoidea
natalis and Discoplax hirtipes, the amphibious freshwater crab Austrothelphusa transversa, the terrestrial hermit crab, Coenobita variabilis the parastacid crayfish Euastacus, and the crayfish Cherax destructor. The midgut gland of both G. natalis and D. hirtipes contained substantial total cellulase activities and activities of the cellulase enzymes endo-β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucosidase.
With the exception of total cellulase and β-glucosidase from D. hirtipes, the enzyme activities within the midgut gland were higher than those within the digestive juice. Hence, the enzyme activities
appear to reside predominantly within midgut gland, providing indirect evidence for endogenous synthesis of cellulase enzymes
by this tissue. A 900 bp cDNA fragment encoding a portion of the endo-β-1,4-glucanase amino acid sequence was amplified by
RT-PCR using RNA isolated from the midgut gland of C. destructor, Euastacus, A. transversa and C. variabilis. This provided direct evidence for the endogenous production of endo-β-1,4-glucanase. The 900 bp fragment was also amplified
from genomic DNA isolated from the skeletal muscle of G. natalis and D. hirtipes, clearly indicating that the gene encoding endo-β-1,4-glucanase is also present in these two species. As this group of evolutionary
diverse crustacean species possesses and expresses the endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene it is likely that decapod crustaceans generally
produce cellulases endogenously and are able to digest cellulose. 相似文献
8.
The leaves of the common box,Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae), become red as the level of a red carotenoid,anhydroeschscholtzxanthin, increases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kazuko Ida Kazumori Masamoto Takashi Maoka Yasuhiro Fujiwara Satomi Takeda Emiko Hasegawa 《Journal of plant research》1995,108(3):369-376
Carotenoids from the leaves of the common box,Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae), which turn red in late autumn to winter, were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. A novel carotenoid, monoanhydroeschscholtzxanthin
(3), was isolated from the red-colored leaves. UV-VIS, MS,1H-NMR and CD spectral data showed that the structure of 3 was (3S)-2′, 3′, 4′, 5′-tetradehydro-4, 5′-retro-β, β-caroten-3-ol.
As well as anhydroeschscholtzxanthin (2), the major red carotenoid in the leaves, eschscholtzxanthin (4) was identified. Very
small amounts of yellow carotenoids (neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β-carotene), which are major components of green
leaves, were present in the red-colored leaves. The amounts of chlorophylla andb in the leaves decreased markedly during coloration, even at the early stages, whereas those of the yellow carotenoids decreased
gradually. In contrast, the content of 2, a red carotenoid, increased steadily during coloration. The biosynthetic pathway
of 2 inB. sempervirens was deduced tentatively on the basis of the individual carotenoid contents during autumnal coloration. 相似文献
9.
T. V. Malyarenko A. A. Kicha N. V. Ivanchina A. I. Kalinovsky P. S. Dmitrenok A. V. Smirnov 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2010,36(6):755-761
Thirteen steroidal compounds including three new polyhydroxysteroids, (24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholestane-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol, (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-hexaol, and (22E,24R,25S)-24-methyl-5α-cholest-22-ene-3β,4β,6α,8,15β,16β,26-heptaol, have been isolated along with ten previously known polyhydroxysteroids
from the tropical starfish Asteropsis carinifera collected near the coast of Vietnam. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (mainly
2D NMR and ESI mass spectrometry). 相似文献
10.
S.-C. Hu K. Hong Y.-C. Song J.-Y. Liu R.-X. Tan 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(1):115-121
A marine Streptomyces sp. 060524 capable of hydrolyzing the glycosidic bond of isoflavone glycosides, was isolated by detecting its β-glucosidase activity. 5 isoflavone aglycones were isolated from culture filtrates in soybean meal glucose medium. They were
identified as genistein (1), glycitein (2), daidzein (3), 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavone (4), and 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (5), based on UV, NMR and mass spectral analysis. The Streptomyces can selectively hydroxylate at the 3′-position in the daidzein and genistein to generate 3′-hydroxydaidzein and 3′-hydroxygenistein,
respectively. The Strain biotransformed more than 90% of soybean isoflavone glycosides into their aglycones within 108 h.
3′-hydroxydaidzein and 3′-hydroxygenistein exhibited stronger cytotoxicity against K562 human chronic leukemia than daidzein
and genistein. 相似文献
11.
Osamu Takenaka Mika Hotta Akiko Takenaka Yoshi Kawamoto Bambang Suryobroto Edy Brotoisworo 《Primates; journal of primatology》1987,28(1):87-98
The monkeys on the island of Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, comprise seven species ofMacaca, that isM. maura, M. tonkeana, M. hecki, M. nigrescens, M. nigra, M. ochreata, andM. brunnescens. Hemoglobins from 248 individuals of these seven species were analyzed by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEFE) and
by starch gel electrophoresis in the presence of urea (USGE). Eighteen phenotypes consisting of eight molecular types were
identified by IEFE analysis. The speciestonkeana inhabiting the central part of the island revealed 11 phenotypes, while peripheral species such asnigrescens andbrunnescens carried only 3 and 2 phenotypes, respectively.
On USGE, three α chains and three β chains were identified and named α1, α2, and α6, and β1, β3, and β5, respectively. The
α1 chain has the same mobility as the α chains of other macaques, while the α2 chain is less positively charged than α1, and
α6 is the least positive among these α chains. The α2 chain is widely distributed in the Sulawesi macaques as the major component.
Four species,ochreata, tonkeana, maura, andnigrescens, carried the α1 and α6 chains as minor components. The electrophoretic mobility of β1 was the same as that of other macaques,
while β3 and β5 were more positively charged and less positively charged than β1, respectively. All of the Sulawesi species
had β3 in high or low gene frequencies and inmaura, tonkeana, andbrunnescens, this type was most abundant. β5 chain existed in the species of the northern peninsula, as the major type. The subordinate
type was β3 innigra andnigrescens and β1 inhecki. On the other hand, β1 was most frequently observed inochreata. 相似文献
12.
García-Martos P Marín P Hernández-Molina JM García-Agudo L Aoufi S Mira J 《Mycopathologia》2001,150(1):1-4
The extracellular enzymatic activity of 36 strains of yeast belonging to 11 species of the genus Cryptococcus, has been investigated, using the API-ZYM (BioMérieux, France) commercial system, with the objective of determining the differences
in the enzymatic profiles of the various species. The strains studied were : 9 of C. neoformans, 7 of C. albidus, 6 of C. laurentii, 5 of C. uniguttulatus, 3 of C. humicolus, and 1 each of C. ater, C. curvatus, C. dimennae, C. hungaricus, C. infirmo-miniatus and C. magnus. All the strains showed enzymatic activity with positivity to Phosphatase alkaline, Esterase lipase C8, Leucine arylamidase,
Phosphatase acid and Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, and negativity to Lipase C14, Trypsin, Chemotrypsin, β-galactosidase,
β-glucuronidase and α-manosidase. Variable enzymatic activity was shown to Esterase C4, Valine arylamidase, Cystine arylamidase,
α-galactosidase,α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and α-fucosidase. This allowed 11 separate enzymatic
patterns to be established. The species C. neoformans and C. laurentii each presented two distinct patterns; C. uniguttulatus, C. hungaricus andC. magnus shared the same pattern; C. albidus, C. ater, C. curvatus,C. dimennae, C. humicolus and C. infirmo-miniatus presented an individual enzymatic pattern. The results obtained suggest that the API-ZYM system could be useful for the identification
of species of the genus Cryptococcus and for the differentiation of the enzymotypes for epidemiological purposes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Merete Grung Frances M. L. D'Souza Michael Borowitzka Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen 《Journal of applied phycology》1992,4(2):165-171
Aplanospores ofHaematococcus pluvialis MUR 145 contained 0.7% carotenoids (dry wt. basis) consisting of β,β-carotene (5% of total carotenoid), echinenone (4%),
canthaxanthin (4%), (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin diester (34%), (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin monoester (46%), (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin (1%) and (3R,3′R,6′R)-lutein (6%).
The astaxanthin esters were examined by TLC and HPLC and VIS,1H NMR and mass spectra recorded. Their chirality was determined by the camphanate method (Vecchi & Müller, 1979) after anaerobic
hydrolysis.
The tough cell wall of the aplanospores required enzymatic treatment prior to pigment extraction. The potential use of this
microalga as a feed ingredient in aquaculture is discussed briefly. 相似文献
14.
Eun Ha Lee S. A. Popov Joo Young Lee A. V. Shpatov T. P. Kukina Suk Woo Kang Cheol-Ho Pan Byung Hun Um Sang Hoon Jung 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2011,37(5):569-577
Aldose reductase (AR) is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway. AR has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis
of diabetic complications. Ursolic acid and fourteen synthetic derivatives with ursane skeleton were tested for recombinant
human aldose reductase (rhAR) inhibitory activity for development of diabetic complications. Among them, N-(3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-4-aminobutyric acid (XV) showed most potent rhAR inhibitory activity in vitro. Inhibition mode of N-(3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-4-aminobutyric acid (XV) was tested uncompetitively by kinetic analysis using the Lineweaver-Burk plots. Ursolic acid derivative N-(3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-4-aminobutyric acid is able to inhibit rhAR uncompetitively and could be offered as a lead compound
for AR inhibition. 相似文献
15.
A new full-length β-1,3-glucanase cDNA, MpGlu, was isolated from a plantain (Musa paradisica) by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Recombinant GST-MpGlu protein, expressed in E. coli, hydrolyzed (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucan of Laminaria digitata and inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense (race 4) suggesting that it is a β-1,3-glucanase. Southern blot analysis indicated that there is one copy of MpGlu in the plantain genome. MpGlu gene expression was detected in plantain leaves, peel, and pulp by RT-PCR. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression
of MpGlu was up-regulated by Fusarium infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that 28 residues at the N-terminal end are necessary for extracellular secretion, while 32 residues at the C-terminal end are necessary to target the protein into vacuoles. 相似文献
16.
Methyl ent-17-hydroxy-16β-kauran-19-oate was fed to a 2-day-old culture of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, fermenting at room temperature (25 °C) in an orbital shaker (2 l). After 11 days, both broth and mycelia were extracted
with ethyl acetate. Two novel compounds were isolated from this experiment: methyl ent-9α,17-dihydroxy-16β-kauran-19-oate and methyl ent-7α,17-dihydroxy-16β-kauran-19-oate. Their structures were fully confirmed by spectroscopic methods.
Received: 22 July 1999 / Received revision: 2 November 1999 / Accepted: 12 November 1999 相似文献
17.
Éverson Miguel Bianco Ricardo Rogers Valéria Laneuville Teixeira Renato Crespo Pereira 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(3):341-346
This paper reports the antifouling properties of the dichloromethane crude extract (DC) and 3 pure compounds isolated from
the Brazilian brown seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis against establishment of the mussel Perna perna. DC extract showed a strong inhibition activity against byssal threads. Two natural dolastanes and one seco-dolastane diterpene, namely (4R, 9S, 14S)-4α-acetoxy-9β,14α-dihydroxydolast-1(15),7-diene (1), (4R,7R,14S)-4α,7α-diacetoxy-14-hydroxydolast-1(15),8-diene (2) and isolinearol (3), were isolated from DC extract. Dolastane (1) inhibited 60% of byssal fixation, while compound 2 and the seco-dolastane (3) strongly inhibited (82%) the establishment of P. perna. This is the first report of this type of chemical skeleton in three powerful compounds that could be further explored for
the development of antifouling technology. 相似文献
18.
Kunijiro Yoshitama Tomoyuki Kawasoe Nariyuki Ishikura 《Journal of plant research》1993,106(3):223-227
From the blue seed coats ofOphiopogon jaburan, a new flavonol glycoside was isolated as needles and determined to be kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactoside-4′-O-β-d-glucoside (OK-2) by UV and NMR spectral analyses. OK-2 and kaempfrol 3, 4′-di-O-β-d-glucoside (OK-1), which was detected previously, in the blue seed coat were present in a molar ratio of about 13:7. OK-2
was newly found as a factor causing the blueing effects on ophionin which is a main anthocyanin in the blue seed coats. The
mixture of 4.8×10−3 M OK-2 and 2.5×10−3 M ophionin in Mcllvaine's buffer solution (pH 5.6) showed stable blue color, and the absorption spectrum of the mixture showed
two absorption peaks and a shoulder in visible reasion, coinciding with that of the fresh blue seed coat. The effect of ophionin
and OK-2 co-pigmentation on the blue color of seed coat ofO. jaburan was discussed. 相似文献
19.
Camelini CM Maraschin M de Mendonça MM Zucco C Ferreira AG Tavares LA 《Biotechnology letters》2005,27(17):1295-1299
β-Glucans of Agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies in different stages of maturity were isolated and characterized by FTIR and NMR. These fractions had greater
amount of (1→6)-β-glucan and the (1→3)-β-glucan increased with fruiting bodies maturation. Yields of β-glucans increased from 42 mg β-glucans g−1 fruiting bodies (dry wt) in immature stage to 43 mg g−1 in mature stage with immature spores, and decreased to 40 mg g−1 in mature stage with spore maturation. Mature fruiting bodies, which included these glucans, have potential therapeutical benefits for use in nutraceutical products. 相似文献
20.
The kinetics of phase separation and microstructure of oat β-glucan/whey protein binary mixtures varying in concentration (4–16% w/v protein, 0.3–1.2% w/v β-glucan) and β-glucan molecular weight (1.3 × 106, 640 × 103, 180 × 103, and 120 × 103 g/mol) was investigated by turbidimetry and fluorescent microscopy. The phase separation of the mixed systems was followed
at pH 7.0 and at room temperature under quiescent conditions. Application of first principles revealed that phase separation
of the systems follows first-order kinetics. Acceleration of the phase-separation process was observed with increase of β-glucan concentration for the three lowest-MW samples but the highest molecular weight (1.3 × 106 g/mol) exhibited the opposite trend. Changes in the polysaccharide molecular weight resulted in considerable differences
in β-glucan aggregate morphology in the mixed systems. The change in the continuity of the mixed system from polysaccharide-,
to bi-, to protein-continuous was confirmed for a wide range of mixed systems differing in biopolymer concentration, and β-glucan molecular weight. 相似文献