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社会性昆虫级型和行为分化机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
社会性的出现是生物演化过程中的重要革新, 理解社会性的演化和调控机制具有重要的理论和实际意义。社会性昆虫的个体间有着明显的级型分化和劳动分工, 这有利于它们适应复杂的环境变化。理解社会性昆虫如何产生不同的形态、行为和生活史特性, 一直是进化和发育生物学的重要目标。随着测序技术的不断更新及生物信息学的快速发展, 已经有众多关于社会性昆虫级型和行为分化机制的研究报道。本文通过整理社会性昆虫研究的已有成果, 从环境因素、生理调控和分子机制等方面对社会性昆虫级型和行为分化机制相关研究进展进行了综述, 并对未来的研究方向做出了展望。根据现有证据, 社会性昆虫所生活的生物环境(食物营养、信息素、表皮碳氢化合物)和非生物环境(温度、气候等)均能直接或间接影响社会性昆虫级型和行为的分化; 保幼激素、蜕皮激素、类胰岛素及生物胺等内分泌激素和神经激素对社会性昆虫的级型和行为分化也有重要的调控作用; 此外, 遗传因素、新基因等DNA序列或基因组结构上的变化以及表观遗传修饰、基因的差异表达等基因调控机制均能不同程度地影响社会性昆虫的行为分化。本文建议加强昆虫纲其他社会性类群如半翅目蚜虫和缨翅目蓟马等的社会性行为及其演化机制的研究, 以加深对社会性昆虫起源及其行为演化的理解和认识。 相似文献
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植食性昆虫的寄主选择机理及行为调控策略 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
害虫是影响农作物生产的重要因素,过度使用化学农药已带来严重的“3R”问题。为了长期有效地控制害虫的危害,基于植食性昆虫寄主选择机制的行为调控策略已成为害虫治理研究的重要方向。天然植物资源(如驱避植物、诱集植物与诱集枝把)、物理模拟材料(如诱集色、驱避色与诱集模型)和人工合成物质(如引诱剂、驱避剂、刺激剂与抑制剂)等研发工作皆取得了突破性的进展。除单一措施的使用外,多种诱集措施协同利用的“诱集+诱集”策略、诱集措施与趋避措施结合使用的“排斥-诱集”策略也已被广泛应用。 相似文献
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环境湿度和降雨对昆虫的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
气候因素与害虫的个体发育和种群动态密切相关.其中,环境湿度(包括空气相对湿度和土壤含水量)变化直接导致昆虫体内含水量变化,从而打破虫体内的水分平衡,进而对其个体发育及群体发生等产生影响.降雨在影响环境湿度的同时,其物理冲刷作用也影响着昆虫田间种群发生动态.因此,研究环境湿度和降雨对昆虫的影响很有意义.本文综述了环境湿度和降雨及其它环境因子(如温度等)的联合作用对昆虫的影响,介绍了其在影响昆虫生长发育、生存、行为、生殖和种群生态学方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了环境湿度调节(如灌溉等)在调控害虫(如棉铃虫)田问种群发生方面的应用. 相似文献
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The R1 abdominal retractor muscles of the insect Tenebrio molitor change position during the course of metamorphosis. These muscles detach from the epidermal tendon cells at their anterior ends, and migrate in a posterior direction, parallel to the body axis, to form completely new attachments shortly before adult emergence. Movement is preceded by the loss of sarcomere structure, and the muscles migrate in a partially dedifferentiated condition, closely accompanied by satellite cells and haemocytes. Movement appears to result from the extension of muscle processes towards the epidermis posterior to the larval attachment sites, which contact reciprocal processes extended from the epidermis. Contacts at the new posterior sites are then reinforced, and relinquished at the anterior. This cycle is subsequently repeated. It is envisaged that migration ceases when the muscles encounter a contour in the epidermal gradient known to specify the position of the adult muscle attachment sites. This positional information may be encoded in the epidermal basal lamina. The muscles then redifferentiate, with concurrent differentiation of new epidermal tendon cells. Development of adult muscle attachments appears to require reciprocal morphogenetic interactions between muscle and epidermis. 相似文献
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James B. Nardi 《Development genes and evolution》1984,194(1):1-8
Summary Insect tissues are supplied with oxygen by a system of long and highly branched cuticular tubes known as tracheae and tracheoles. During the growth of with imaginal discs in moths and butterflies, tracheole cells migrate distally from the base of the disc. Tracheoles radiate in a distal direction through the extracellular space sandwiched between the upper and lower epithelial surfaces of the wing.Migration of most cells is assumed to be governed by forces intrinsic to the cell. However, the movement of tracheoles is apparently a passive process whose motive force resides in adjacent epithelial cells. After epithelial cells are exposed to ecdysteroid hormones, these cells extend basal processes that are attracted to oxygen-rich tracheoles. By applying traction to the tracheoles with which they establish intimate contact, epithelial cells may control the pattern of their distribution within wing tissue. 相似文献
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Will L. Hawkes Scarlett T. Weston Holly Cook Toby Doyle Richard Massy Eva Jimenez Guri Rex E. Wotton Jimenez Karl R. Wotton 《Biology letters》2022,18(10)
Migratory hoverflies are long-range migrants that, in the Northern Hemisphere, move seasonally to higher latitudes in the spring and lower latitudes in the autumn. The preferred migratory direction of hoverflies in the autumn has been the subject of radar and flight simulator studies, while spring migration has proved to be more difficult to characterize owing to a lack of ground observations. Consequently, the preferred migratory direction during spring has only been inferred from entomological radar studies and patterns of local abundance, and currently lacks ground confirmation. Here, during a springtime arrival of migratory insects onto the Isles of Scilly and mainland Cornwall, UK, we provide ground proof that spring hoverfly migrants have an innate northward preference. Captured migratory hoverflies displayed northward vanishing bearings when released under sunny conditions under both favourable wind and zero-wind conditions. In addition, and unlike autumn migrants, spring individuals were also able to orientate when the sun was obscured. Analysis of winds suggests an origin for insects arriving on the Isles of Scilly as being in western France. These findings of spring migration routes and preferred migration directions are likely to extend to the diverse set of insects found within the western European migratory assemblage. 相似文献
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A. G. Gatehouse 《Population Ecology》1994,36(2):165-171
Stochastic effects of climate and weather have a pervasive influence on the induction, performance and evolution of migration. In wing-dimorphic species, their influence on habitat quality, and on rates of development of the migrant itself, maintains variation in responses to environmental cues determining wing-form and migratory behaviour. Migrants flying above their flight boundary layer rely on winds to disperse them across landscapes in which their habitats are distributed. Patterns of distribution of habitat patches, and the influence of changing windspeeds and direction on the displacements of migrants, result in selection for variation in migratory potential at each migration. In subsequent migrations, this variation and stochastic effects of the winds on groundtracks of individual migrants ensure that their destinations ‘sample’ the landscapes they travel over. The extent and resolution of this sampling, by which migrants reach favourable habitats, depend on the components of migratory potential, their mode of inheritance, and genetic correlations between them, as well as on the characteristics of the winds on which they travel. 相似文献
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R. B. Driesang A. Büschges 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1993,173(4):445-454
The known nonlinearities of the femur-tibia control loop of the stick insect Carausius morosus (enabling the system to produce catalepsy) are already present in the nonspiking interneuron E4: (1) The decay of depolarizations in interneuron E4 following slow elongation movements of the femoral chordotonal organ apodeme could be described by a single exponential function, whereas the decay following faster movements had to be characterized by a double exponential function. (2) Each of the two corresponding time constants was independent of stimulus velocity. (3) The relative contribution of each function to the total amount of depolarization changed with stimulus velocity. (4) The characteristics described in (1)–(3) were also found in the slow extensor tibiae motoneuron. (5) Single electrode voltage clamp studies on interneuron E4 indicated that no voltage dependent membrane properties were involved in the generation of the observed time course of decay. Thus, we can trace back a certain behavior (catalepsy) to the properties of an identified, nonspiking interneuron.Abbrevations FETi
fast extensor tibiae motor neuron
- FT-joint
femur-tibia joint
- FT-control loop
femur-tibia control loop
- SETi
slow extensor tibiae motor neuron
- R
regression coefficient 相似文献
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